Pedagogical pattern

<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>
In a 2001 paper for <a href="/facts/SIGCSE/tMLFQ9X2">SIGCSE</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1">1</a> Joseph Bergin wrote:

A pattern is supposed to capture best practice in some domain. Pedagogical patterns try to capture expert knowledge of the practice of teaching. [...] The intent [of pedagogical patterns] is to capture the essence of the practice in a compact form that can be easily communicated to those who need the knowledge. Presenting this information in a coherent and accessible form can mean the difference between every new instructor needing to relearn what is known by senior faculty and easy transference of knowledge of teaching within the community.
<h2 id="example-structure-of-a-pattern">Example structure of a pattern</h2>
Mitchell Weisburgh proposed nine aspects to documenting a pedagogical pattern for a certain skill.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2">2</a> Not every pattern needs to include all nine. His listing is reproduced below:

<ul><li>Name – single word or short phrase that refers to the pattern. This allows for rapid association and retrieval.</li>
<li>Problem – definition of a problem, including its intent or a desired outcome, and symptoms that would indicate that this problem exists.</li>
<li>Context – preconditions which must exist in order for that problem to occur; this is often a situation. When forces conflict, the resolutions of those conflicts is often implied by the context.</li>
<li>Forces – description of forces or constraints and how they interact. Some of the forces may be contradictory. For example: being thorough often conflicts with time or money constraints.</li>
<li>Solution – instructions, possibly including variants. The solution may include pictures, diagrams, prose, or other media.</li>
<li>Examples – sample applications and solutions, analogies, visual examples, and known uses can be especially helpful, help user understand the context</li>
<li>Resulting Context – result after the pattern has been applied, including postconditions and side effects. It might also include new problems that might result from solving the original problem.</li>
<li>Rationale – the thought processes that would go into selecting this pattern, The rationale includes an explanation of why this pattern works, how forces and constraints are resolved to construct a desired outcome.</li>
<li>Related Patterns – differences and relationships with other patterns, possibly predecessor, antecedents, or alternatives that solve similar problems.[example needed]</li></ul>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Modeling_(psychology)/SWKwd9mH">Modeling (psychology)</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Teacher_education/JU2tsSAN">Teacher education</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Teaching_method/tjADvYgf">Teaching method</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>

<ul><li>Bennedsen, Jens (June 2006). "The dissemination of pedagogical patterns". Computer Science Education. 16 (2): 119–136. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08993400600733590">10.1080/08993400600733590</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12582991">12582991</a>.</li>
<li>Bennedsen, Jens; Eriksen, Ole (June 2006). "Categorizing pedagogical patterns by teaching activities and pedagogical values". Computer Science Education. 16 (2): 157–172. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08993400600768091">10.1080/08993400600768091</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205613486">205613486</a>.</li>
<li>Conole, Gráinne (2013). "Pedagogical patterns". Designing for learning in an open world. Explorations in the learning sciences, instructional systems and performance technologies. Vol. 4. New York: <a href="/facts/Springer-Verlag/nAesf6nT">Springer-Verlag</a>. pp. 40–43. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4419-8517-0_3">10.1007/978-1-4419-8517-0_3</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9781441985163. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/731915958">731915958</a>.</li>
<li>Derntl, Michael; Botturi, Luca (June 2006). <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228656632">"Essential use cases for pedagogical patterns"</a>. Computer Science Education. 16 (2): 137–156. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08993400600768182">10.1080/08993400600768182</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37426541">37426541</a>.</li>
<li>Fincher, Sally (September 1999). <a href="http://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/15198/">"Analysis of design: an exploration of patterns and pattern languages for pedagogy"</a>. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching. 18 (3): 331–348.</li>
<li>Goodyear, Peter (March 2005). <a href="https://ajet.org.au/index.php/AJET/article/view/1344">"Educational design and networked learning: patterns, pattern languages and design practice"</a>. <a href="/facts/Australasian_Journal_of_Educational_Technology/A2thncgI">Australasian Journal of Educational Technology</a>. 21 (1): 82–101. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.14742%2Fajet.1344">10.14742/ajet.1344</a>.</li>
<li>Haberman, Bruria (June 2006). "Pedagogical patterns: a means for communication within the CS teaching community of practice". Computer Science Education. 16 (2): 87–103. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08993400600786994">10.1080/08993400600786994</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23011626">23011626</a>.</li>
<li>Hubscher, Roland; Frizell, Sherri (2002). "Aligning theory and web-based instructional design practice with design patterns". In Driscoll, Margaret; Reeves, Thomas C. (eds.). <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228542179">E-Learn 2002: world conference on e-learning in corporate, government, healthcare & higher education</a>. Chesapeake, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). pp. 298–304. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9781880094464. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/61510840">61510840</a>.</li>
<li>Jones, David; Stewart, Sharonn; Power, Leonie (1999). <a href="http://www.ascilite.org/conferences/brisbane99/papers/jonesstewart.pdf">"Patterns: using proven experience to develop online learning"</a> (PDF). In Winn, Jenny (ed.). ASCILITE'99: responding to diversity: proceedings from the 16th annual conference of the <a href="/facts/Australasian_Society_for_Computers_in_Learning_in_Tertiary_Education/rvoDeDwe">Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education</a> (ASCILITE), December 5–8, 1999. Brisbane: Teaching and Learning Support Services, <a href="/facts/Queensland_University_of_Technology/TBR8BWGX">Queensland University of Technology</a>. pp. 155–162. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/223117208">223117208</a>.</li>
<li>Laurillard, Diana (2012). Teaching as a design science: building pedagogical patterns for learning and technology. New York: <a href="/facts/Routledge/aSwcES11">Routledge</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203125083">10.4324/9780203125083</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9780415803854. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/754518543">754518543</a>.</li>
<li>Mor, Yishay; Mellar, Harvey; Warburton, Steven; Winters, Niall (2014). Practical design patterns for teaching and learning with technology. Trails in education. Vol. 8. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-6209-530-4">10.1007/978-94-6209-530-4</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9789462095298. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/876802735">876802735</a>.</li>
<li>Scott, Bernard; Shurville, Simon; Maclean, Piers; Cong, Chunyu (January 2007). <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220626585">"Cybernetic principles for learning design"</a>. <a href="/facts/Kybernetes/wB6To6Cs">Kybernetes</a>. 36 (9/10): 1497–1514. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2F03684920710827445">10.1108/03684920710827445</a>. In this article, pedagogical patterns are called learning design patterns.</li>
<li>Sharp, Helen; Manns, Mary Lynn; Eckstein, Jutta (December 2003). "Evolving pedagogical patterns: the work of the Pedagogical Patterns Project". Computer Science Education. 13 (4): 315–330. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1076%2Fcsed.13.4.315.17493">10.1076/csed.13.4.315.17493</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3473870">3473870</a>.</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.pedagogicalpatterns.org">Pedagogical Patterns site</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www2.tisip.no/E-LEN/tutorial/">E-LEN, tutorial on making e-learning design pattern</a></li>
<li><a href="http://csis.pace.edu/~bergin/PedPat1.3.html">Fourteen Pedagogical Patterns</a> by Joseph Bergin</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Bergin, Joseph (March 2001). "A pattern language for initial course design". Proceedings of the Thirty-Second SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, Volume 33, Issue 1). SIGCSE '01. New York: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 282–286 [282]. doi:10.1145/364447.364602. ISBN 9781581133295. OCLC 51305304. S2CID 564766. <a href="9781581133295" target="_blank">9781581133295</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Weisburgh, Mitchell. "Documenting good education and training practices through design patterns". IEEE. Archived from the original on 2014-08-15. Retrieved 2007-10-17. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140815031631/http://ifets.ieee.org/discussions/discuss_june2004.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140815031631/http://ifets.ieee.org/discussions/discuss_june2004.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Pedagogical pattern open-in-new

Pedagogical pattern