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Snowdon
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<h2 id="toponymy">Toponymy</h2> <p>The name "Snowdon" is first recorded in 1095 as <i>Snawdune</i>, and is derived from the <a href="/facts/Old_English/9rsmQG2a">Old English</a> elements <i><i>snaw</i></i> and <i><i>dun</i></i>, meaning "snow hill".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>The Welsh name of the mountain, <i>Yr Wyddfa</i>, is first recorded in <a href="/facts/Latin/pM3Kge85">Latin</a> as <i>Weddua vaur</i>1284. This is probably an approximation of <i>Pen y Wyddfa Fawr</i>. The element <i>gwyddfa</i> in this context means 'height, promontory', and also appears in the Welsh name for the town of <a href="/facts/Mold%2c_Flintshire/rAz7SX0e">Mold</a>, <i>Yr Wyddgrug</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p><i>Gwyddfa</i> later developed the meaning "burial cairn", and there is a legend that the giant <a href="/facts/Rhitta_Gawr/2HTpMVcS">Rhita</a> is buried under the mountain's summit cairn.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> One legend claims that Rhita was defeated and buried on the mountain by <a href="/facts/King_Arthur/JDyRQ8gx">King Arthur</a>, and another states that Rhita was killed by the giant <a href="/facts/Idris_Gawr/H6NfUaVm">Idris</a> who lived on the mountain <a href="/facts/Cadair_Idris/HcQHDfTl">Cadair Idris</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> The mountain is also linked to other figures from Arthurian legend, a legendary <i><i><a href="/facts/Afanc/lPphCy8w">Afanc</a></i></i> (water monster) and the <i><a href="/facts/Tylwyth_Teg/t0v4qUnE">Tylwyth Teg</a></i> (fairies).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p><p>The Welsh mountain is sometimes referred to as "Mount Snowdon" or "Mt Snowdon".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p><p>In November 2022, national park authority announced they are to refer to the mountain by its Welsh name <i>Yr Wyddfa</i>, not Snowdon.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> Following a two-year transition period, in November 2024, the authority announced the name would be kept following its success in gaining support and adoption by businesses and media.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="environment">Environment</h2> <h3>Geography and geology</h3> <p>A 1682 survey estimated that the summit of Snowdon was at an elevation of 3,720 feet (1,130 m); in 1773, <a href="/facts/Thomas_Pennant/Skf5szzJ">Thomas Pennant</a> quoted a later estimate of 3,568 ft (1,088 m) above sea level at <a href="/facts/Caernarfon/WznRnNIR">Caernarfon</a>. It was long believed to be the tallest mountain on the island of Great Britain until measurements taken in the 18th century confirmed that <a href="/facts/Ben_Nevis/NgukgAnR">Ben Nevis</a> and several other Scottish peaks were taller.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> Recent surveys give the height of the summit as 1,085 m (3,560 ft), making Snowdon the highest mountain in Wales, and the highest point in the <a href="/facts/British_Isles/4fBquvMU">British Isles</a> outside <a href="/facts/Scotland/VGwbbxB2">Scotland</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p><p>The rocks which today make up Snowdon and its neighbouring mountains were formed in the <a href="/facts/Ordovician/BjMrLIEA">Ordovician</a> Period. At that time, most of modern-day Wales was near the edge of <a href="/facts/Avalonia/4c5odl6N">Avalonia</a>, submerged beneath the ancient <a href="/facts/Iapetus_Ocean/2rjw83DF">Iapetus Ocean</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> In the Soudleyan (former British regional) stage (<a href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=458–457">458 to 457</a> million years ago) of the <a href="/facts/Caradoc_(age)/BjMrLIEA">Caradoc (British regional) epoch</a>, a <a href="/facts/Volcano/c2M5upml">volcanic</a> <a href="/facts/Caldera/eWvTK8Es">caldera</a> formed, and produced <a href="/facts/Ash_flow/72eP2PtH">ash flows</a> of <a href="/facts/Rhyolite/yKeR5Lut">rhyolitic</a> <a href="/facts/Tuff/PhhRoLdJ">tuff</a>, which formed deposits up to 500 metres (1,600 ft) thick.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> The current summit is near the northern edge of the ancient caldera; the caldera's full extent is unclear, but it extended as far as the summit of <a href="/facts/Moel_Hebog/SgUY0R23">Moel Hebog</a> in the south-west.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p><p>Snowdon and its surrounding peaks have been described as "true examples of <a href="/facts/Orography/avly8ef3">Alpine topography</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> The summits of Snowdon and <a href="/facts/Garnedd_Ugain/Jxa8NqaF">Garnedd Ugain</a> are surrounded by <a href="/facts/Cirque/AP63fr64">cwms</a>, rounded valleys scooped out by <a href="/facts/Glaciation/alIAm38r">glaciation</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> Erosion by glaciers in adjacent cwms caused the characteristic <a href="/facts/Ar%25C3%25AAte/y12J0MsJ">arêtes</a> of <a href="/facts/Crib_Goch/JPNQf9j5">Crib Goch</a>, <a href="/facts/Crib_y_Ddysgl/Jxa8NqaF">Crib y Ddysgl</a> and <a href="/facts/Y_Lliwedd/V876uPUp">Y Lliwedd</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Pyramidal_peak/EFR7a5W4">pyramidal peak</a> of Snowdon itself.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> Other <a href="/facts/Glacial_landform/QNjKa1Un">glacial landforms</a> that can be seen around Snowdon include <a href="/facts/Roche_moutonn%25C3%25A9e/h64Icg97">roches moutonnées</a>, <a href="/facts/Glacial_erratic/khhXAKN5">glacial erratics</a> and <a href="/facts/Moraine/NUoWIpka">moraines</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> </p> <h3>Climate</h3> <p>In winter, Snowdon often has a covering of snow (giving rise to its English name).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> Although the amount of snow on Snowdon in winter varies significantly, 55% less snow fell in 2004 than in 1994.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> The slopes of Snowdon have one of the wettest climates in Great Britain, receiving an annual average of more than 5,100 mm (200 in) of <a href="/facts/Precipitation_(meteorology)/uq3nGQc8">precipitation</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> </p> <h3>Flora and fauna</h3> <p>The environment of Snowdon, particularly its rare plants, has led to the designation of much of the eastern part of the massif as a <a href="/facts/National_nature_reserve_(United_Kingdom)/J2nF8A3h">national nature reserve</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> In addition to plants that are widespread in Snowdonia, Snowdon is home to some plants rarely found elsewhere in Britain. These include the "Snowdon lily", <i><a href="/facts/Gagea_serotina/HayKpaA2">Gagea serotina</a></i>, which is also found in the <a href="/facts/Alps/Q3zdQId4">Alps</a> and in North America; it was first discovered in Wales by <a href="/facts/Edward_Lhuyd/a3FUtsQH">Edward Lhuyd</a>, and the genus <i>Lloydia</i> (now included in <i><a href="/facts/Gagea/c9wVqNvN">Gagea</a></i>) was later named in his honour by <a href="/facts/Richard_Anthony_Salisbury/8LdAkcJD">Richard Anthony Salisbury</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> Snowdon lies in the northern part of <a href="/facts/Snowdonia_National_Park/XB5sIjR6">Snowdonia National Park</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> which has also provided some legal protection since the park's establishment in 1951.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Eurasian_otter/oYxBUg7o">Otters</a>, <a href="/facts/European_polecat/Nb0m4yeg">polecats</a>, and <a href="/facts/Goat/BrsPJmdX">goats</a> have been seen near or on the mountain,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> although <a href="/facts/Pine_marten/qJQ70u9S">pine martens</a> have not been seen for many years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> Birds that can be seen include the <a href="/facts/Common_raven/nzYgGjU4">raven</a>, <a href="/facts/Red-billed_chough/nbeBUJ9S">red-billed chough</a>, <a href="/facts/Peregrine_falcon/M1d3YUDf">peregrine</a>, <a href="/facts/Osprey/htBvzk9q">osprey</a>, <a href="/facts/Merlin_(bird)/bDYpY3Xb">merlin</a>, <a href="/facts/Red_kite/M9rgTNIj">red kite</a> and moorland birds.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> </p> <h3>Lakes</h3> <p>A number of lakes are found in the various <a href="/facts/Cirque/AP63fr64">cwms</a> of the Snowdon range: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Llyn_Llydaw/kHf9Ro4k">Llyn Llydaw</a> – 1,430 ft (440 m) high, 110 acres (45 ha) – lies in <a href="/facts/Cwm_Dyli/r2qqQIwJ">Cwm Dyli</a>, Snowdon's eastern cwm, and is one of Snowdonia's deepest lakes, at up to 190 ft (58 m) deep. Various explanations of its name have been put forward, including <i><i>lludw</i></i> ("ash"), from ashen deposits along the shore, to <i><i>Llydaw</i></i> ("<a href="/facts/Brittany/XvquwmIg">Brittany</a>").<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> It contains evidence of a <a href="/facts/Crannog/QLCH3bVu">crannog</a> settlement, and was the location of a 10-by-2-foot (3 m × 0.6 m) <a href="/facts/Dugout_canoe/t38LboDx">dugout canoe</a> described in the <i>Cambrian Journal</i> in 1862.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> The lake is significantly coloured by washings from the copper mines nearby, and is used by the Cwm Dyli <a href="/facts/Hydroelectric_power/zEeJIK2B">hydroelectric power</a> station, which opened in 1906.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> The lake is crossed by a <a href="/facts/Causeway/rxdAVmNz">causeway</a>, built in 1853 and raised in the 20th century to prevent the causeway from flooding frequently.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Glaslyn/dKQ90EY4">Glaslyn</a> – 1,970 feet (600 m) high, 18 acres (7.3 ha) – lies higher up Cwm Dyli than Llyn Llydaw.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> It was originally called <i><i>Llyn y Ffynnon Glas</i></i>, and has a depth of 127 feet (39 m).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> For a long time, it was believed to be bottomless, and is also the location for various myths.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></li> <li>Llyn Ffynnon-y-gwas – 1,430 feet (440 m) high, 10 acres (4.0 ha) – lies in Cwm Treweunydd, Snowdon's north-western cwm, and is passed by the Snowdon Ranger path.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> It was enlarged by damming for use as a reservoir for use by slate quarries, but the level has since been lowered, and the lake's volume reduced to 24,000 cubic metres (850,000 cu ft).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></li></ul> <p>Other lakes include: Llyn Du'r Arddu below Clogwyn Du'r Arddu, at a height of 1,901 feet (579 m), 5 acres (2.0 ha); Llyn Teyrn near Pen-y-pass, at a height of 1,237 feet (377 m), 5 acres (2.0 ha); and several smaller pools.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="leisure-activities">Leisure activities</h2> <p>Snowdon has been described as "the busiest mountain in Britain",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a> with some 543,541 people having walked up the mountain in 2022.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> There are six main walking paths, which can be combined in various ways.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a> In addition, the circular walk starting and ending at <i><a href="/facts/Pen-y-Pass/fyXFaoo8">Pen-y-Pass</a></i> and using the <i>Crib Goch</i> route and the route over <i>Y Lliwedd</i>, both of which involve <a href="/facts/Scrambling/7f2sS0Vl">scrambling</a>, is called the Snowdon Horseshoe, and is considered "one of the finest ridge walks in Britain".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a> The routes are arranged here anticlockwise, starting with the path leading from Llanberis. In winter conditions, all these routes become significantly more dangerous and the Llanberis Mountain Rescue Team state that "additional skills, equipment and knowledge are required".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a> Many inexperienced walkers have been killed over the years attempting to climb the mountain via the main paths.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a> </p><p>The mountain itself may also be viewed on takeoff and approach to both <a href="/facts/Manchester_Airport/L0pFnFwA">Manchester Airport</a> and <a href="/facts/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport/5PnIaFQg">Liverpool John Lennon Airport</a> on very clear days, and even from <a href="/facts/Howth_Head/7h6Uzvos">Howth Head</a> in <a href="/facts/Dublin/Fv8ezm8a">Dublin</a>, <a href="/facts/Ireland/35vYxXdP">Ireland</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a> </p> <p>On 26 June 2018, Sam Laming became the first ever <a href="/facts/Wingsuit_flying/XMWVcW8I">Wingsuit</a> pilot to perform a 'Proximity Flight' over a UK mountain, by flying approximately 30 metres over Snowdon's summit, after jumping from a helicopter with fellow wingsuit camera pilot, Mike Hitchcock.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a> </p><p>In 2021, John Harold, the director of the Snowdonia Society, reported that the number of visitors ascending Snowdon was exceeding capacity. At popular times walkers queue for upwards of 45 minutes for an opportunity to take a photo at the summit pillar.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a> </p> <h3>Rock climbing</h3> <p>The <a href="/facts/Snowdon_Massif/s9C4Xe4c">Snowdon Massif</a> includes a number of cliffs, and holds an important place in the history of <a href="/facts/Rock_climbing/wd5WnGnG">rock climbing</a> in the United Kingdom. <a href="/facts/Clogwyn_Du%2527r_Arddu/ENWfcoks">Clogwyn Du'r Arddu</a> is often colloquially known as 'Cloggy' among climbers, and was the site of the first recorded climb in Britain, in 1798.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a> It was carried out by <a href="/facts/Peter_Bailey_Williams/68yfS7FE">Peter Bailey Williams</a> and <a href="/facts/William_Bingley/73Gh8SWg">William Bingley</a>, while searching for rare plants.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a> It is now considered to be one of the best cliffs in Britain for rock climbing.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Y_Lliwedd/V876uPUp">Y Lliwedd</a> was also explored by early climbers, and was the subject of a 1909 climbing guide, <i>The Climbs on Lliwedd</i> by J. M. A. Thompson and A. W. Andrews, one of the first in Britain.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a> Snowdon was used by <a href="/facts/Edmund_Hillary/Iwde7Uch">Edmund Hillary</a> and his group during preparations for their successful 1953 expedition to climb <a href="/facts/Mount_Everest/hspjxkgv">Mount Everest</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a> </p> <h3>Paths</h3> <p>The first recorded ascent of Snowdon was by the botanist <a href="/facts/Thomas_Johnson_(botanist)/RfESxn9z">Thomas Johnson</a> in 1639.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a> However, the 18th-century Welsh historian <a href="/facts/Thomas_Pennant/Skf5szzJ">Thomas Pennant</a> mentions a "triumphal fair upon this our chief of mountains" following <a href="/facts/Edward_I_of_England/McXM7vvt">Edward I</a>'s conquest of Wales in 1284, which could indicate the possibility of earlier ascents.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a> </p><p>The six main paths were mapped by the Google Trekker in 2015.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a> The elevations and gradients given here are for the start point on a public road, based on <a href="/facts/Ordnance_Survey/syLosef7">Ordnance Survey</a> mapping. Other definitions are possible so alternative figures can be found (e.g.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a>). </p> <h4>Llanberis Path</h4> <p>Length: 6.8 km (4.2 mi). Elevation gain: 965 m (3,166 ft). Overall gradient: 1 in 7.1 (14.1%). </p><p>The Llanberis Path is the longest route to the summit. It follows close to the line of the railway, and being the easiest ascent,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a> it is the route used by the annual <a href="/facts/Snowdon_Race/SzWn7xfh">Snowdon Race</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a> which has a record time of less than 40 minutes recorded from the start to the summit.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a> </p><p>The section of the Llanberis Path above Clogwyn station has long been called the "Killer Convex"; in icy conditions, this convex slope can send unwary walkers over the cliffs of Clogwyn Du'r Arddu. Four people died there in February 2009.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a> </p> <h4>Snowdon Ranger Path</h4> <p>Length: 6.3 km (3.9 mi). Elevation gain: 935 m (3,068 ft). Overall gradient: 1 in 6.7 (14.9%). </p><p>The Snowdon Ranger Path (<a href="/facts/Welsh_language/4Pz8r6yk">Welsh</a>: <i>Llwybr Cwellyn</i>) begins at the <a href="/facts/Youth_hostel/WYJqeuIv">youth hostel</a> beside <a href="/facts/Llyn_Cwellyn/Uo831Kb2">Llyn Cwellyn</a>, to the west of the mountain, served by the <a href="/facts/A4085_road/mI5epxsS">A4085</a> and <a href="/facts/Snowdon_Ranger_railway_station/EoLJ8pBC">Snowdon Ranger railway station</a>. This was formerly the Saracen's Head Inn, but was renamed under the ownership of the mountain guide John Morton.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a> It is thought to be the oldest path to the summit.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a> </p><p>The route begins with <a href="/facts/Zigzag/uEJHYxxc">zigzags</a> through turf,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a> before reaching a flatter <a href="/facts/Bog/LuPbb2qV">boggy</a> area in front of Llyn Ffynnon-y-gwas. The path then climbs to Bwlch Cwm Brwynog, and then snakes along the ridge above Clogwyn Du'r Arddu towards the summit. This path meets the railway, the Llanberis Path, the Crib Goch path, and the combined Pyg Track and Miners' Track all within a short distance, just below the summit.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a> </p> <h4>Rhyd Ddu path</h4> <p>Length: 5.8 km (3.6 mi). Elevation gain: 905 m (2,969 ft) or 896 m (2,940 ft)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a> depending on exact start point. Overall gradient: 1 in 6.4 (15.7%). </p><p>The Rhyd Ddu path, formerly called the Beddgelert Path, leads from the village of <a href="/facts/Rhyd_Ddu/XPmaMUdT">Rhyd Ddu</a>, west of Snowdon, gently up on to Llechog, a broad ridge dropping west from the summit.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a> It is considered one of the easier routes to the summit,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a> with the advantage that the summit is visible from the start,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a> but is one of the least used routes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a> It climbs at a shallow gradient to Bwlch Main, shortly southwest of the summit, from where it climbs more steeply, meeting up with the Watkin Path at a site marked with a large standing stone a few hundred metres from the summit. An alternative start begins at <a href="/facts/Pitt%2527s_Head/XunKjbqJ">Pitt's Head</a> on the <a href="/facts/A4085_road/mI5epxsS">A4085 road</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82"><sup>82</sup></a> </p> <h4>Watkin Path</h4> <p>Length: 6.2 km (3.9 mi). Elevation gain: 1,025 m (3,363 ft). Overall gradient: 1 in 6.1 (16.5%). </p><p>The Watkin Path is "the most demanding route direct to the summit of Snowdon",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83"><sup>83</sup></a> since it starts at the lowest elevation of any of the main routes and has the steepest overall gradient.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84"><sup>84</sup></a> It was first conceived by <a href="/facts/Sir_Edward_Watkin/vIsuvkXj">Sir Edward Watkin</a>, a railway owner who had attempted to build a railway tunnel under the <a href="/facts/English_Channel/UPjaSEXf">English Channel</a>, and had a <a href="/facts/Summer_home/fHpq5dxV">summer home</a> in <a href="/facts/Nant_Gwynant/UB4Aa5U2">Nant Gwynant</a> near the start of the path.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85"><sup>85</sup></a> It was originally designed as a donkey track and opened in 1892.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86"><sup>86</sup></a> </p><p>The start of the Watkin Path has been described as "the prettiest beginning" of the routes up Snowdon.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87"><sup>87</sup></a> It begins at Bethania on the <a href="/facts/A498_road/MXv1s6eD">A498</a> and climbs initially through old <a href="/facts/Celtic_broadleaf_forests/Cczrvzpt">broadleaved woodland</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88"><sup>88</sup></a> After leaving the woods, the path climbs past the waterfalls of the Afon Llan to the glacial <a href="/facts/Cirque/AP63fr64">cirque</a> of Cwm Llan, crossing a disused <a href="/facts/Inclined_plane/h7XSGAcR">incline</a> from an abandoned slate quarry.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89"><sup>89</sup></a> It then reaches Plas Cwmllan, formerly the home of the quarry manager for the South Snowdon Slate Works beyond, and later used for <a href="/facts/Target_practice/KApejkzI">target practice</a> by <a href="/facts/Commando/R75nynuA">commandos</a> during the Second World War.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90"><sup>90</sup></a> Near Plas Cwmllan is the large boulder known as Gladstone Rock, which bears a plaque commemorating a speech given in 1892 by <a href="/facts/William_Ewart_Gladstone/0UT80hav">William Ewart Gladstone</a>, the then 82-year-old <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom/Uf40UlBb">Prime Minister</a>, on the subject of <i>Justice for Wales</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91"><sup>91</sup></a> The slate workings in Cwm Llan were opened in 1840, but closed in 1882 due to the expense of transporting the slate to the sea at <a href="/facts/Porthmadog/2jpKo6AI">Porthmadog</a>. Various buildings, including barracks and dressing sheds, remain.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92"><sup>92</sup></a> </p><p>From the slate quarries, the Watkin Path veers to the north-east to reach Bwlch Ciliau, the <a href="/facts/Col/yaw0UrRj">col</a> between Snowdon and <a href="/facts/Y_Lliwedd/V876uPUp">Y Lliwedd</a>, which is marked by a large orange-brown <a href="/facts/Cairn/wlwuhNvp">cairn</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93"><sup>93</sup></a> From here, it heads west to meet the Rhyd Ddu Path at a standing stone shortly below the summit of Snowdon.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94"><sup>94</sup></a> </p> <h4>Over Y Lliwedd</h4> <p>Length: 6.4 km (4.0 mi). </p><p>The route over <a href="/facts/Y_Lliwedd/V876uPUp">Y Lliwedd</a> is more frequently used for descent than ascent, and forms the second half of the Snowdon Horseshoe walk, the ascent being over Crib Goch. It is reached from the summit by following the Watkin Path down to Bwlch y Saethau, and then continuing along the ridge to the twin summits of Y Lliwedd.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95"><sup>95</sup></a> The path then drops down to Cwm Dyli to join the Miners' Track towards Pen-y-Pass. </p> <h4>Miners' Track</h4> <p>Length: 6.6 km (4.1 mi). Elevation gain: 726 m (2,382 ft). Overall gradient: 1 in 9.1 (10.9%). </p><p>The Miners' Track (<a href="/facts/Welsh_language/4Pz8r6yk">Welsh</a>: <i>Llwybr y Mwynwyr</i>) begins at the car park at <a href="/facts/Pen-y-Pass/fyXFaoo8">Pen-y-Pass</a>, at an elevation of around 360 m (1,180 ft), and has the shallowest overall gradient.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96"><sup>96</sup></a> It begins by skirting Llyn Teyrn before climbing slightly to cross the causeway over <a href="/facts/Llyn_Llydaw/kHf9Ro4k">Llyn Llydaw</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97"><sup>97</sup></a> It follows the lake's shoreline before climbing to <a href="/facts/Glaslyn/dKQ90EY4">Glaslyn</a>, from where it ascends steeply towards Bwlch Glas. It is joined for most of this zigzag ascent by the Pyg Track, and on reaching the summit ridge, is united with the Llanberis Path and Snowdon Ranger Path.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98"><sup>98</sup></a> Derelict mine buildings are encountered along several parts of the path.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99"><sup>99</sup></a> </p> <h4>Pyg Track</h4> <p>Length: 5.3 km (3.3 mi). Elevation gain: 726 m (2,382 ft). Overall gradient: 1 in 7.3 (13.7%). </p><p>The "Pyg Track" (<a href="/facts/Welsh_language/4Pz8r6yk">Welsh</a>: <i>Llwybr Pyg</i>), or "Pig Track" (both spellings may be encountered), also leads from Pen-y-Pass.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100"><sup>100</sup></a> The track climbs over Bwlch y Moch on the eastern flanks of Crib Goch, before traversing that ridge's lower slopes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101"><sup>101</sup></a> Above Glaslyn, it is joined by the Miners' Track for the zigzag climb to Bwlch Glas between Snowdon and Garnedd Ugain, where it joins the combined Llanberis and Snowdon Ranger paths.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102"><sup>102</sup></a> </p><p>From the website of the <a href="/facts/Snowdonia_National_Park_Authority/XB5sIjR6">Snowdonia National Park Authority</a>, </p> <blockquote><p>Nobody knows for certain why this path is called the Pyg Track. It's possible that it was named after the pass it leads through, <i>Bwlch y Moch</i> (translated Pigs' Pass) as the path is sometimes spelled 'Pig Track'. Or, maybe because it was used to carry '<i>pyg</i>' (black tar) to the copper mines on Snowdon. Another possible explanation is that the path was named after the nearby Pen y Gwryd Hotel, popular amongst the early mountain walkers.</p>— Snowdonia National Park Authority<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103"><sup>103</sup></a></blockquote> <h4>Crib Goch</h4> <p>Length: 5.0 km (3.1 mi). </p><p>The traverse of <i><a href="/facts/Crib_Goch/JPNQf9j5">Crib Goch</a></i> has been described as "one of the finest ridge walks in Britain",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104"><sup>104</sup></a> and forms part of the Snowdon Horseshoe, a circuit of the peaks surrounding Cwm Dyli.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105"><sup>105</sup></a> The path follows the Pyg Track before separating off from it at <i>Bwlch y Moch</i> and leading up the East ridge of <a href="/facts/Crib_Goch/JPNQf9j5">Crib Goch</a>. After the Crib Goch ridge, it descends slightly to Bwlch Coch, then ascends to the peak of Garnedd Ugain (1,065 m or 3,494 ft), before dropping to join the Llanberis path. All routes which tackle Crib Goch are considered mountaineering routes or <a href="/facts/Scrambling/7f2sS0Vl">scrambles</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106"><sup>106</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="snowdon-mountain-railway">Snowdon Mountain Railway</h2> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Snowdon_Mountain_Railway/kagNq2HK">Snowdon Mountain Railway</a></p> <p>The <a href="/facts/Snowdon_Mountain_Railway/kagNq2HK">Snowdon Mountain Railway</a> (SMR) (<a href="/facts/Welsh_language/4Pz8r6yk">Welsh</a>: <i>Rheilffordd yr Wyddfa</i>) is a <a href="/facts/Narrow-gauge_railway/AM4D6E6I">narrow-gauge</a> <a href="/facts/Rack_railway/Vm8EVjEM">rack-and-pinion</a> <a href="/facts/Mountain_railway/TJ8nURo8">mountain railway</a> that travels for 4+3⁄4 miles (7.6 km) from <a href="/facts/Llanberis/p7aDL5ga">Llanberis</a> to the <a href="/facts/Summit_railway_station_(Snowdon_Mountain_Railway)/3KN98sMW">Summit station</a> of Snowdon.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107"><sup>107</sup></a> It is the only public rack and <a href="/facts/Pinion/CVbTozLS">pinion</a> railway in the <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108"><sup>108</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109"><sup>109</sup></a> and after more than 100 years of operation it remains a popular <a href="/facts/Tourist_attraction/MVHeCkMd">tourist attraction</a>, carrying more than 130,000 passengers annually.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110"><sup>110</sup></a> Single carriage trains are pushed up the mountain by either <a href="/facts/Steam_locomotive/cXEQwhFk">steam locomotives</a> or <a href="/facts/Diesel_locomotive/RvJF30q2">diesel locomotives</a>. It has also previously used <a href="/facts/Railcar/8WCtLGNc">diesel railcars</a> as <a href="/facts/Multiple_unit/lu1AD7C7">multiple units</a>. The railway was constructed between December 1894, when the first sod was cut by Enid Assheton-Smith (after whom locomotive No.2 was named), and February 1896, at a total cost of £63,800 (equivalent to £9,325,000 as of 2023).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111"><sup>111</sup></a> </p> <h3>Summit</h3> <p>The first building to be erected at the Snowdon summit was in 1838 to sell refreshments, and a <a href="/facts/Alcohol_licensing_laws_of_the_United_Kingdom/C3wp9RkT">licence to sell intoxicating liquor</a> was granted in 1845.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112"><sup>112</sup></a> Very basic accommodation was also provided for visitors.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113"><sup>113</sup></a> When the <a href="/facts/Snowdon_Mountain_Railway/kagNq2HK">Snowdon Mountain Railway</a> was opened in 1896, the company strove to get an alcohol licence for its own proposed new hotel, but being unable to, took over both summit huts by 1898.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114"><sup>114</sup></a> </p><p>During the 1930s, many complaints were received about the state of the facilities at the summit and in 1934/5 a new station building was erected in two phases; the upstairs accommodation was completed in 1937. It was designed by Sir <a href="/facts/Clough_Williams-Ellis/KcoSyItp">Clough Williams-Ellis</a> and included rooms for visitors and a <a href="/facts/Cafe_(British)/P0ekwmSc">cafe</a>. The other operators were bought out and the ramshackle collection of buildings on the summit was cleared. The flat roof was intended to be used as a viewing platform and some photographs show it being used in this way. However, other photographs taken of the cafe show that the roof leaked, which probably explains why the practice was stopped. The Summit was taken over by government agencies during the war and the accommodation was restricted to staff use afterwards.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115"><sup>115</sup></a> Having become increasingly dilapidated in post-war decades, this building was described by <a href="/facts/Charles%2c_Prince_of_Wales/EJItVkdz">Prince Charles</a> as "the highest slum in Wales".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116"><sup>116</sup></a> Its state led to a campaign to replace the building. In April 2006, Snowdonia National Park Authority, with the support of the <a href="/facts/Snowdonia_Society/KfEpn9IS">Snowdonia Society</a>, agreed a deal to start work on a new cafe and visitor centre complex.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117"><sup>117</sup></a> By mid-October 2006 the old building had been largely demolished. </p><p>The new <a href="/facts/Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects/grdupR5D">RIBA</a> Award-winning<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118"><sup>118</sup></a> £8.4 million visitor centre, <i><i>Hafod Eryri</i></i>, designed by <a href="/facts/Ray_Hole_Architects/r4VYhn6f">Ray Hole Architects</a> in conjunction with <a href="/facts/Arup_Group_Limited/S0LTpmIN">Arup</a> and built by <a href="/facts/Carillion/bRzelluG">Carillion</a>, was officially opened on 12 June 2009<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119"><sup>119</sup></a> by <a href="/facts/First_Minister_of_Wales/41l43k4f">First Minister</a> <a href="/facts/Rhodri_Morgan/jsDzHFFA">Rhodri Morgan</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120"><sup>120</sup></a> The Welsh National Poet, <a href="/facts/Gwyn_Thomas_(poet)/Ck6E7ASf">Gwyn Thomas</a>, composed a new couplet for the new building, displayed at its entrance and on the windows, which reads "<i><i>Copa'r Wyddfa: yr ydych chwi, yma, Yn nes at y nefoedd</i> / The summit of Snowdon: You are, here, nearer to Heaven</i>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121"><sup>121</sup></a> The name <i>Hafod Eryri</i> was chosen from several hundred put forward after a competition was held by the BBC.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122"><sup>122</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123"><sup>123</sup></a> <i><i>Hafod</i></i> is <a href="/facts/Welsh_language/4Pz8r6yk">Welsh</a> for an <a href="/facts/Agriculture_in_Wales/psSPqvKb">upland summer residence</a>, while <i><i>Eryri</i></i> is the Welsh name for <a href="/facts/Snowdonia/XB5sIjR6">Snowdonia</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124"><sup>124</sup></a> </p><p>The summit pillar was built in 2001, the brass <a href="/facts/Toposcope/C5kCuF0H">toposcope</a> carrying the date 2000. This plate details exactly 100 locations—mostly other peaks—which can be seen, given ideal visibility. Of the locations mentioned, <a href="/facts/Mount_Leinster/FbhQ7QS2">Mount Leinster</a> (in the Blackstairs Mountains in Ireland) is the furthest, at 188 miles away, with the <a href="/facts/Wicklow_Mountains/wlVkDo6v">Wicklow Mountains</a> (also in Ireland) being 100 miles away. <a href="/facts/Slieve_Donard/wF1TUFkB">Slieve Donard</a>, in Northern Ireland, is 108 miles away. The <a href="/facts/Lake_District/yuPLDXT8">Lake District</a> is 100 miles away, Penmaen Dewi (<a href="/facts/St_David%2527s_Head/LVvgux1h">St David's Head</a> in Pembrokeshire) is 96 miles away, <a href="/facts/Kinder_Scout/kAhDrjhb">Kinder Scout</a> (in the Peak District) is 94 miles away, and the <a href="/facts/Isle_of_Man/HG7bYyA8">Isle of Man</a> is 84 miles away. </p><p>Originally Snowdon and its summit were owned by three agricultural estates, Vaynol, Hafod y Llan and the Baron Hill Estate. Today the Vaynol land at the summit is owned by the Snowdonia National Park Authority, Hafod y Llan by the National Trust and the Baron Hill Estate retains its holding.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125"><sup>125</sup></a> The Baron Hill Estate land consists of the farm of Gwastadannas, which includes the Snowdon Horseshoe, Glaslyn, Llyn Llydaw and the northern end of Nant Gwynant. </p> <h2 id="welsh-literature">Welsh literature</h2> <p>In <a href="/facts/Welsh_folklore/GSUPlqWF">Welsh folklore</a>, the summit of Snowdon is said to be the <a href="/facts/Tomb/s89E2l8r">tomb</a> of <a href="/facts/Rhitta_Gawr/2HTpMVcS">Rhitta Gawr</a>, a <a href="/facts/Giants_(Welsh_folklore)/2HTpMVcS">giant</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126"><sup>126</sup></a> This is claimed to be the reason for the <a href="/facts/Welsh_language/4Pz8r6yk">Welsh</a> name <i>Yr Wyddfa</i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127"><sup>127</sup></a> literally meaning "the <a href="/facts/Tumulus/VyjgAGsu">tumulus</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128"><sup>128</sup></a> Rhitta Gawr wore a cloak made of men's beards, and was slain by <a href="/facts/King_Arthur/JDyRQ8gx">King Arthur</a> after claiming Arthur's beard.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129"><sup>129</sup></a> Other sites with <a href="/facts/Arthurian_legend/Sar4kAWG">Arthurian</a> connections include Bwlch y Saethau, on the ridge between Snowdon and Y Lliwedd, where Arthur himself is said to have died. A cairn, <i>Carnedd Arthur</i>, was erected at the site and was still standing as late as 1850,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130"><sup>130</sup></a> but no longer exists.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131"><sup>131</sup></a> According to the folklore, Arthur had <a href="/facts/Bedivere/9TKuPV4t">Bedivere</a> throw his sword <i><a href="/facts/Excalibur/NSbI2cS0">Excalibur</a></i> into <a href="/facts/Glaslyn/dKQ90EY4">Glaslyn</a>, where Arthur's body was later placed in a boat to be carried away to <a href="/facts/Afallon/WYNTzPfJ">Afallon</a>. Arthur's men then retreated to a cave on the slopes of Y Lliwedd, where they are said to sleep until such time as they are needed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132"><sup>132</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133"><sup>133</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Merlin/HMBHsp6A">Merlin</a> is supposed to have hidden the golden throne of Britain among the cliffs north of Crib y Ddysgl when the Saxons invaded.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:134" href="#fn:134"><sup>134</sup></a> Glaslyn was also the final resting place of a water monster, known as an <i><i><a href="/facts/Afanc/lPphCy8w">afanc</a></i></i> (also the Welsh word for <a href="/facts/Beaver/uoJ2xU4D">beaver</a>), which had plagued the people of the <a href="/facts/Conwy_valley/XYHzsHNc">Conwy valley</a>. They tempted the monster out of the water with a young girl, before securing it with chains and dragging it to Glaslyn.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:135" href="#fn:135"><sup>135</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:136" href="#fn:136"><sup>136</sup></a> A large stone known as Maen Du'r Arddu, below Clogwyn Du'r Arddu, is supposed to have <a href="/facts/Magic_(paranormal)/ttcCLh3A">magical powers</a>. Like several other sites in Wales, it is said that if two people spend the night there, one will become a great poet while the other will become insane.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:137" href="#fn:137"><sup>137</sup></a> Llyn Coch in Cwm Clogwyn has been associated with the <a href="/facts/Tylwyth_Teg/t0v4qUnE">Tylwyth Teg</a> (fairies), including a version of the <a href="/facts/Fairy/P5ca3mNx">fairy</a> bride legend.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:138" href="#fn:138"><sup>138</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="in-popular-culture">In popular culture</h2> <p>In 1968, scenes representing the <a href="/facts/Khyber_Pass/qvNBzEGg">Khyber Pass</a> were filmed for <i><a href="/facts/Carry_On..._Up_the_Khyber/r36lH2Ws">Carry On... Up the Khyber</a></i> on the lower part of the Watkin Path.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:139" href="#fn:139"><sup>139</sup></a> In 2005, <a href="/facts/Angela_Douglas/Dm4Qf6wB">Angela Douglas</a>, one of the stars of the film, unveiled a plaque at the precise location where filming took place to commemorate the location filming. It now forms part of the North Wales Film and Television Trail run by the Wales Screen Commission.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:140" href="#fn:140"><sup>140</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="in-art">In art</h2> <h2 id="injuries-and-deaths">Injuries and deaths</h2> <p>In January and February 2009 on Snowdon there were four people who died and three of these four deaths were related to people falling.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:141" href="#fn:141"><sup>141</sup></a> In 2021 there were four people who died on Snowdon.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:142" href="#fn:142"><sup>142</sup></a> </p><p>In 2021 two people were injured and taken to hospital after being struck by lightning on top of Snowdon.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:143" href="#fn:143"><sup>143</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="use-of-yr-wyddfain-english">Use of <i>Yr Wyddfa</i> in English</h2> <p>In April 2021 a motion was put forward by <a href="/facts/Gwynedd_Council/5RHbrQpn">Gwynedd Councillor</a> John Pughe Roberts for Snowdon to be called by its Welsh name <i>Yr Wyddfa</i> in all official use, and for <a href="/facts/Snowdonia/XB5sIjR6">Snowdonia</a> to similarly be known only as <i>Eryri</i>. The motion, however, was rejected as the National Park already had a task group looking at the use and retention of Welsh names. An earlier petition calling for the National Park Authority to do this had been rejected by the <a href="/facts/Senedd_Cymru_%25E2%2580%2593_Welsh_Parliament/UVeACTS7">Senedd</a> the previous year after it was found to be the responsibility of the park itself, rather than the Welsh Government.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:144" href="#fn:144"><sup>144</sup></a> </p><p>In May 2021, following the dismissal of the motion, YouGov conducted a poll on Snowdon's name. Sixty per cent of Welsh adults supported the English name <i>Snowdon</i>, compared to 30% wanting the Welsh name <i>Yr Wyddfa</i>. Separating by language, 59% of Welsh speakers preferred the Welsh name, while 37% wanted <i>Snowdon</i> to not be scrapped entirely; 69% of non-Welsh speakers firmly supported <i>Snowdon</i> as the mountain's name.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:145" href="#fn:145"><sup>145</sup></a> </p><p>In November 2022, Snowdonia National Park Authority voted to use <i>Yr Wyddfa</i> and <i>Eryri</i> (rather than Snowdon and Snowdonia) in its usage,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:146" href="#fn:146"><sup>146</sup></a> though in statutory documents both Welsh and English will still be required by law.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:147" href="#fn:147"><sup>147</sup></a> </p><p>In November 2024, the authority stated that the name change had been a "success" as many businesses and media had followed suit. The authority stated that a summer survey showed "strong support" from locals and visitors for the name change. While some concerns were raised over misconceptions by some that the Welsh names were new and mispronunciations, the authority stated that the change resulted in the park being more associated with a Welsh identity, and more different from other UK national parks. The authority is set to make a pronunciation guide and publish a report on the change.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:148" href="#fn:148"><sup>148</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Wales portal</li><li>Mountains portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Ben_Nevis/NgukgAnR">Ben Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mountains_and_hills_of_Scotland/Na9SvIsJ">Mountains and hills of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Scafell_Pike/vWjm5DSJ">Scafell Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Slate_industry_in_Wales/ALhKpvnc">Slate industry in Wales</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h3>Bibliography</h3> <ul><li>Marsh, Terry (1984). "Yr Wyddfa (Snowdon)". <i>The Summits of Snowdonia</i>. <a href="/facts/Robert_Hale_Publishing/CAzquufN">Robert Hale Publishing</a>. pp. 178–183. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-7090-1456-0.</li> <li>Marsh, Terry (2010). <i>Great Mountain Days in Snowdonia</i>. <a href="/facts/Cicerone_Press/7d9Ys7VC">Cicerone Press</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-85284-581-0.</li> <li>Roberts, Geraint (1995). <i>The Lakes of Eryri</i>. <a href="/facts/Gwasg_Carreg_Gwalch/14wbbMfA">Gwasg Carreg Gwalch</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-86381-338-2.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Snowdon. <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Snowdon">"Snowdon" </a>. <i><a href="/facts/Encyclop%25C3%25A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition/mPElbCRY">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1911.</li> <li><a href="https://www.google.co.uk/intl/en-GB/streetview/#snowdonia-national-park">The main ascent routes on Google Streetview (as mapped by Trekker)</a></li> <li>Computer-generated virtual panoramas from Snowdon<a href="http://viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas.html#longlinesbrit">1</a>: <a href="http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/WAL/Snowdon-N.gif">north</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211215172223/http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/WAL/SNOWDON-N.gif">Archived</a> 15 December 2021 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a>; <a href="http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/WAL/Snowdon-S.gif">south</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211215172154/http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/WAL/SNOWDON-S.gif">Archived</a> 15 December 2021 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Free printable contour map of Snowdon and the routes up <a href="http://www.walkeryri.org.uk/Routes/wyddfa10.html">download map</a></li> <li><a href="https://snowdoninfo.com/">SnowdonInfo, a comprehensive information site</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Walking in Snowdonia | The Snowdon Range". walk-snowdonia.co.uk. Retrieved 5 February 2024. <a href="https://walk-snowdonia.co.uk/snowdon.php" target="_blank">https://walk-snowdonia.co.uk/snowdon.php</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"SNPA – Visitor Monitoring Report, 2019" (PDF). <a href="https://snowdonia.gov.wales/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Visitor-Monitoring-Report-2019.pdf" target="_blank">https://snowdonia.gov.wales/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Visitor-Monitoring-Report-2019.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Davies, Michael; Pilsworth, Angharad (18 August 2022). "Visits to Tourist Attractions in Wales 2021: Report for Visit Wales" (PDF). gov.wales. <a href="https://www.gov.wales/sites/default/files/statistics-and-research/2022-08/visits-to-tourist-attractions-in-wales-2021.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.gov.wales/sites/default/files/statistics-and-research/2022-08/visits-to-tourist-attractions-in-wales-2021.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"National Three Peaks Challenge". 25 February 2011. Retrieved 28 April 2011. <a href="http://www.thethreepeakschallenge.co.uk/national-three-peaks-challenge/" target="_blank">http://www.thethreepeakschallenge.co.uk/national-three-peaks-challenge/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Marsh 1984 - Marsh, Terry (1984). "Yr Wyddfa (Snowdon)". The Summits of Snowdonia. Robert Hale Publishing. pp. 178–183. ISBN 978-0-7090-1456-0. <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Owen, Hywel Wyn; Morgan, Richard (20 May 2022). Dictionary of the Place-Names of Wales. Y Lolfa. p. 443. ISBN 978-1-80099-239-9. <a href="978-1-80099-239-9" target="_blank">978-1-80099-239-9</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Owen, Hywel Wyn; Morgan, Richard (20 May 2022). Dictionary of the Place-Names of Wales. Y Lolfa. p. 443. ISBN 978-1-80099-239-9. <a href="978-1-80099-239-9" target="_blank">978-1-80099-239-9</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Owen, Hywel Wyn; Morgan, Richard (20 May 2022). Dictionary of the Place-Names of Wales. Y Lolfa. p. 443. ISBN 978-1-80099-239-9. <a href="978-1-80099-239-9" target="_blank">978-1-80099-239-9</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Academy, Welsh (1986). The Oxford Companion to the Literature of Wales. 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"Mount Snowdon – Snowdon, Snowdonia. Mount Snowdon Information". Mountain Walks. Retrieved 6 January 2023. <a href="https://www.mountain-walks.co.uk/mount-snowdon/" target="_blank">https://www.mountain-walks.co.uk/mount-snowdon/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Perrin, Jim (23 August 2013). "How to climb Mount Snowdon". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 6 January 2023. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2013/aug/23/how-to-climb-mount-snowdon" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2013/aug/23/how-to-climb-mount-snowdon</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"Snowdon: Park to use mountain's Welsh name Yr Wyddfa". BBC News. 16 November 2022. <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-63649930" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-63649930</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Yr Wyddfa: National park to continue using Welsh name for Snowdon". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 11 November 2024. <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpvz1k23zlwo" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpvz1k23zlwo</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Jones, G. Lindsay (2009). "The Capel Curig Footpaths up Snowdon: a Brief History" (PDF). Snowdonia Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721110950/http://www.snowdonia-society.org.uk/uploads/docs/Snowdon_Paths_History.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110721110950/http://www.snowdonia-society.org.uk/uploads/docs/Snowdon_Paths_History.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Barnes, David (2005). "Caernarfonshire: Eifionydd; Llŷn; Arfon". The Companion Guide to Wales. Companion Guides. pp. 279–315. ISBN 978-1-900639-43-9. <a href="978-1-900639-43-9" target="_blank">978-1-900639-43-9</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Thorpe, R. S.; Leat, P. T.; Mann, A. C.; Howells, M. F.; Reedman, A. J.; Campbell, S. D. G. (1993). "Magmatic evolution of the Ordovician Snowdon Volcanic Centre, North Wales (UK)". Journal of Petrology. 34 (4): 711–741. 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ISBN 978-0-17-444706-1. <a href="978-0-17-444706-1" target="_blank">978-0-17-444706-1</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Raine, Mike (2009). "Glaciation". In Mike Raine (ed.). Nature of Snowdonia. Pesda Press. pp. 35–39. ISBN 978-1-906095-10-9. <a href="978-1-906095-10-9" target="_blank">978-1-906095-10-9</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Room, Adrian (2006). Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites (2nd ed.). McFarland & Company. p. 351. ISBN 978-0-7864-2248-7. <a href="978-0-7864-2248-7" target="_blank">978-0-7864-2248-7</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>"Snow 'disappears' from Snowdon". BBC News. 20 December 2004. <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/north_west/4112137.stm" target="_blank">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/north_west/4112137.stm</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>Howe, G. Melvyn (1957). "Weather and climate". In Emrys G. Bowen (ed.). Wales: A Physical, Historical and Regional Geography. Regional geography series. Methuen. pp. 53–94. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OUUOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA82" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=OUUOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA82</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>Marsh 2010, pp. 33–36 - Marsh, Terry (2010). Great Mountain Days in Snowdonia. Cicerone Press. ISBN 978-1-85284-581-0. <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>"National Nature Reserves (NNR)". Lle. NRW/Welsh Government. 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Retrieved 6 December 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120627173746/http://www.nationalparks.gov.uk/press/factsandfigures.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120627173746/http://www.nationalparks.gov.uk/press/factsandfigures.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>"Do Snowdon's goats speak Welsh or English?". llanberismountainrescue.co.uk. 15 July 2020. <a href="http://www.llanberismountainrescue.co.uk/news/goats-on-snowdon" target="_blank">http://www.llanberismountainrescue.co.uk/news/goats-on-snowdon</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>Turner, Robin (3 August 2009). "If you go down to the woods today you might find an endangered pine marten". WalesOnline. <a href="http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2009/08/03/if-you-go-down-to-the-woods-today-you-might-find-an-endangered-pine-marten-91466-24300490/" target="_blank">http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2009/08/03/if-you-go-down-to-the-woods-today-you-might-find-an-endangered-pine-marten-91466-24300490/</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>Raine, Mike (2009). Nature of Snowdonia: A Beginner's Guide to the Upland Environment. Pesda Press. pp. 90–91. ISBN 9781906095109. <a href="9781906095109" target="_blank">9781906095109</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>Roberts 1995, pp. 179–181 - Roberts, Geraint (1995). The Lakes of Eryri. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. ISBN 978-0-86381-338-2. <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>Roberts 1995, pp. 179–181 - Roberts, Geraint (1995). The Lakes of Eryri. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. ISBN 978-0-86381-338-2. <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>Roberts 1995, pp. 179–181 - Roberts, Geraint (1995). The Lakes of Eryri. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. ISBN 978-0-86381-338-2. <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>Hermon, Peter (2006). "The Snowdon Range". Hillwalking in Wales, Volume 2. British Hills Series (2nd ed.). Cicerone Press. pp. 237–283. ISBN 978-1-85284-468-4. <a href="978-1-85284-468-4" target="_blank">978-1-85284-468-4</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:41"><p>Roberts 1995, pp. 145–148 - Roberts, Geraint (1995). The Lakes of Eryri. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. ISBN 978-0-86381-338-2. <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:42"><p>Roberts 1995, pp. 145–148 - Roberts, Geraint (1995). The Lakes of Eryri. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. 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Retrieved 30 June 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228020210/http://www.llanberismountainrescue.co.uk/snowdon" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191228020210/http://www.llanberismountainrescue.co.uk/snowdon</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:48"><p>"Visitor Monitoring Figures – 2022: Yr Wyddfa, Ogwen & Idwal, Cader Idris and others" (PDF). Eryri National Park. Retrieved 21 October 2024. <a href="https://snowdonia.gov.wales/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Visitor-Monitoring-Report-2022.pdf" target="_blank">https://snowdonia.gov.wales/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Visitor-Monitoring-Report-2022.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:49"><p>Rowland, E. G. (1975). Ascent of Snowdon. British Hills Series (5th ed.). Cicerone Press. 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