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List of printing protocols
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<h2 id="dedicated-protocols">Dedicated protocols</h2> <p>Protocols listed here are specific for printing. </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/facts/Line_Printer_Daemon_protocol/FAGe70Yn">Line Printer Daemon protocol</a>/Line Printer Remote protocol (or LPD, LPR) is a network protocol for submitting print jobs to a remote printer. The original implementation of LPD was in the <a href="/facts/Berkeley_printing_system/PzJfcnoU">Berkeley printing system</a> in the 2.10 <a href="/facts/BSD/XQKcURrh">BSD</a> UNIX operating system in 1988; the <a href="/facts/LPRng/dNsEcuuv">LPRng</a> project also supports that protocol. The LPD Protocol Specification is documented in RFC 1179.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> LPD printing normally happens over port 515.</li> <li><a href="/facts/AppSocket/bEl9rosD">AppSocket</a>, also known as port 9100, RAW, <a href="/facts/JetDirect/bEl9rosD">JetDirect</a>, or Windows TCPmon is a protocol that was developed by <a href="/facts/Tektronix/4yPXfhmV">Tektronix</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> It is considered as 'the simplest, fastest, and generally the most reliable network protocol used for printers' though 'it also offers no security and is often an attack vector with printers'.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> AppSocket printing normally happens over port 9100.</li> <li>The <a href="/facts/Internet_Printing_Protocol/mw97uT8B">Internet Printing Protocol</a> (IPP) is an <a href="/facts/Internet_protocol_suite/KNkxtSpw">Internet protocol</a> for communication between client devices (computers, mobile phones, tablets, etc.) and printers (or <a href="/facts/Print_server/4gr2wCYq">print servers</a>). IPP can run locally or over the <a href="/facts/Internet/Xw1rVvJU">Internet</a>. Unlike other printing protocols, IPP also supports <a href="/facts/Access_control/08zE5Pz8">access control</a>, <a href="/facts/Authentication/64y4S69b">authentication</a>, and <a href="/facts/Encryption/16q29Fdv">encryption</a>, making it a much more capable and secure printing mechanism than older ones. IPP printing normally happens over port 631. It is the default protocol in <a href="/facts/Android_(operating_system)/nNyHb0xz">Android</a> and <a href="/facts/IOS/mK5cggH5">iOS</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="generic-protocols">Generic protocols</h2> <p>These protocols put the printer as similar class to remote disks, <a href="/facts/Image_scanner/7DEJFTwx">scanners</a> and multimedia devices. This is especially true for <a href="/facts/Multi-function_printer/L4bh6dHB">multi-function printers</a>, that also produce image files (scans and faxes) and send them back through the network. </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Telnet/hxT0e85h">Telnet</a> is based on simply transferring data safely to/from TCP ports that are now being used for printing purposes. This approach is sometimes called raw TCP/IP, Stream, or direct sockets printing.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Server_Message_Block/pWM35pl8">Server Message Block</a> (SMB) is an application-layer network protocol for file and printer sharing originally developed by <a href="/facts/IBM/QszA7nwd">IBM</a> in the mid-80s. It is the default method used by Windows based computers to share files and printers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="wireless-protocols">Wireless protocols</h2> <p>Wireless protocols is designed for wireless devices. This kind of protocol is based on one kind of printing protocols plus <a href="/facts/Zero-configuration_networking/r16BGGIV">Zero-configuration networking</a> (zeroconf) mechanisms. In this way, printers can be used by wireless devices seamlessly. Note that the printer itself is not necessary to be wireless. </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/AirPrint/QE0bGukc">AirPrint</a> is a feature in <a href="/facts/Apple_Inc./oTJYta3k">Apple Inc.</a>'s <a href="/facts/MacOS/Y93vVpTm">macOS</a> and <a href="/facts/IOS/mK5cggH5">iOS</a> operating systems for printing via a <a href="/facts/Wireless_LAN/ooq0WA45">wireless LAN</a> (Wi-Fi),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> either directly to AirPrint-compatible printers, or to non-compatible shared printers by way of a computer running <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> or macOS.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> AirPrint is based on <a href="/facts/MDNS/9fEaTXrW">mDNS</a> (<a href="/facts/Bonjour_(software)/gFBhvEtj">Bonjour</a>, more specifically) and <a href="/facts/Internet_Printing_Protocol/mw97uT8B">Internet Printing Protocol</a> (IPP). It was originally intended for iOS devices and connected via a Wi-Fi network only, and thus required a Wi-Fi access point. However, with the introduction of AirPrint to the macOS desktop platform in 2012, Macs connected to the network via <a href="/facts/Ethernet/nMfhU8tU">ethernet</a> connection could also print using the AirPrint protocol—not just those connected via Wi-Fi.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Mopria_Alliance/HEvXeAAx">Mopria Alliance</a> provides a protocol which is adopted by <a href="/facts/Android_(operating_system)/nNyHb0xz">Android</a> and available in <a href="/facts/Windows_10/be9IHehJ">Windows 10</a>. It uses <a href="/facts/MDNS/9fEaTXrW">mDNS</a> for service discovery and <a href="/facts/Internet_Printing_Protocol/mw97uT8B">Internet Printing Protocol</a> (IPP) for printing, just like <a href="/facts/AirPrint/QE0bGukc">AirPrint</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a> devices use <a href="/facts/Web_Services_for_Devices/kCNsbuJT">Web Services for Devices</a> (WSD) for service discovery and <a href="/facts/Line_Printer_Daemon_protocol/FAGe70Yn">Line Printer Daemon protocol</a> (LPR) or <a href="/facts/JetDirect/bEl9rosD">JetDirect</a> (RAW) for printing. <a href="/facts/Windows_10/be9IHehJ">Windows 10</a> also supports <a href="/facts/Mopria_Alliance/HEvXeAAx">Mopria Alliance</a>'s way.</li></ul> <h2 id="internet-protocols">Internet protocols</h2> <p>The computer and the printer should be located on the same local area network (<a href="/facts/LAN/edUDxJ6J">LAN</a>) when using all of the above protocols. Internet printing protocols is designed for Internet printing. </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Google_Cloud_Print/zd275DWP">Google Cloud Print</a> (The service ended on December 31, 2020.)</li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Common_Unix_Printing_System/GH6I7g3U">Common Unix Printing System</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/System_V_printing_system/Xf6P8rCV">System V printing system</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Spooling/fPbanPPu">Spooling</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.brooksnet.com/content/tcpip-printing-overview">TCP/IP Printing Overview on Brooksnet website</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>RFC1179 Line Printer Daemon Protocol, August 1990, edited by L. McLaughlin III. <a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1179.txt" target="_blank">http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1179.txt</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"AppSocket TCP/IP Protocol". LPRng Reference Manual. 26 Nov 2010. Retrieved 2017-09-06. <a href="http://lprng.com/LPRng-HOWTO-Multipart/appsocket.html" target="_blank">http://lprng.com/LPRng-HOWTO-Multipart/appsocket.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Using Network Printers". cups.org. Retrieved 2017-09-06. <a href="https://www.cups.org/doc/network.html" target="_blank">https://www.cups.org/doc/network.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Using Network Printers". cups.org. Retrieved 2017-09-06. <a href="https://www.cups.org/doc/network.html" target="_blank">https://www.cups.org/doc/network.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Common Internet File System, Microsoft TechNet Library <a href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc939973.aspx" target="_blank">https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc939973.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Software update", iPad, UK: Apple <a href="https://www.apple.com/uk/ipad/software-update/" target="_blank">https://www.apple.com/uk/ipad/software-update/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"AirPrint" (Press release). UK: Apple. September 15, 2010. <a href="https://www.apple.com/uk/pr/library/2010/09/15airprint.html" target="_blank">https://www.apple.com/uk/pr/library/2010/09/15airprint.html</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Finnie, Ryan (November 13, 2010). "AirPrint & Linux" (how-to). Retrieved November 2, 2013. <a href="http://www.finnie.org/2010/11/13/airprint-and-linux/" target="_blank">http://www.finnie.org/2010/11/13/airprint-and-linux/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"AirPrint" (Press release). UK: Apple. September 15, 2010. <a href="https://www.apple.com/uk/pr/library/2010/09/15airprint.html" target="_blank">https://www.apple.com/uk/pr/library/2010/09/15airprint.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>AirPrint: how to make it work for shared printers, TUAW, November 11, 2010 <a href="http://www.tuaw.com/2010/11/11/airprint-how-to-make-it-work-for-shared-printers/" target="_blank">http://www.tuaw.com/2010/11/11/airprint-how-to-make-it-work-for-shared-printers/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Printing from iPad AirPrint via Cups" (how-to). CC: Rho. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved November 2, 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116205840/http://www.rho.cc/index.php/linux2/48-misc/104-printing-from-ipad-airprint-via-cups" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130116205840/http://www.rho.cc/index.php/linux2/48-misc/104-printing-from-ipad-airprint-via-cups</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>