Arthur Whitney (computer scientist)

<h2 id="career">Career</h2>
Whitney studied <a href="/facts/Pure_mathematics/V29nQC1C">pure mathematics</a> at the graduate level at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Toronto/FpGjQNm9">University of Toronto</a> in the early 1980s. He then worked at <a href="/facts/Stanford_University/JEQeF9z2">Stanford University</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> He was first exposed to APL when he was 11 by its inventor, Ken Iverson, a family friend.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> He later worked extensively with APL, first at <a href="/facts/I._P._Sharp_Associates/cxfVTQ9d">I. P. Sharp Associates</a> alongside <a href="/facts/Kenneth_E._Iverson/2K4c4hsh">Ken Iverson</a> and <a href="/facts/Roger_Hui/bsYdkhWv">Roger Hui</a> among others. Whitney is recognized as having had an "enduring and significant influence on APL"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> and he co-authored papers with both Ken Iverson and Roger Hui.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a> He also wrote the initial prototype of <a href="/facts/J_(programming_language)/EdIVMBj7">J</a>, a terse and macro-heavy single page of code, in one afternoon, which then served as the model for J implementor, Roger Hui, and was responsible for suggesting the <a href="/facts/Rank_(J_programming_language)/m8nKRhkj">rank</a> operators in J.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> In 1988, Whitney began working at <a href="/facts/Morgan_Stanley/7obWgtJF">Morgan Stanley</a> developing financial applications.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> At Morgan Stanley, Whitney developed A+<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> to facilitate migrating APL applications from <a href="/facts/IBM/QszA7nwd">IBM</a> <a href="/facts/Mainframe_computer/nrBR6rWa">mainframe computers</a> to a network of <a href="/facts/Sun_Microsystems/VJ9EzEFd">Sun Microsystems</a> <a href="/facts/Sun_Microsystems/VJ9EzEFd">workstations</a>. A+ had a smaller set of primitive functions and was designed for speed, and to handle large sets of time series data.
In 1993, Whitney left Morgan Stanley and co-founded <a href="/facts/Kx_Systems/2tRh8P8s">Kx Systems</a> with Janet Lustgarten, to commercialize his k programming language.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a> According to Paul Ford's 2015 <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-paul-ford-what-is-code/">cover-story</a> for Businessweek, k is a programming language that is "famous for its brevity." The company signed an exclusive agreement with <a href="/facts/Union_Bank_of_Switzerland/zB0IyxbK">Union Bank of Switzerland</a> and Whitney developed a variety of trading applications using k until the contract expired. At the outset of the contract Whitney developed the kdb database built on k.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> In 2003, Kx Systems released <a href="/facts/Q_(programming_language_from_Kx_Systems)/fz0gssCA">q</a>, a new vector language that built upon k and the kdb+ database developed by Whitney.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a>
In 2018, First Derivatives bought out Whitney and Lustgarten's minority shares of Kx Systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> Whitney and Lustgarten then founded Shakti.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a>
The Shakti platform has a small memory footprint, and allows for fast deployment and processing of distributed elastic workloads. It can work with all kinds of datasets, including numerical, temporal and text data, whether structured or not.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://shakti.com">Official website</a>, Shakti</li>
<li><a href="http://www.kx.com">Official website</a>, Kx Systems</li>
<li><a href="http://www.jsoftware.com">Official website</a>, Jsoftware</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"A Conversation with Arthur Whitney". ACM Queue. April 20, 2009. Retrieved June 1, 2016. <a href="http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1531242" target="_blank">http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1531242</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"A Conversation with Arthur Whitney". ACM Queue. April 20, 2009. Retrieved June 1, 2016. <a href="http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1531242" target="_blank">http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1531242</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"A Conversation with Arthur Whitney". ACM Queue. April 20, 2009. Retrieved June 1, 2016. <a href="http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1531242" target="_blank">http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1531242</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"An Interview With Arthur Whitney, Kx CEO and Developer of Kx Technology". Kx Systems. January 4, 2004. Retrieved June 1, 2016. <a href="https://kx.com/arthur-interview.php" target="_blank">https://kx.com/arthur-interview.php</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"A Conversation with Arthur Whitney". ACM Queue. April 20, 2009. Retrieved June 1, 2016. <a href="http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1531242" target="_blank">http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1531242</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"A Conversation with Arthur Whitney". ACM Queue. April 20, 2009. Retrieved June 1, 2016. <a href="http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1531242" target="_blank">http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1531242</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Hui, Roger; Kromberg, Morten (January 2020). "APL since 1978". Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. 4 (HOPL): 1–108. doi:10.1145/3386319 – via Association for Computing Machinery. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3386319" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3386319</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Iverson, Kenneth; Whitney, Arthur (July 1982). "Practical uses of a model of APL". Proceedings of the international conference on APL - APL '82. pp. 140–145. doi:10.1145/800071.802236. ISBN 0897910788. S2CID 25543907 – via Association for Computing Machinery. <a href="0897910788" target="_blank">0897910788</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Hui, Roger; Iverson, Kenneth; McDonnell, E. E.; Whitney, Arthur (May 1990). "APL\?". Conference proceedings on APL 90: For the future. pp. 192–200. doi:10.1145/97808.97845. ISBN 089791371X. S2CID 235453656. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) <a href="089791371X" target="_blank">089791371X</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Iverson, Kenneth E. (1991). "A personal view of APL". IBM Systems Journal. 30 (4): 582–593. doi:10.1147/sj.304.0582.. <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Iverson" target="_blank">/wiki/Kenneth_E._Iverson</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Hui, Roger (1992). An Implementation of J (PDF). Toronto: Iverson Software, Inc. pp. 74–75. <a href="http://www.jsoftware.com/books/pdf/aioj.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.jsoftware.com/books/pdf/aioj.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Taylor, Stephen. "Impending kOS". Vector. Retrieved June 1, 2016. <a href="http://archive.vector.org.uk/art10501320" target="_blank">http://archive.vector.org.uk/art10501320</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Butcher, Sarah. ""Morgan Stanley's A+ programming language"". Retrieved March 5, 2020. <a href="https://news.efinancialcareers.com/it-en/3001925/morgan-stanley-a-programming-language.html" target="_blank">https://news.efinancialcareers.com/it-en/3001925/morgan-stanley-a-programming-language.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">McDonald, Clare (June 1, 2011). "Janet Lustgarten, CEO at Kx Systems, on Shampoo Apps, Databases and Founding Her Own Company". Computer Weekly. Retrieved June 1, 2016. <a href="http://www.computerweekly.com/blog/WITsend/Janet-Lustgarten-CEO-at-KX-Systems-on-shampoo-apps-databases-and-founding-her-own-company" target="_blank">http://www.computerweekly.com/blog/WITsend/Janet-Lustgarten-CEO-at-KX-Systems-on-shampoo-apps-databases-and-founding-her-own-company</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Garland, Simon (December 28, 2004). "Q Language Widening the Appeal of Vectors". Vector.org. Archived from the original on January 1, 2007. Retrieved June 1, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070101213150/http://vector.org.uk/weblog/archive/000036.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070101213150/http://vector.org.uk/weblog/archive/000036.html</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Eadline, Douglas (September 9, 2014). "Working Down the Column: The kdb+ Community". Cluster Monkey. Retrieved June 1, 2016. <a href="http://www.clustermonkey.net/Deep-Dive/working-down-the-column-the-kdb-community.html" target="_blank">http://www.clustermonkey.net/Deep-Dive/working-down-the-column-the-kdb-community.html</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">"FD to buy out minority Kx Systems shareholders". July 2, 2018. Retrieved Apr 1, 2019. <a href="https://www.firstderivatives.com/news/fd-to-buy-out-minority-kx-systems-shareholders/" target="_blank">https://www.firstderivatives.com/news/fd-to-buy-out-minority-kx-systems-shareholders/</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"Shakti (About)". Retrieved Apr 1, 2019. <a href="https://shakti.com/about.php" target="_blank">https://shakti.com/about.php</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Butcher, Sarah. ""The new data platform from the reclusive genius of banking IT"". Retrieved March 5, 2020. <a href="https://news.efinancialcareers.com/uk-en/3002752/shakti-arthur-whitney.html" target="_blank">https://news.efinancialcareers.com/uk-en/3002752/shakti-arthur-whitney.html</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Arthur Whitney (computer scientist) open-in-new

Arthur Whitney (computer scientist)