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Commercial bribery
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<h2 id="united-states-law">United States law</h2> <p>There is no <a href="/facts/United_States_Code/2AjxEDPq">federal statute</a> that by its terms expressly prohibits commercial bribery generally though it is mentioned as part of the definition of <a href="/facts/Aggravated_felony/Ijr3FSbU">aggravated felony</a> for the purposes of <a href="/facts/List_of_United_States_immigration_laws/JIL0ABKv">US immigration law</a> and is prohibited to induce sales of alcoholic beverages through commercial bribery. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> It is usually punishable as a <a href="/facts/Felony/9oh7MoaI">felony</a> under <a href="/facts/State_law_(United_States)/hW9F8M7W">state law</a>, depending on circumstances, but only 36 states have laws specifically prohibiting commercial bribery. Among them are <a href="/facts/California/zLW2vdQJ">California</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Delaware/4n4I3Rhu">Delaware</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Massachusetts/9uumCbFI">Massachusetts</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> <a href="/facts/New_Jersey/pI5k19S7">New Jersey</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> <a href="/facts/New_York_(state)/mnl67G1G">New York</a>, <a href="/facts/Texas/B987WHF0">Texas</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Washington_(state)/7tCrTFnN">Washington</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> However, the federal <a href="/facts/Mail_and_wire_fraud/YcyoDGhC">mail and wire fraud</a> statutes <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> can be used to prosecute commercial bribery as a "scheme or artifice to defraud" if the mail or interstate wire facilities are used. In addition, use of the mails or interstate travel or communication in furtherance of a violation of state commercial bribery laws may be prosecutable in <a href="/facts/United_States_district_courts/xBcpTCp0">Federal court</a> under the <a href="/facts/Travel_Act/B2S8nzo2">Travel Act</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> As the penalties under the federal statutes may exceed the state penalties, and the federal investigative and enforcement agencies may have superior resources, often federal prosecution is favored. </p><p>New York's law against commercial bribery is contained in Article 180 of the state's penal code.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> It is one of the most extensive state laws against commercial bribery in the United States, and includes prohibitions against bribing labor officials, fixing sports contests, and rent gouging. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Secret_profit/ozLtSXfz">Secret profit</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Black's Law Dictionary 7th. ed. 1999, p. 187 <a href="/wiki/Black%27s_Law_Dictionary" target="_blank">/wiki/Black%27s_Law_Dictionary</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Federal Alcohol Administration Act provision 27 U.S. Code § 205". <a href="https://www.ttb.gov/trade_practices/commercial_bribery.shtml" target="_blank">https://www.ttb.gov/trade_practices/commercial_bribery.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43) <a href="/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code" target="_blank">/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"California Penal Code - PEN § 641.3 - FindLaw". Findlaw. <a href="http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/cacode/PEN/3/1/15/2/s641.3" target="_blank">http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/cacode/PEN/3/1/15/2/s641.3</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"DEL CODE § 881 : Delaware Code - Section 881: BRIBERY; CLASS A MISDEMEANOR". Findlaw. <a href="http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/decode/11/5/III/881" target="_blank">http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/decode/11/5/III/881</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"General Laws". malegislature.gov. <a href="http://www.malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIV/TitleI/Chapter271/Section39" target="_blank">http://www.malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIV/TitleI/Chapter271/Section39</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>New Jersey General Assembly. "N.J.S.A. 2C:21-10". Statutes of New Jersey. New Jersey. <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_General_Assembly" target="_blank">/wiki/New_Jersey_General_Assembly</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"TEX PE. CODE ANN. § 32.43 : Texas Statutes - Section 32.43: COMMERCIAL BRIBERY". Findlaw. <a href="http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/txstatutes/PE/7/32/D/32.43" target="_blank">http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/txstatutes/PE/7/32/D/32.43</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Revised Code of Washington (RCW). § 9A.68". <a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=9A.68.060" target="_blank">https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=9A.68.060</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>18 U.S.C. § 1341 and 18 U.S.C. § 1343 <a href="/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code" target="_blank">/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Emmick, Mike (2012-02-01). "The Travel Act – The FCPA's red-haired stepchild". Thomson Reuters News and Insight. Thomson Reuters. Archived from the original on February 9, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120209010519/http://newsandinsight.thomsonreuters.com/Legal/Insight/2012/02_-_February/The_Travel_Act_%E2%80%93_The_FCPA_s_red-haired_stepchild/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120209010519/http://newsandinsight.thomsonreuters.com/Legal/Insight/2012/02_-_February/The_Travel_Act_%E2%80%93_The_FCPA_s_red-haired_stepchild/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"NY Code - Article 180: BRIBERY NOT INVOLVING PUBLIC SERVANTS, AND RELATED OFFENSES". Findlaw. <a href="http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/nycode/PEN/THREE/K/180" target="_blank">http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/nycode/PEN/THREE/K/180</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>