Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
International Numbering System for Food Additives
open-in-new
<h2 id="numbering-system">Numbering system</h2> <p>INS numbers consist of three or four digits, optionally followed by an alphabetical suffix to further characterize individual additives. On packaging in the <a href="/facts/European_Union/6GYcR8qM">European Union</a> (EU), approved food additives are written with a prefix of <i>E</i>. An additive that appears in the INS does not automatically have a corresponding <a href="/facts/E_number/n3VSY29I">E number</a>. </p><p>INS numbers are assigned by the committee to identify each food additive. INS numbers generally correspond to E numbers for the same compound, e.g. INS 102, <a href="/facts/Tartrazine/mTEyYKu8">Tartrazine</a>, is also E102. INS numbers are not unique and, in fact, one number may be assigned to a group of similar compounds. </p> <h2 id="list-of-ins-numbers">List of INS numbers</h2> <ul><li>Except where stated, the list of INS numbers and associated food additives is based on the most recent publication of the Codex Alimentarius,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> <i>Class Names and the International Numbering System for Food Additives</i>, first published in 1989, with revisions in 2008 and 2011.</li> <li>E number and American approval flags are derived from other sources.</li> <li>In the table below, food additives approved for the EU are listed with an 'E',<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> and those approved for Australia and New Zealand with an 'A'.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> and for the US with a U, even though the US does not use the INS numbering system.</li></ul> <table><tbody><tr><th rowspan="2">INS #</th><th colspan="3">Approvals</th><th rowspan="2">Names</th><th rowspan="2">Type</th></tr><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr><tr><td>100</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Curcumin/xLfoQUgL">curcumins</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>100(i)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Curcumin/xLfoQUgL">curcumin</a></td><td>colour (yellow and orange)</td></tr><tr><td>100(ii)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Turmeric/AYaT2xUs">turmeric</a></td><td>colour (yellow and orange)</td></tr><tr><td>101</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Riboflavin/M8D8EbmD">riboflavins</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>101(i)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Riboflavin/M8D8EbmD">riboflavin</a>, synthetic (vitamin B2)</td><td>colour (yellow and orange)</td></tr><tr><td>101(ii)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Riboflavin-5%27-phosphate/cWutCJmR">Riboflavin-5'-phosphate</a></td><td>colour (yellow and orange)</td></tr><tr><td>101(iii)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Riboflavin/M8D8EbmD">riboflavin</a> from <i><a href="/facts/Bacillus_subtilis/KA8AodsE">Bacillus subtilis</a></i></td><td>colour (yellow and orange)</td></tr><tr><td>102</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Tartrazine/mTEyYKu8">tartrazine</a></td><td>colour (yellow and orange) (<a href="/facts/Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">FDA</a>: <a href="/facts/FD%26C/2WIHtPjC">FD&C</a> Yellow #5)</td></tr><tr><td>103</td><td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Alkannin/lJxs3spS">alkannin</a>, <a href="/facts/Chrysoine_resorcinol/pmNUGt7b">chrysoine resorcinol</a></td><td>colour (red)</td></tr><tr><td>104</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Quinoline_Yellow_WS/Pg59twxK">Quinoline Yellow WS</a></td><td>colour (yellow and orange) (FDA: D&C Yellow #10)</td></tr><tr><td>107</td><td></td><td>E</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Yellow_2G/C2bKGX2S">Yellow 2G</a></td><td>colour (yellow and orange)</td></tr><tr><td>110</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sunset_Yellow_FCF/xNUYqYM0">Sunset Yellow FCF</a></td><td>colour (yellow and orange) (FDA: FD&C Yellow #6)</td></tr><tr><td>111</td><td>?</td><td>E</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Orange_GGN/hwybIgGP">Orange GGN</a>. Delisted</td><td>colour (orange)</td></tr><tr><td>120</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Cochineal/hYkz4pcd">Cochineal</a>, <a href="/facts/Crimson/cNHYwK7e">carmines</a></td><td>colour (red)</td></tr><tr><td>121</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Citrus_red_2/JCXU17gz">Citrus red 2</a>, <a href="/facts/Orcein/vdrhRNjP">Orcein</a>, <a href="/facts/Orchil/vdrhRNjP">Orchil</a></td><td>colour (red)</td></tr><tr><td>122</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Azorubine/zz5khIeN">azorubine</a>, <a href="/facts/Carmoisine/zz5khIeN">carmoisine</a></td><td>colour (red) (FDA: Ext D&C Red #10)</td></tr><tr><td>123</td><td></td><td>E</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Amaranth_(dye)/5Mfbddze">amaranth</a> Delisted</td><td>colour (red) (FDA: [DELISTED] Red #2)</td></tr><tr><td>124</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Brilliant_Scarlet_4R/voQ6yDR9">Brilliant Scarlet 4R</a>, <a href="/facts/Ponceau_4R/voQ6yDR9">Ponceau 4R</a></td><td>colour (FDA: Ext D&C Red #8)</td></tr><tr><td>125</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Ponceau_SX/kkYyogbv">Ponceau SX</a>, <a href="/facts/Scarlet_GN/kkYyogbv">Scarlet GN</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>126</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Ponceau_6R/TCPKfep8">Ponceau 6R</a>. Delisted</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>127</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Erythrosine/7WKvaoLC">erythrosine</a></td><td>colour (red) (FDA: FD&C Red #3)</td></tr><tr><td>128</td><td></td><td>E</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Red_2G/vqjvr8D8">Red 2G</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>129</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Allura_red_AC/AyUcFgvm">Allura red AC</a></td><td>colour (FDA: FD&C Red #40)</td></tr><tr><td>130</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Indanthrene_blue_RS/cqvHI7KT">Indanthrene blue RS</a></td><td>colour (blue)</td></tr><tr><td>131</td><td></td><td>E</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Patent_blue_V/Bcm5Mva6">Patent blue V</a></td><td>colour (blue)</td></tr><tr><td>132</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Indigo_dye/aqC7umcC">indigo carmine</a>, <a href="/facts/Indigo_dye/aqC7umcC">indigotine</a></td><td>colour (blue) (FDA: FD&C Blue #2)</td></tr><tr><td>133</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Brilliant_blue_FCF/DwksYLj7">Brilliant blue FCF</a></td><td>colour (FDA: FD&C Blue #1)</td></tr><tr><td>140</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Chlorophyll/1Sb0NyyM">chlorophylls</a></td><td>colour (green)</td></tr><tr><td>141</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Chlorophyll/1Sb0NyyM">Chlorophylls</a> and <a href="/facts/Chlorophyllin/AzNSuxbl">chlorophyllins</a>, copper complexes</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>141(i)</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Chlorophylls/1Sb0NyyM">Chlorophylls</a>, copper complexes</td><td>colour (green)</td></tr><tr><td>141(ii)</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Chlorophyllin/AzNSuxbl">Chlorophyllins</a>, copper complexes, potassium and sodium salts</td><td>colour (green)</td></tr><tr><td>142</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Green_S/pc8wkNJj">Green S</a></td><td>colour (green)</td></tr><tr><td>143</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Fast_green_FCF/nGq00THC">Fast green FCF</a></td><td>colour (FDA: FD&C Green #3)</td></tr><tr><td>150</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Caramel/oJSGqCQb">Caramels</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>150a</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Caramel_coloring/AwgN4F0e">caramel</a> I – plain</td><td>colour (brown and black)</td></tr><tr><td>150b</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Caramel_coloring/AwgN4F0e">caramel</a> II – <a href="/facts/Sulfite/xdppUlKA">sulfite</a> caramel</td><td>colour (brown and black)</td></tr><tr><td>150c</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Caramel_coloring/AwgN4F0e">caramel</a> III – <a href="/facts/Ammonia/MtLtJFtz">ammonia</a> caramel</td><td>colour (brown and black)</td></tr><tr><td>150d</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Caramel_coloring/AwgN4F0e">caramel</a> IV – sulfite ammonia caramel</td><td>colour (brown and black)</td></tr><tr><td>151</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Brilliant_Black_BN/pyrojsIU">Brilliant Black BN</a> (Black PN)</td><td>colour (brown and black)</td></tr><tr><td>152</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Carbon_black/xmPdCHFp">Carbon black</a></td><td>colour (brown and black)</td></tr><tr><td>153</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Activated_carbon/YAbaXCcb">Vegetable carbon</a></td><td>colour (brown and black)</td></tr><tr><td>154</td><td></td><td>E</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Brown_FK/qItbCukY">Brown FK</a></td><td>colour (brown and black)</td></tr><tr><td>155</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Chocolate_Brown_HT/1KelA1uQ">Chocolate Brown HT</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>160a</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Carotene/oStTcszR">carotenes</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>160a(i)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Beta-carotene/SCre3Wzr">beta-carotene</a>, synthetic</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>160a(ii)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Beta-carotene/SCre3Wzr">beta-carotene</a>, vegetable</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>160a(iii)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Beta-carotene/SCre3Wzr">beta-carotene</a>, <a href="/facts/Blakeslea_trispora/XlaoFtwJ">Blakeslea trispora</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>160a(iv)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Beta-carotene/SCre3Wzr">beta-carotene</a>, <a href="/facts/Algae/U1ftVKU3">algae</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>160b</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Annatto/ma8T1FIc">annatto</a> extracts</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>160b(i)</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Annatto/ma8T1FIc">annatto</a> extracts, <a href="/facts/Bixin/uFzF7koS">bixin</a>-based</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>160b(ii)</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Annatto/ma8T1FIc">annatto</a> extracts, <a href="/facts/Norbixin/uFzF7koS">norbixin</a>-based</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>160c</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Paprika_oleoresin/h2KEHFQ6">paprika oleoresin</a> (paprika extract)</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>160d</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Lycopene/MJdhl8nX">lycopenes</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>160d(i)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Lycopene/MJdhl8nX">lycopene</a>, synthetic</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>160d(ii)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Lycopene/MJdhl8nX">lycopene</a>, tomato</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>160d(iii)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Lycopene/MJdhl8nX">lycopene</a>, <i><a href="/facts/Blakeslea_trispora/XlaoFtwJ">Blakeslea trispora</a></i></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>160e</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Beta-apo-8%27-carotenal/LvUYxJ7q">beta-apo-8'-carotenal</a> (C 30)</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>160f</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Beta-apo-8%27-carotenic_acid_ethyl_ester/WmNG34KF">beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid ethyl ester</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>161a</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Flavoxanthin/0BvAe54Q">flavoxanthin</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>161b</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Lutein/xFCYRzTb">luteins</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>161b(i)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Lutein/xFCYRzTb">lutein</a> from <i><a href="/facts/Tagetes_erecta/C05jGLIQ">Tagetes erecta</a></i></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>161b(ii)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Tagetes_erecta/C05jGLIQ">Tagetes</a> extract</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>161c</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Cryptoxanthin/KC6yzx76">kryptoxanthin</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>161d</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Rubixanthin/Y4krYMtX">rubixanthin</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>161e</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Violaxanthin/pw3TXc1R">violaxanthin</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>161f</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Rhodoxanthin/5NA1SoXa">rhodoxanthin</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>161g</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Canthaxanthin/NeVvjagd">canthaxanthin</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>161h</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Zeaxanthin/QFVJwTbE">zeaxanthins</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>161h(i)</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Zeaxanthin/QFVJwTbE">zeaxanthin</a>, synthetic</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>161h(ii)</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Zeaxanthin/QFVJwTbE">zeaxanthin</a>-rich extract from <i><a href="/facts/Tagetes_erecta/C05jGLIQ">Tagetes erecta</a></i></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>161i</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Citranaxanthin/lwB2h4Ul">citranaxanthin</a>. Delisted</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>161j</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Astaxanthin/2Mxxo5Vh">astaxanthin</a>. Delisted</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>162</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Beet_red/qT58Cuh0">beet red</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>163</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Anthocyanin/eUY12Frv">anthocyanins</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>163(ii)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>Grape skin extract</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>163(iii)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>Blackcurrant extract</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>163(iv)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Purple_corn_colour/79E2tCa7">Purple corn colour</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>163(v)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>Red cabbage colour</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>164</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Gardenia/Dr7wqMDb">Gardenia</a> yellow</td></tr><tr><td>165</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Gardenia/Dr7wqMDb">Gardenia</a> blue</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>166</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sandalwood/VK1E1J75">sandalwood</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>170</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_carbonate/UQ1wLFna">calcium carbonates</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>170(i)</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_carbonate/UQ1wLFna">calcium carbonate</a></td><td>Acidity regulator, <a href="/facts/Anticaking_agent/52z1LnGk">anticaking agent</a>, stabilizer, surface colourant</td></tr><tr><td>170(ii)</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_hydrogen_carbonate/j7rbUvab">calcium hydrogen carbonate</a></td><td>Acidity regulator, anticaking agent, stabilizer, surface colourant</td></tr><tr><td>171</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Titanium_dioxide/T0KWmKcz">titanium dioxide</a></td><td>colour (white)</td></tr><tr><td>172</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Iron_oxide/KDo8hLWn">iron oxides</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>172(i)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Iron_oxide/KDo8hLWn">iron oxide</a>, black</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>172(ii)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Iron_oxide/KDo8hLWn">iron oxide</a>, red</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>172(iii)</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Iron_oxide/KDo8hLWn">iron oxide</a>, yellow</td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>173</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Aluminium/7wmR8jYE">aluminium</a></td><td>colour (silver)</td></tr><tr><td>174</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Silver/xXe41BGg">silver</a></td><td>colour (silver)</td></tr><tr><td>175</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Gold/1znknojp">gold</a></td><td>colour (gold)</td></tr><tr><td>180</td><td></td><td>E</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Lithol_Rubine_BK/ThtHBoRj">Lithol Rubine BK</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>181</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Tannin/vKIvHoTX">tannins</a></td><td>colour, emulsifier, stabiliser, thickener</td></tr><tr><td>182</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Orchil/vdrhRNjP">orchil</a></td><td>colour</td></tr><tr><td>200</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sorbic_acid/2DJHKvjk">sorbic acid</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Preservative/sm1IDmDT">preservative</a></td></tr><tr><td>201</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_sorbate/Kf4HPW1L">sodium sorbate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>202</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_sorbate/gJVblVjF">potassium sorbate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>203</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_sorbate/hswpkRWw">calcium sorbate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>209</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Heptyl_p-hydroxybenzoate/PP6CEh5N">heptyl p-hydroxybenzoate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>210</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Benzoic_acid/7HrmrBYS">benzoic acid</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>211</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_benzoate/pBUQCGht">sodium benzoate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>212</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_benzoate/sEYhh4NU">potassium benzoate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>213</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_benzoate/7NM2GC9c">calcium benzoate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>214</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ethyl_para-hydroxybenzoate/LqX1N0FN">ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>215</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_ethyl_para-hydroxybenzoate/LqX1N0FN">sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>216</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Propylparaben/1bk2jS6F">propylparaben</a> (propyl para-hydroxybenzoate)</td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>217</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_propyl_para-hydroxybenzoate/1bk2jS6F">sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>218</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Methylparaben/pW6fXEYt">methylparaben</a> (methyl para-hydroxybenzoate)</td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>219</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_methyl_para-hydroxybenzoate/hKu0ld8m">sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>220</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sulfur_dioxide/jDK1fIDs">sulfur dioxide</a></td><td>preservative, antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>221</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_sulfite/gaj3QRU7">sodium sulfite</a></td><td>preservative, antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>222</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_bisulfite/PqFC7nwI">sodium bisulfite</a> (sodium hydrogen sulfite)</td><td>preservative, antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>223</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_metabisulfite/QVKmj3uA">sodium metabisulfite</a></td><td>preservative, antioxidant, bleaching agent</td></tr><tr><td>224</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_metabisulfite/MjL9D9VC">potassium metabisulfite</a></td><td>preservative, antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>225</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_sulfite/RJVK8tMB">potassium sulfite</a></td><td>preservative, antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>226</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_sulfite/UGcaQKbT">calcium sulfite</a></td><td>preservative, antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>227</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_bisulfite/zy7pqlW8">calcium bisulfite</a>, <a href="/facts/Calcium_hydrogen_sulfite/zy7pqlW8">calcium hydrogen sulfite</a></td><td>preservative, antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>228</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_bisulfite/hkrfmh9Q">potassium bisulfite</a>, <a href="/facts/Potassium_hydrogen_sulfite/hkrfmh9Q">potassium hydrogen sulfite</a></td><td>preservative, antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>230</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Diphenyl/WWuTjvpd">diphenyl</a> (biphenyl)</td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>231</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Orthophenyl_phenol/Bs62lbag">orthophenyl phenol</a> (2-hydroxybiphenyl)</td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>232</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_orthophenyl_phenol/bqT5pYxI">sodium orthophenyl phenol</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>233</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Thiabendazole/l86d4DBB">thiabendazole</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>234</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Nisin/FVg60XgI">nisin</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>235</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Natamycin/VLjNtCxo">natamycin</a> (pimaricin)</td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>236</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Formic_acid/o6cFsbNc">formic acid</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>237</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_formate/vMooGcHt">sodium formate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>238</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_formate/cUmHDa4X">calcium formate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>239</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Hexamethylene_tetramine/jnFrmG81">hexamethylene tetramine</a> (hexamine)</td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>240</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Formaldehyde/Ck8RLfqk">formaldehyde</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>241</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Gum_guaicum/pC2vAalI">gum guaicum</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>242</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Dimethyl_dicarbonate/go4Uafho">dimethyl dicarbonate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>249</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_nitrite/QqxMeMQ3">potassium nitrite</a></td><td>preservative, colour fixative</td></tr><tr><td>250</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_nitrite/t5p4YpvJ">sodium nitrite</a></td><td>preservative, colour fixative</td></tr><tr><td>251</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_nitrate/8WteItRf">sodium nitrate</a></td><td>preservative, colour fixative</td></tr><tr><td>252</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_nitrate/TycqMdcG">potassium nitrate</a></td><td>preservative, colour fixative</td></tr><tr><td>260</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>glacial <a href="/facts/Acetic_acid/uyBKA2Pd">acetic acid</a></td><td>preservative, acidity regulator</td></tr><tr><td>261</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_acetate/IWfDK0HV">potassium acetates</a></td><td>preservative, acidity regulator</td></tr><tr><td>262</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_acetate/CU1Yc8Jp">sodium acetate</a>, <a href="/facts/Sodium_hydrogen_acetate/dM15lA70">sodium hydrogen acetate</a></td><td>preservative, acidity regulator</td></tr><tr><td>263</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_acetate/d0ply2tV">calcium acetate</a></td><td>preservative, acidity regulator</td></tr><tr><td>264</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ammonium_acetate/bs2fv321">ammonium acetate</a></td><td>preservative, acidity regulator</td></tr><tr><td>265</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Dehydroacetic_acid/AvSQRBnS">dehydroacetic acid</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>266</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_dehydroacetate/PT6omW5T">sodium dehydroacetate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>270</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Lactic_acid/BsVRFx7s">lactic acid</a></td><td>acidity regulator, preservative, antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>280</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Propionic_acid/ugBEw0Ia">propionic acid</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>281</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_propionate/EpfDgWRU">sodium propionate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>282</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_propionate/Fg1lyNVY">calcium propionate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>283</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_propionate/HqK1L7eQ">potassium propionate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>284</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Boric_acid/0so68XIK">boric acid</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>285</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_tetraborate/IQrXRJ3N">sodium tetraborate</a>, <a href="/facts/Borax/IQrXRJ3N">borax</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>290</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Carbon_dioxide/xGzpppEp">carbon dioxide</a></td><td>acidity regulator, propellant</td></tr><tr><td>296</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Malic_acid/mSbExe77">malic acid</a></td><td>acidity regulator</td></tr><tr><td>297</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Fumaric_acid/VDecBfLQ">fumaric acid</a></td><td>acidity regulator</td></tr><tr><td>300</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ascorbic_acid/IA2f1fTm">ascorbic acid</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Antioxidant/4TG4MQ83">antioxidant</a> (water-soluble)</td></tr><tr><td>301</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ascorbic_acid/IA2f1fTm">sodium ascorbate</a></td><td>antioxidant (water-soluble)</td></tr><tr><td>302</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ascorbic_acid/IA2f1fTm">calcium ascorbate</a></td><td>antioxidant (water-soluble)</td></tr><tr><td>303</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ascorbic_acid/IA2f1fTm">potassium ascorbate</a></td><td>antioxidant (water-soluble)</td></tr><tr><td>304</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ascorbyl_palmitate/jYYVxawM">ascorbyl palmitate</a>, <a href="/facts/Ascorbyl_stearate/Eg2h0SpU">ascorbyl stearate</a></td><td>antioxidant (fat soluble)</td></tr><tr><td>307</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Tocopherol/3cFB6LDc">tocopherols</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>307a</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Alpha-Tocopherol/282DKPjz">l-alpha-tocopherol</a></td><td>antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>307b</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>mixed <a href="/facts/Tocopherol/3cFB6LDc">tocopherol</a> concentrate</td><td>antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>307c</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Dl-alpha-tocopherol/3cFB6LDc">dl-alpha-tocopherol</a></td><td>antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>308</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Gamma-tocopherol/Cskx4L5a">gamma-tocopherol</a>(synthetic)</td><td>antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>309</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Delta-tocopherol/4JvHUogy">delta-tocopherol</a>(synthetic)</td><td>antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>310</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Propyl_gallate/ICC7U6GV">propyl gallate</a></td><td>antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>311</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Octyl_gallate/0wsWaVCd">octyl gallate</a></td><td>antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>312</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Dodecyl_gallate/SsxMaI0X">dodecyl gallate</a></td><td>antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>315</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Erythorbic_acid/a75AB6yf">erythorbic acid</a></td><td>antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>316</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_erythorbate/sJMjH6pN">sodium erythorbate</a></td><td>antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>317</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Erythorbin_acid/a75AB6yf">erythorbin acid</a></td><td>antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>318</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>U</td><td>sodium erythorbin</td><td>antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>319</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Tert-butylhydroquinone/g10z6DtV">tert-butylhydroquinone</a></td><td>antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>320</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Butylated_hydroxyanisole/aUBA5Cs3">butylated hydroxyanisole</a> (BHA)</td><td>antioxidant (fat soluble)</td></tr><tr><td>321</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Butylated_hydroxytoluene/Td6ctev7">butylated hydroxytoluene</a> (BHT)</td><td>antioxidant (fat soluble)</td></tr><tr><td>322</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Lecithin/RNfeGIJ2">lecithins</a></td><td>antioxidant, <a href="/facts/Emulsifier/YMSqSCuH">emulsifier</a></td></tr><tr><td>325</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_lactate/Az7FWWWw">sodium lactate</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>326</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_lactate/Db3TTz77">potassium lactate</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>327</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_lactate/oDPwyaIj">calcium lactate</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>328</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ammonium_lactate/NMpzmWQY">ammonium lactate</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>329</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Magnesium_lactate/Ky5mj9I2">magnesium lactate</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>330</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Citric_acid/EgKGQBdl">citric acid</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>331</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_citrate/HMXzcwQM">sodium citrates</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>332</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_citrate/7DaeyhHT">potassium citrates</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>333</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_citrate/CCklQEor">calcium citrates</a></td><td>food acid, firming agent</td></tr><tr><td>334</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>L(+)-<a href="/facts/Tartaric_acid/GbRWxTz4">tartaric acid</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>335</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_tartrate/xkNrAjN9">sodium tartrates</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>336</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_tartrate/r9aGfPbl">potassium tartrates</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>337</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_sodium_tartrate/EeyCFmhJ">potassium sodium tartrate</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>338</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Phosphoric_acid/l6NbwyCv">phosphoric acid</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>339</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Trisodium_phosphate/ho0E4DcI">sodium phosphates</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Mineral/LkUFbNmv">mineral</a> <a href="/facts/Salt_(chemistry)/lsSKwGpn">salt</a></td></tr><tr><td>340</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_phosphate/yUNVYzYc">potassium phosphates</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>341</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_phosphate/tn03xvdb">calcium phosphates</a></td><td>mineral salt, anti-caking agent, firming agent</td></tr><tr><td>342</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ammonium_phosphate/SAr9wdvW">ammonium phosphates</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>343</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Magnesium_phosphate/fxXVb1xB">magnesium phosphates</a></td><td>mineral salt, anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>344</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Lecithin_citrate/WkvBjr1W">lecithin citrate</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>345</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Magnesium_citrate/a96acJgM">magnesium citrate</a></td><td>acidity regulator</td></tr><tr><td>349</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ammonium_malate/7Nn5g6Nd">ammonium malate</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>350</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_malate/RP8NysGU">sodium malates</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>351</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_malate/yPuECD7A">potassium malate</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>352</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_malate/9WqUPfSe">calcium malates</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>353</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Metatartaric_acid/1WzlvCQn">metatartaric acid</a></td><td>food acid, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>354</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_tartrate/MhvQd7Dm">calcium tartrate</a></td><td>food acid, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>355</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Adipic_acid/8l8ahlDC">adipic acid</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>356</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_adipate/0NJLeayv">sodium adipate</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>357</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_adipate/vSAbtNTp">potassium adipate</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>359</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ammonium_adipate/9aWchy4j">ammonium adipates</a></td><td>acidity regulator</td></tr><tr><td>363</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Succinic_acid/v3KJqrQC">succinic acid</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>364</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_succinate/v3KJqrQC">sodium succinates</a></td><td>acidity regulator, flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>365</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_fumarate/8basr9ju">sodium fumarate</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>366</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_fumarate/e6QEnh7u">potassium fumarate</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>367</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_fumarate/WjVTJTkd">calcium fumarate</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>368</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ammonium_fumarate/L0PlDna0">ammonium fumarate</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>370</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td>1,4-heptonolactone</td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>375</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Niacin_(substance)/UAAqPpk6">niacin</a> (nicotinic acid), <a href="/facts/Nicotinamide/5GQcLC5K">nicotinamide</a> (vitamin B3)</td><td>colour retention agent</td></tr><tr><td>380</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Triammonium_citrate/bSQgJhce">triammonium citrate</a></td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>381</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ferric_ammonium_citrate/cjID56aS">ferric ammonium citrate</a>, ammonium ferrocitrate</td><td>food acid</td></tr><tr><td>384</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td>isopropyl citrates</td><td>antioxidant, preservative</td></tr><tr><td>385</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_disodium_EDTA/XvHgKQyD">calcium disodium EDTA</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>386</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Disodium_ethylenediaminetetraacetate/XvHgKQyD">disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate</a></td><td>antioxidant, preservative</td></tr><tr><td>387</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td>oxystearin</td><td>antioxidant, sequestrant</td></tr><tr><td>388</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td>thiodipropionic acid</td><td>antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>389</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td>dilauryl thiodipropionate</td><td>antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>390</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td>distearyl thiodipropionate</td><td>antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>391</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Phytic_acid/qkmaLQ85">phytic acid</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>399</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_lactobionate/DQ7cb67j">calcium lactobionate</a></td><td>stabilizer</td></tr><tr><td>400</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Alginic_acid/qt8udetb">alginic acid</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>401</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_alginate/qt8udetb">sodium alginate</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>402</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_alginate/qt8udetb">potassium alginate</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>403</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ammonium_alginate/gBFMWWab">ammonium alginate</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>404</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_alginate/E44AQvtJ">calcium alginate</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>405</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Propylene_glycol_alginate/ewGJA2N4">propylene glycol alginate</a>, <a href="/facts/Propane-1,2-diol_alginate/ewGJA2N4">propane-1,2-diol alginate</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>406</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Agar/YancWqMm">agar</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent</td></tr><tr><td>407</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Carrageenan/ERFs8f0w">carrageenan</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>407a</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>processed <a href="/facts/Eucheuma/Rsv2NlbS">eucheuma</a> seaweed</td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>409</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Arabinogalactan/oWxtyBwA">arabinogalactan</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>410</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Locust_bean_gum/dqxl6h1I">locust bean gum</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>412</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Guar_gum/Q7BLEnAd">guar gum</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer</td></tr><tr><td>413</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Tragacanth/5aQQG9Iu">tragacanth</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>414</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Gum_acacia/8EA0ooeL">gum acacia</a>, <a href="/facts/Gum_arabic/8EA0ooeL">gum arabic</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>415</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Xanthan_gum/XIhgrL7z">xanthan gum</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer</td></tr><tr><td>416</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Karaya_gum/wqsL7C4R">karaya gum</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>417</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Tara_gum/ada2Smu1">tara gum</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer</td></tr><tr><td>418</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Gellan_gum/5zKox702">gellan gum</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>420</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sorbitol/LA9MsjYb">sorbitol</a></td><td>humectant, emulsifier, sweetener</td></tr><tr><td>421</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Mannitol/CeHJsKMq">mannitol</a></td><td>humectant, anti-caking agent, sweetener</td></tr><tr><td>422</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Glycerin/sRQ6NBQQ">glycerin</a></td><td>humectant, sweetener</td></tr><tr><td>425</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Konjac/jSeS6HCT">konjac</a>, <a href="/facts/Konjac_gum/jSeS6HCT">konjac gum</a>, konjac glucomannate</td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>428</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Gelatin/RDeVU6HT">gelatin</a>, gelatine (not classified as an additive)</td><td>carrier, emulsifier, gelling agent, stabiliser, thickener</td></tr><tr><td>430</td><td></td><td>?</td><td>U</td><td>polyoxyethylene (8) stearate</td><td>emulsifier, stabilizer</td></tr><tr><td>431</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>polyoxyethylene (40) stearate</td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>432</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Polysorbate_20/EPgMJa2R">polysorbate 20</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>433</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Polysorbate_80/An1dVFSs">polysorbate 80</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>434</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Polysorbate_40/96DPmuBx">polysorbate 40</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>435</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Polysorbate_60/96DPmuBx">polysorbate 60</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>436</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Polysorbate_65/96DPmuBx">polysorbate 65</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>440</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Pectin/nQF6T0Q7">pectin</a></td><td>vegetable gum, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>441</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td>Superglycerinated hydrogenated rapeseed oil, Hydrogenated rapeseed oil superglycerinated, Superglycerinated fully hydrogenated rapeseed oil</td><td><a href="/facts/Emulsifier/YMSqSCuH">Emulsifier</a></td></tr><tr><td>442</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Mixed_ammonium_salts_of_phosphorylated_glycerides/0bx2sFGR">Mixed ammonium salts of phosphorylated glyceridess</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>443</td><td>?</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Brominated_vegetable_oil/cyVuzf2A">brominated vegetable oil</a></td><td>emulsifier, stabiliser</td></tr><tr><td>444</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sucrose_acetate_isobutyrate/MgXQjmjv">sucrose acetate isobutyrate</a></td><td>emulsifier, stabiliser</td></tr><tr><td>445</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Glycerol_esters_of_wood_rosins/rsUvz6Wd">glycerol esters of wood rosins</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>450</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Diphosphate/L9FPEkhF">diphosphates</a></td><td>mineral salt, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>451</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Triphosphate/f4ykkLuK">triphosphates</a></td><td>mineral salt, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>452</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Polyphosphate/f4ykkLuK">polyphosphates</a></td><td>mineral salt, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>459</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Cyclodextrin/Ek2deqhM">beta-cyclodextrin</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>460</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>powdered <a href="/facts/Cellulose/wYPafTU0">cellulose</a>, microcrystalline cellulose</td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>461</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Methylcellulose/CFP7t9MP">methylcellulose</a></td><td>thickener, emulsifier, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>463</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Hydroxypropyl_cellulose/hUzzcku7">hydroxypropyl cellulose</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>464</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Hydroxypropyl_methylcellulose/E5FfXyde">hydroxypropyl methylcellulose</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>465</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Methyl_ethyl_cellulose/VrlNUkFV">methyl ethyl cellulose</a>, <a href="/facts/Ethyl_methyl_cellulose/VrlNUkFV">ethyl methyl cellulose</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>466</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_carboxymethylcellulose/H9FqsRDv">sodium carboxymethylcellulose</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>468</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td>crosslinked <a href="/facts/Sodium_carboxymethylcellulose/H9FqsRDv">sodium carboxymethylcellulose</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>469</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td>enzymatically hydrolyzed <a href="/facts/Carboxymethyl_cellulose/H9FqsRDv">carboxymethyl cellulose</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>470</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Magnesium_stearate/55JQEh13">magnesium stearate</a></td><td>emulsifier, stabiliser</td></tr><tr><td>470a</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids</td><td>emulsifier, stabiliser, anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>470b</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>magnesium salts of fatty acids</td><td>emulsifier, stabiliser, anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>471</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>mono- and diglycerides of <a href="/facts/Fatty_acid/JGg3erIu">fatty acids</a> – <a href="/facts/Glyceryl_monostearate/HmuWYn3K">glyceryl monostearate</a>, glyceryl distearate</td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>472a</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids</td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>472b</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids</td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>472c</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids</td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>472d</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids</td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>472e</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/DATEM/rGEDEVyC">diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>472f</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids</td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>473</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>sucrose esters of fatty acids</td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>474</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sucroglyceride/IYroe4P6">sucroglycerides</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>475</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>polyglycerol esters of fatty acids</td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>476</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Polyglycerol_polyricinoleate/dDHXxabl">polyglycerol polyricinoleate</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>477</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>propylene glycol esters of fatty acids</td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>478</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>U</td><td>lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propylene glycol</td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>479b</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>thermally oxidised soya bean oil</td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>480</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Dioctyl_sodium_sulfosuccinate/FIgk6xSy">dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>481</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_stearoyl_lactylate/fjEds2lE">sodium stearoyl lactylate</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>482</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_stearoyl_lactylate/IgnuSTxo">calcium stearoyl lactylate</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>483</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>stearyl tartarate</td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>491</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sorbitan_monostearate/7KVDqb1a">sorbitan monostearate</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>492</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sorbitan_tristearate/eXJSbHSq">sorbitan tristearate</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>493</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sorbitan_monolaurate/aAkTy2Dm">sorbitan monolaurate</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>494</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sorbitan_monooleate/4aNm0Uck">sorbitan monooleate</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>495</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sorbitan_monopalmitate/ckQIn8Y0">sorbitan monopalmitate</a></td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>500</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_carbonate/P6RHvIoK">sodium carbonate</a>, <a href="/facts/Sodium_bicarbonate/S9oSol0R">sodium bicarbonate (E500ii)</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>501</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_carbonate/nLvuwSaT">potassium carbonate</a>, <a href="/facts/Potassium_bicarbonate/fpdHjk3N">potassium bicarbonate</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>503</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ammonium_carbonate/UjMdwbTv">ammonium carbonate</a>, <a href="/facts/Ammonium_bicarbonate/NKAfhKEp">ammonium bicarbonate</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>504</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Magnesium_carbonate/ymvhw5R8">magnesium carbonate</a></td><td>anti-caking agent, mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>507</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Hydrochloric_acid/HqItJlUT">hydrochloric acid</a></td><td>acidity regulator</td></tr><tr><td>508</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_chloride/RgT2MdPa">potassium chloride</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>509</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_chloride/e1EwNPGF">calcium chloride</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>510</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ammonium_chloride/SfXdntlv">ammonium chloride</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>511</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Magnesium_chloride/uk1f69LG">magnesium chloride</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>512</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Tin(II)_chloride/4TdjMLEk">stannous chloride</a></td><td>colour retention agent, antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>513</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sulfuric_acid/Wom6fymJ">sulfuric acid</a></td><td>acidity regulator</td></tr><tr><td>514</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_sulfate/KWzpxTmj">sodium sulfate</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>515</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_sulfate/amB6UMaI">potassium sulfate</a></td><td>mineral salt, seasoning</td></tr><tr><td>516</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_sulfate/mTD8oGaH">calcium sulfate</a></td><td>flour treatment agent, mineral salt, sequestrant, improving agent, firming agent</td></tr><tr><td>517</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ammonium_sulfate/9vtbmLww">ammonium sulfate</a></td><td>mineral salt, improving agent</td></tr><tr><td>518</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Magnesium_sulfate/o3GwKEoQ">magnesium sulfate</a>, <a href="/facts/Epsom_salts/o3GwKEoQ">Epsom salts</a></td><td>mineral salt, acidity regulator, firming agent</td></tr><tr><td>519</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Cupric_sulfate/Ya6fPoQe">cupric sulfate</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>520</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Aluminium_sulfate/Jz6FlVb5">aluminium sulfate</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>521</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Aluminium_sodium_sulfate/VV0Xr94D">aluminium sodium sulfate</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>522</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Aluminium_potassium_sulfate/c3NCJCa9">aluminium potassium sulfate</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>523</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Aluminium_ammonium_sulfate/XNyYBFJ3">aluminium ammonium sulfate</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>524</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_hydroxide/xjtdYtq7">sodium hydroxide</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>525</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_hydroxide/NBhPBuXc">potassium hydroxide</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>526</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_hydroxide/Kz2KzRd8">calcium hydroxide</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>527</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ammonium_hydroxide/pRg1m03X">ammonium hydroxide</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>528</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Magnesium_hydroxide/0hKR5Ica">magnesium hydroxide</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>529</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_oxide/Wh9C8l7j">calcium oxide</a></td><td>mineral salt</td></tr><tr><td>530</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Magnesium_oxide/0GfLn47t">magnesium oxide</a></td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>535</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_ferrocyanide/HDBVu6ME">sodium ferrocyanide</a></td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>536</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_ferrocyanide/YpSC26qS">potassium ferrocyanide</a></td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>538</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_ferrocyanide/pbK6azdm">calcium ferrocyanide</a></td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>540</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Dicalcium_diphosphate/AgHPuCpV">dicalcium diphosphate</a></td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>541</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_aluminium_phosphate/B6K7NE7B">sodium aluminium phosphate</a></td><td>acidity regulator, emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>542</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td>bone phosphate</td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>544</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td>calcium polyphosphates</td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>545</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ammonium_polyphosphate/r8jhNxpb">ammonium polyphosphates</a></td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>551</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Silicon_dioxide/A3WILp6J">silicon dioxide</a></td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>552</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_silicate/SmGFop2N">calcium silicate</a></td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>553(i)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td>A<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td>E<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></td><td>U</td><td>magnesium silicate, synthetic<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>553b</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Talc/9sUSo6rA">talc</a></td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>554</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_aluminosilicate/1kQPsJHR">sodium aluminosilicate</a> (sodium aluminium silicate)</td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>555</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_aluminium_silicate/E4vnMEVc">potassium aluminium silicate</a></td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>556</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_aluminosilicate/fqKYYxke">calcium aluminosilicate</a> (calcium aluminium silicate)</td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>558</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Bentonite/N9Hb8lX9">bentonite</a></td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>559</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Kaolin/N7D6K65q">kaolin</a>, <a href="/facts/Aluminium_silicate/kmhQYeA7">aluminium silicate</a></td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>570</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Stearic_acid/ajnXYFo9">stearic acid</a></td><td>anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>575</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Glucono_delta-lactone/050TxmzD">glucono delta-lactone</a></td><td>acidity regulator</td></tr><tr><td>576</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium_gluconate/omlKKHVc">sodium gluconate</a></td><td>stabiliser</td></tr><tr><td>577</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_gluconate/WbkcFYmY">potassium gluconate</a></td><td>stabiliser</td></tr><tr><td>578</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_gluconate/ErtaRtbU">calcium gluconate</a></td><td>acidity regulator</td></tr><tr><td>579</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ferrous_gluconate/I8zmyMYS">ferrous gluconate</a></td><td>colour retention agent</td></tr><tr><td>585</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ferrous_lactate/yQPcEbuw">ferrous lactate</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>620</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Glutamic_acid/7oXbNcvu">glutamic acid</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>621</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Monosodium_glutamate/cADzIYgU">monosodium glutamate</a> (MSG)</td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>622</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Monopotassium_glutamate/16MJD2GX">monopotassium glutamate</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>623</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_diglutamate/GHJsYzoD">calcium diglutamate</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>624</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Monoammonium_glutamate/AuAsSKfT">monoammonium glutamate</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>625</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Magnesium_diglutamate/enkVm4sP">magnesium diglutamate</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>626</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Guanylic_acid/ex8VI4dR">guanylic acid</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>627</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Disodium_guanylate/l8sme0uT">disodium guanylate</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>628</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Dipotassium_guanylate/aBWStfMq">dipotassium guanylate</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>629</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_guanylate/cVHcTerx">calcium guanylate</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>630</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Inosinic_acid/V3IevdQz">inosinic acid</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>631</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Disodium_inosinate/UCLkA8zT">disodium inosinate</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>632</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Dipotassium_inosinate/UCLkA8zT">dipotassium inosinate</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>633</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_inosinate/2A8hskjG">calcium inosinate</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>634</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium_5%27-ribonucleotides/hUGNABmS">calcium 5'-ribonucleotides</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>635</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Disodium_5%27-ribonucleotides/QzLSaYGH">disodium 5'-ribonucleotides</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>636</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Maltol/kaEbnDA4">maltol</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>637</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Ethyl_maltol/1wc24HB3">ethyl maltol</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>640</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Glycine/3nXI1hqW">glycine</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>641</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Leucine/X7YrkvA5">leucine</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>650</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Zinc_acetate/x8rGpQk1">zinc acetate</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>900</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Dimethylpolysiloxane/2lPYh00F">dimethylpolysiloxane</a></td><td>emulsifier, anti-caking agent</td></tr><tr><td>901</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Beeswax/dLxg45jP">beeswax</a></td><td>glazing agent</td></tr><tr><td>902</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Candelilla_wax/EEGyb3yM">candelilla wax</a></td><td>glazing agent</td></tr><tr><td>903</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Carnauba_wax/I4vlabR6">carnauba wax</a></td><td>glazing agent</td></tr><tr><td>904</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Shellac/VNRrGF0r">shellac</a></td><td>glazing agent</td></tr><tr><td>905</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Paraffin_wax/11Dyraqg">paraffins</a></td><td>glazing agent</td></tr><tr><td>907</td><td></td><td></td><td>U</td><td>refined microcrystalline wax</td><td>glazing agent</td></tr><tr><td>912</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>montanic acid esters</td><td>humectant</td></tr><tr><td>914</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>oxidised polyethylene wax</td><td>humectant</td></tr><tr><td>920</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/L-cysteine/kbqvUm6d">L-cysteine</a></td><td>flour treatment agent</td></tr><tr><td>924</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium_bromate/UQfYootS">potassium bromate</a></td><td>flour treatment agent</td></tr><tr><td>925</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Chlorine/y27UwYBM">chlorine</a></td><td>flour treatment agent</td></tr><tr><td>926</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Chlorine_dioxide/1K7ybEdW">chlorine dioxide</a></td><td>flour treatment agent</td></tr><tr><td>927b</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Carbamide/6j84AoCG">carbamide</a></td><td>flour treatment agent</td></tr><tr><td>928</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Benzoyl_peroxide/8EowDfnH">benzoyl peroxide</a></td><td>flour treatment agent</td></tr><tr><td>938</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Argon/QX6NRH6d">argon</a></td><td>propellant</td></tr><tr><td>939</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Helium/yRul93TG">helium</a></td><td>propellant</td></tr><tr><td>941</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Nitrogen/Nf1QpGDz">nitrogen</a></td><td>propellant</td></tr><tr><td>942</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Nitrous_oxide/Jvys91lI">nitrous oxide</a></td><td>propellant</td></tr><tr><td>943a</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Butane/InIHpYlY">butane</a></td><td>propellant</td></tr><tr><td>943b</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Isobutane/Bd8H7rsH">isobutane</a></td><td>propellant</td></tr><tr><td>950</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Acesulfame_potassium/okrKqex7">Acesulfame potassium</a></td><td>artificial sweetener</td></tr><tr><td>951</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Aspartame/KQL62MUN">aspartame</a></td><td>artificial sweetener</td></tr><tr><td>952</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Cyclamic_acid/lWwlpxhB">cyclamic acid</a>, <a href="/facts/Cyclamate/lwV7zYcy">cyclamates</a></td><td>artificial sweetener</td></tr><tr><td>953</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Isomalt/9Ds4jte7">isomalt</a></td><td>humectant</td></tr><tr><td>954</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Saccharin/PCIjSpIh">saccharin</a></td><td>artificial sweetener</td></tr><tr><td>955</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Sucralose/5y1hz710">sucralose</a></td><td>artificial sweetener</td></tr><tr><td>956</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Alitame/8GndQAEd">alitame</a></td><td>artificial sweetener</td></tr><tr><td>957</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Thaumatin/ytpkDdUs">thaumatin</a></td><td>flavour enhancer, artificial sweetener</td></tr><tr><td>959</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Neohesperidin_dihydrochalcone/3f1dVPwj">neohesperidin dihydrochalcone</a></td><td>artificial sweetener</td></tr><tr><td>965</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Maltitol/rlCf1oKI">maltitol</a></td><td>humectant, stabiliser</td></tr><tr><td>966</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Lactitol/tQxpsPtq">lactitol</a></td><td>humectant</td></tr><tr><td>967</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Xylitol/zEndobzK">xylitol</a></td><td>humectant, stabiliser</td></tr><tr><td>999</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Quillaia/wSDHx5Ty">quillaia</a> extract</td><td>humectant</td></tr><tr><td>1001</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Choline/wf9EVzfx">choline</a> salts and esters</td><td>emulsifier</td></tr><tr><td>1100</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Amylase/H1MPNNVL">amylases</a></td><td>flour treatment agent</td></tr><tr><td>1102</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Glucose_oxidase/6MM8Fmf8">glucose oxidase</a></td><td>antioxidant</td></tr><tr><td>1103</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Invertase/hNCIhAK6">invertase</a></td><td>?</td></tr><tr><td>1104</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Lipase/nPgIyNBS">lipases</a></td><td>flavour enhancer</td></tr><tr><td>1105</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Lysozyme/VQqTSbFS">lysozyme</a></td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>1200</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Polydextrose/7WYYd6xI">polydextrose</a></td><td>humectant</td></tr><tr><td>1201</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Poly_vinyl_pyrrolidone/lacTojoU">poly vinyl pyrrolidone</a></td><td>?</td></tr><tr><td>1202</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone/t3FCfffb">polyvinylpolypyrrolidone</a></td><td>colour stabiliser</td></tr><tr><td>1400</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Dextrin/UoSMwq9y">dextrin</a> roasted starch</td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>1401</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Acid_treated_starch/4l0TBfhl">acid treated starch</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>1402</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td>alkaline treated starch</td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>1403</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td>bleached starch</td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>1404</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>oxidised starch</td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>1405</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>U</td><td>enzyme treated starch</td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>1410</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Monostarch_phosphate/XE7Lgayc">monostarch phosphate</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>1412</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Distarch_phosphate/Rt0bd1RH">distarch phosphate</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>1413</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Phosphated_distarch_phosphate/EHUYL3W1">phosphated distarch phosphate</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>1414</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Acetylated_distarch_phosphate/f9cMPkFP">acetylated distarch phosphate</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>1420</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Acetylated_starch/yWkRMJB9">acetylated starch</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>1422</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Acetylated_distarch_adipate/1BeydBdQ">acetylated distarch adipate</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>1440</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Hydroxypropyl_starch/GWTFFeuX">hydroxypropyl starch</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>1442</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Hydroxypropyl_distarch_phosphate/L4eaHCkL">hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>1450</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>starch sodium octenylsuccinate</td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>1451</td><td></td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td>acetylated oxidised starch</td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>1505</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Triethyl_citrate/9eCEArS6">triethyl citrate</a></td><td>thickener, vegetable gum</td></tr><tr><td>1510</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Ethanol/3lCLfBSP">ethanol</a> (not classified as an additive)</td><td><a href="/facts/Alcohol_(chemistry)/Y0SCTDkh">alcohol</a></td></tr><tr><td>1518</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Triacetin/UP5hvK5z">triacetin</a></td><td>humectant</td></tr><tr><td>1520</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Propylene_glycol/vVGdx32R">propylene glycol</a></td><td>humectant</td></tr><tr><td>1521</td><td>A</td><td>E</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Polyethylene_glycol/tC7xBFwr">Polyethylene glycol</a></td><td>antifoaming agent</td></tr><tr><th rowspan="2">INS # </th><th colspan="3">Approvals </th><th rowspan="2">Names</th><th rowspan="2">Type</th></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Food portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Codex_Alimentarius/tGogRU8m">Codex Alimentarius</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Codex_Alimentarius_Austriacus/8xh8ascQ">Codex Alimentarius Austriacus</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/E_number/n3VSY29I">E number</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Food_additive/jGk8zjn8">Food Additives</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Federal_Food,_Drug,_and_Cosmetic_Act/2WIHtPjC">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Food_Chemicals_Codex/Dt40U29S">Food Chemicals Codex</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_food_additives/TmKfgksH">List of food additives</a></li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/standards/gsfa/en/">Codex Alimentarius</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171127010303/http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/standards/gsfa/en/">Archived</a> 2017-11-27 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031108024135/http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/mediareleasespublications/publications/shoppersguide/index.cfm">Food Standards Australia New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.faia.org.uk/">Food Additives and Ingredients Association</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.x-sitez.com/allergy/additives/">Northern Allergy Centre's Guide to Food Additives</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060818132159/http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/colorfac.html">USFDA: Food Color Facts</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Class Names and the International Numbering System for Food Additives", CAC/GL 36-1989, in 1989, Revision 2008. Last amendment 2011. Published by Codex Alimentarius <a href="http://www.codexalimentarius.org/standards/list-of-standards/en/" target="_blank">http://www.codexalimentarius.org/standards/list-of-standards/en/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Class Names and the International Numbering System for Food Additives", CAC/GL 36-1989, in 1989, Revision 2008. Last amendment 2011. Published by Codex Alimentarius <a href="http://www.codexalimentarius.org/standards/list-of-standards/en/" target="_blank">http://www.codexalimentarius.org/standards/list-of-standards/en/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"CLASS NAMES AND THE INTERNATIONAL NUMBERING SYSTEM FOR FOOD ADDITIVES" (PDF). www.fao.org. Retrieved 2019-01-08. <a href="http://www.fao.org/tempref/codex/Meetings/CCFAC/ccfac32/INS_e.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.fao.org/tempref/codex/Meetings/CCFAC/ccfac32/INS_e.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers <a href="http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist" target="_blank">http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Food Standards Australia data is wrong New Zealand (2009). "Food Additives — Numerical List". foodstandards.gov.au. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009. Retrieved 3 May 2009. <a href="/wiki/Food_Standards_Australia_New_Zealand" target="_blank">/wiki/Food_Standards_Australia_New_Zealand</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Food Standards Australia—New Zealand (2009). "Food additives — Alphabetical list". Australia: foodstandards.gov.au. Archived from the original on 16 May 2009. Retrieved 3 May 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) <a href="/wiki/Food_Standards_Australia_New_Zealand" target="_blank">/wiki/Food_Standards_Australia_New_Zealand</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Food Additives DB (GSFA Online) | CODEXALIMENTARIUS FAO-WHO". <a href="https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/" target="_blank">https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Additives". <a href="https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/additives/additiveoverview/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank">https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/additives/additiveoverview/Pages/default.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Food Additive Status List". FDA. 25 August 2022. <a href="https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list" target="_blank">https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Food Additives DB (GSFA Online) | CODEXALIMENTARIUS FAO-WHO". <a href="https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/" target="_blank">https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>