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Transition (computer science)
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<h2 id="recent-research">Recent research</h2> <p>The study of new and fundamental design methods, models and techniques that enable automated, coordinated and cross-layer transitions between functionally similar mechanisms within a communication system is the main goal of a collaborative research center funded by the German research foundation (DFG). The DFG collaborative research center 1053 MAKI - Multi-mechanism Adaptation for the future Internet - focuses on research questions in the following areas: (i) Fundamental research on transition methods, (ii) Techniques for adapting transition-capable communication systems on the basis of achieved and targeted quality, and (iii) specific and exemplary transitions in communication systems as regarded from different technical perspectives. </p><p>A formalization of the concept of transitions that captures the features and relations within a communication system to express and optimize the decision making process that is associated with such a system is given in.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> The associated building blocks comprise (i) Dynamic <a href="/facts/Software_product_line/I6SIMRb7">Software Product Lines</a>, (ii) <a href="/facts/Markov_decision_process/cVlWIDrw">Markov Decision Processes</a> and (iii) <a href="/facts/Utility/wlMDG74L">Utility</a> Design. While Dynamic Software Product Lines provide a method to concisely capture a large configuration space and to specify run time variability of adaptive systems, Markov Decision Processes provide a mathematical tool to define and plan transitions between available communication mechanisms. Finally, utility functions quantify the performance of individual configurations of the transition-based communication system and provide the means to optimize the performance in such a system. </p><p>Applications of the idea of transitions have found their way to <a href="/facts/Wireless_sensor_network/r5LIAVsU">wireless sensor networks</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> and mobile networks,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> distributed reactive programming,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> WiFi firmware modification,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> planning of autonomic computing systems,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> analysis of <a href="/facts/Content_delivery_network/SVuID7jd">CDNs</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> flexible extensions of the ISO <a href="/facts/OSI_model/oxN9Xhjz">OSI</a> stack,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> <a href="/facts/5G/yVb460m4">5G</a> <a href="/facts/MmWave/l28Grdmp">mmWave</a> vehicular communications,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> the analysis of <a href="/facts/MapReduce/KbfxJ5vV">MapReduce</a>-like parallel systems,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> scheduling of <a href="/facts/Multipath_TCP/PrTmCrqp">Multipath TCP</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> adaptivity for beam training in <a href="/facts/802.11ad/VYczEeng">802.11ad</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> operator placement in dynamic user environments,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP/V1sHKrlC">DASH</a> video player analysis,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Adaptive_bitrate_streaming/K3oSzyJB">adaptive bitrate streaming</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Complex_event_processing/WkPsaTA0">complex event processing</a> on mobile devices.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.maki.tu-darmstadt.de/sfb_maki/ueber_maki/index.en.jsp">MAKI</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>S. Wilk, D. Stohr, and W. Effelsberg. 2016. A Content-Aware Video Adaptation Service to Support Mobile Video. ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl. 12, 5s, Article 82 (November 2016) <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>JO Kephart and DM Chess. The vision of autonomous computing. IEEE Computer, 1, pp. 41-50, 2003. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Alt, Bastian; Weckesser, Markus; et al. (2019). "Transitions: A Protocol-Independent View of the Future Internet". Proceedings of the IEEE. 107 (4): 835–846. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2019.2895964. ISSN 0018-9219. S2CID 86852058. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Kluge, Roland; Stein, Michael; Giessing, David; Schürr, Andy; Mühlhäuser, Max (2017). "cMoflon: Model-Driven Generation of Embedded C Code for Wireless Sensor Networks". In Anjorin, Anthony; Espinoza, Huáscar (eds.). Modelling Foundations and Applications. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 10376. Springer International Publishing. pp. 109–125. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61482-3_7. ISBN 9783319614823. <a href="9783319614823" target="_blank">9783319614823</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Richerzhagen, N.; Richerzhagen, B.; Hark, R.; Stingl, D.; Steinmetz, R. (2016). "Limiting the Footprint of Monitoring in Dynamic Scenarios through Multi-Dimensional Offloading". 2016 25th International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN). pp. 1–9. doi:10.1109/ICCCN.2016.7568539. ISBN 978-1-5090-2279-3. S2CID 15754246. <a href="978-1-5090-2279-3" target="_blank">978-1-5090-2279-3</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Mogk, Ragnar; Baumgärtner, Lars; Salvaneschi, Guido; Freisleben, Bernd; Mezini, Mira (2018). "Fault-tolerant Distributed Reactive Programming". Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik GMBH, Wadern/Saarbruecken, Germany. Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs). 109: 1:1–1:26. doi:10.4230/lipics.ecoop.2018.1. ISBN 9783959770798. <a href="9783959770798" target="_blank">9783959770798</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Margara, A.; Salvaneschi, G. (2018). "On the Semantics of Distributed Reactive Programming: The Cost of Consistency". IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. 44 (7): 689–711. doi:10.1109/TSE.2018.2833109. hdl:11311/1059154. ISSN 0098-5589. S2CID 49867276. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Schulz, Matthias; Wegemer, Daniel; Hollick, Matthias (2018-09-01). "The Nexmon firmware analysis and modification framework: Empowering researchers to enhance Wi-Fi devices". Computer Communications. 129: 269–285. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2018.05.015. ISSN 0140-3664. S2CID 52825311. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Pfannemueller, M.; Krupitzer, C.; Weckesser, M.; Becker, C. (2017). "A Dynamic Software Product Line Approach for Adaptation Planning in Autonomic Computing Systems". 2017 IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC). pp. 247–254. doi:10.1109/ICAC.2017.18. ISBN 978-1-5386-1762-5. S2CID 20100894. <a href="978-1-5386-1762-5" target="_blank">978-1-5386-1762-5</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Jeremias Blendin, Fabrice Bendfeldt, Ingmar Poese, Boris Koldehofe, and Oliver Hohlfeld. 2018. Dissecting Apple's Meta-CDN during an iOS Update. In Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference 2018 (IMC '18). ACM <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Heuschkel, J.; Wang, L.; Fleckstein, E.; Ofenloch, M.; Blöcher, M.; Crowcroft, J.; Mühlhäuser, M. (2018). "VirtualStack: Flexible Cross-layer Optimization via Network Protocol Virtualization". 2018 IEEE 43rd Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN). pp. 519–526. doi:10.1109/LCN.2018.8638106. ISBN 978-1-5386-4413-3. S2CID 61805288. <a href="978-1-5386-4413-3" target="_blank">978-1-5386-4413-3</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Asadi, A.; Müller, S.; Sim, G. H.; Klein, A.; Hollick, M. (2018). "FML: Fast Machine Learning for 5G mmWave Vehicular Communications". IEEE INFOCOM 2018 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. pp. 1961–1969. doi:10.1109/INFOCOM.2018.8485876. ISBN 978-1-5386-4128-6. S2CID 52966369. <a href="978-1-5386-4128-6" target="_blank">978-1-5386-4128-6</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Sim, G. H.; Klos, S.; Asadi, A.; Klein, A.; Hollick, M. (2018). "An Online Context-Aware Machine Learning Algorithm for 5G mmWave Vehicular Communications". IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking. 26 (6): 2487–2500. doi:10.1109/TNET.2018.2869244. ISSN 1063-6692. S2CID 56594979. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>KhudaBukhsh, W. R.; Rizk, A.; Frömmgen, A.; Koeppl, H. (2017). "Optimizing stochastic scheduling in fork-join queueing models: Bounds and applications". IEEE INFOCOM 2017 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. pp. 1–9. arXiv:1612.05486. doi:10.1109/INFOCOM.2017.8057013. ISBN 978-1-5090-5336-0. S2CID 16247069. <a href="978-1-5090-5336-0" target="_blank">978-1-5090-5336-0</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Frömmgen, Alexander; Rizk, Amr; Erbshäußer, Tobias; Weller, Max; Koldehofe, Boris; Buchmann, Alejandro; Steinmetz, Ralf (2017). "A programming model for application-defined multipath TCP scheduling". Proceedings of the 18th ACM/IFIP/USENIX Middleware Conference. Middleware '17. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 134–146. doi:10.1145/3135974.3135979. ISBN 9781450347204. S2CID 35419356. <a href="9781450347204" target="_blank">9781450347204</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Palacios, Joan; Steinmetzer, Daniel; Loch, Adrian; Hollick, Matthias; Widmer, Joerg (2018). "Adaptive Codebook Optimization for Beam Training on Off-the-Shelf IEEE 802.11ad Devices". Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. MobiCom '18. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 241–255. doi:10.1145/3241539.3241576. ISBN 9781450359030. S2CID 52978545. <a href="9781450359030" target="_blank">9781450359030</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Luthra, Manisha; Koldehofe, Boris; Weisenburger, Pascal; Salvaneschi, Guido; Arif, Raheel (2018). "TCEP" (PDF). Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on Distributed and Event-based Systems (PDF). New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. pp. 136–147. doi:10.1145/3210284.3210292. ISBN 9781450357821. S2CID 49337957. <a href="9781450357821" target="_blank">9781450357821</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Stohr, Denny; Frömmgen, Alexander; Rizk, Amr; Zink, Michael; Steinmetz, Ralf; Effelsberg, Wolfgang (2017). "Where are the Sweet Spots?". Proceedings of the 25th ACM international conference on Multimedia. MM '17. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 1113–1121. doi:10.1145/3123266.3123426. ISBN 9781450349062. S2CID 2217682. <a href="9781450349062" target="_blank">9781450349062</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Rizk, Amr; Koeppl, Heinz; Steinmetz, Ralf; Ballard, Trevor; Alt, Bastian (2019-01-17). "CBA: Contextual Quality Adaptation for Adaptive Bitrate Video Streaming (Extended Version)". arXiv:1901.05712 [cs.MM]. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Graubner, Pablo; Thelen, Christoph; Körber, Michael; Sterz, Artur; Salvaneschi, Guido; Mezini, Mira; Seeger, Bernhard; Freisleben, Bernd (2018). "Multimodal Complex Event Processing on Mobile Devices". Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on Distributed and Event-based Systems. DEBS '18. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 112–123. doi:10.1145/3210284.3210289. ISBN 9781450357821. 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