Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Municipal executive
open-in-new
<h2 id="composition">Composition</h2> <h3>Mayor</h3> <p>The mayor (<a href="/facts/Dutch_language/yIB5lbsx">Dutch</a>: <i>burgemeester</i>, sometimes translated as '<a href="/facts/Burgomaster/IkjxfxJb">burgomaster</a>') is the chairperson of the municipal executive, and therefore holds the <a href="/facts/Casting_vote/CXmHvfX2">casting vote</a> in the event of a tie.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> Their role is comparable to the roles of the <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands/Wqry1FuI">Prime Minister</a> in the <a href="/facts/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands/5uc1S9XC">cabinet</a>, the <a href="/facts/King%27s_commissioner/yefXs8Dv">King's Commissioner</a> in the <a href="/facts/Provincial-executive/Wy4C3cM3">provincial executives</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Lieutenant_governor/qh4oLM8I">lieutenant governor</a> in the executive councils of the <a href="/facts/Caribbean_Netherlands/hCVdbmtP">Caribbean Netherlands</a>. </p><p>The mayor is appointed by the <a href="/facts/List_of_monarchs_of_the_Netherlands/9otUtB0M">monarch</a> (<i>de facto</i> by the <a href="/facts/List_of_Ministers_of_the_Interior_of_the_Netherlands/Kwh3hHz5">Minister of the Interior</a>) for a renewable six-year term.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> Like the aldermen, the mayor has a portfolio, which always includes public order and safety.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> Most mayors are members of a <a href="/facts/Political_party/IAKw7oEK">political party</a>, but they are expected to carry out their tasks in a <a href="/facts/Nonpartisanism/mFJGYF2M">non-partisan</a> manner. </p> <h3>Aldermen</h3> <p>The aldermen (also alderwomen or alderpersons; <a href="/facts/Dutch_language/yIB5lbsx">Dutch</a>: <i>wethouders</i>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> are the board members of the municipal executive. Their role is comparable to the roles of the <a href="/facts/Minister_(government)/URxFu4Pk">ministers</a> in the cabinet and the deputies in the provincial executives. Other common translations include deputy mayors, vice mayors and portfolio holders,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> although the former titles may be reserved for aldermen who are empowered to act for the mayor in their absence (<a href="/facts/Dutch_language/yIB5lbsx">Dutch</a>: <i>locoburgemeester</i>). </p><p>After every municipal election, the aldermen are elected to the municipal executive by the members of the <a href="/facts/Municipal_council_(Netherlands)/b0fRaFBd">municipal council</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> Usually, they elect sitting members of the municipal council, but it is also possible to nominate people from outside the council.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> Unlike <a href="/facts/Alderman/reknorsr">aldermen in English-speaking countries</a>, <i>wethouders</i> cannot simultaneously be members of the municipal council.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> Therefore, municipal councillors must resign their seats when they are elected into the office of alderman. The municipal council also holds the power to remove an alderman from office by means of a <a href="/facts/Motion_of_no_confidence/re5kmCNK">motion of no confidence</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> </p><p>The aldermen are assigned portfolios within the municipal executive and, in this capacity, prepare, coordinate, and plan policy and legislation for the council as a whole.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> They are also charged with the day-to-day government of the municipality and the implementation of legislation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> The aldermen report to the municipal council on all aspects of what is happening within their portfolios. The municipal executive functions as a committee that reaches decisions by way of consensus. </p> <h3>Quota</h3> <p>According to the Municipality Act (<a href="/facts/Dutch_language/yIB5lbsx">Dutch</a>: <i>Gemeentewet</i>), the number of aldermen cannot exceed 20% of the number of members of the municipal council, but there must be at least two. In Dutch municipalities with 18,000 inhabitants or less, the office of alderman is a part-time position. In larger municipalities, the office is a full-time position, but the municipal council may opt to designate one or more portfolios as part-time positions, in which case the maximum number of aldermen is 25% of the number of municipal councillors. </p> <h3>Municipal secretary</h3> <p>The municipal secretary (<a href="/facts/Dutch_language/yIB5lbsx">Dutch</a>: <i>gemeentesecretaris</i>), who is chosen by the municipal executive, is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the municipal executive and assists with administrative matters. </p> <h2 id="party-politics">Party politics</h2> <p><a href="/facts/Political_party/IAKw7oEK">Political parties</a> play an active role in municipal politics in the Netherlands. The party with the most members on the municipal council is considered to be in control of the municipal government. Usually, none of the parties wins an absolute majority, so <a href="/facts/Coalition/UBKPe3tX">coalitions</a> have to be formed. Since the council members vote for the members of the municipal executive, the municipal executive is also chosen along party lines. As a result, two different types of municipal executives exist: </p> <ul><li>A "manifesto-based executive" (<i>programmacollege</i>) is elected on the basis of a <a href="/facts/Manifesto/m82XTbq2">manifesto</a> by a majority vote of all members of the municipal council. Most municipal executives in the Netherlands are manifesto-based.</li> <li>A "mirror executive" (<i>afspiegelingscollege</i>) is an executive whose composition reflects the distribution of the major parties in the municipal council. For example, if the members of the municipal council are evenly split between three mainstream parties, the members of the executive board will also be evenly split between these three parties.</li></ul> <h3>Alliances</h3> <p>Municipal councillors sometimes form party-based coalitions and vote in <a href="/facts/Political_alliance/uyHse8w5">blocs</a> to prevent members of opposing political parties from joining the executive board. This means that a party that does well in the municipal election may not be represented in the municipal executive. For example, from 2002 to 2006, the municipal executive of <a href="/facts/Rotterdam/p8LbhGmE">Rotterdam</a> consisted of aldermen from right-wing parties (<a href="/facts/Christian_Democratic_Appeal/Vow7Pq0E">CDA</a>, <a href="/facts/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy/BmR48Cqy">VVD</a> and <a href="/facts/Leefbaar_Rotterdam/eorU3pRR">Leefbaar Rotterdam</a>), while the <a href="/facts/Labour_Party_(Netherlands)/SasfLju4">Labour Party</a> had been the second largest party in the municipal council. In <a href="/facts/Groningen/NN8RGePD">Groningen</a>, the left-wing parties (Labour Party, <a href="/facts/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)/cNeFazxW">Socialist Party</a> and <a href="/facts/Groenlinks/BA3P4HG6">Groenlinks</a>) kept members of right-wing parties out of the executive, despite a strong performance in the 2006 election. </p> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Mayors". Government.nl. 28 November 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/mayors" target="_blank">https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/mayors</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Portfolio holders". Government.nl. 21 December 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/portfolio-holders" target="_blank">https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/portfolio-holders</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"The communal institutions". Belgium.be. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/Communes/institutions" target="_blank">https://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/Communes/institutions</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Mayors". Government.nl. 28 November 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/mayors" target="_blank">https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/mayors</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Portfolio holders". Government.nl. 21 December 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/portfolio-holders" target="_blank">https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/portfolio-holders</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Mayors". Government.nl. 28 November 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/mayors" target="_blank">https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/mayors</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Mayors". Government.nl. 28 November 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/mayors" target="_blank">https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/mayors</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Mayors' Tasks". Government.nl. 7 April 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/mayors/mayors-tasks" target="_blank">https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/mayors/mayors-tasks</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Municipal Executive". The Hague. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.denhaag.nl/en/municipality-of-the-hague/municipal-executive.htm" target="_blank">https://www.denhaag.nl/en/municipality-of-the-hague/municipal-executive.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"The College of Mayor and Alderpersons". City of Amsterdam. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.amsterdam.nl/en/governance/mayor-alderpersons/" target="_blank">https://www.amsterdam.nl/en/governance/mayor-alderpersons/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Portfolio holders". Government.nl. 21 December 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/portfolio-holders" target="_blank">https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/portfolio-holders</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"The College of Mayor and Alderpersons". City of Amsterdam. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.amsterdam.nl/en/governance/mayor-alderpersons/" target="_blank">https://www.amsterdam.nl/en/governance/mayor-alderpersons/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"City Government". Gemeente Rotterdam. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.rotterdam.nl/english/city-government/" target="_blank">https://www.rotterdam.nl/english/city-government/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Appointment and dismissal of portfolio holders". Government.nl. 8 April 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/portfolio-holders/appointment-and-dismissal-of-portfolio-holders" target="_blank">https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/portfolio-holders/appointment-and-dismissal-of-portfolio-holders</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Prior to the 2002 dualist reforms, aldermen could only be delegated from among the members of the municipal council and thus had to be residents of the municipality. Since 2002, non-members and even non-residents can be nominated for the position of alderman. <a href="/wiki/Dualism_(politics)" target="_blank">/wiki/Dualism_(politics)</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Appointment and dismissal of portfolio holders". Government.nl. 8 April 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/portfolio-holders/appointment-and-dismissal-of-portfolio-holders" target="_blank">https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/portfolio-holders/appointment-and-dismissal-of-portfolio-holders</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"Appointment and dismissal of portfolio holders". Government.nl. 8 April 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/portfolio-holders/appointment-and-dismissal-of-portfolio-holders" target="_blank">https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/portfolio-holders/appointment-and-dismissal-of-portfolio-holders</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"Tasks of portfolio holders". Government.nl. 8 April 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/portfolio-holders/tasks-of-portfolio-holders" target="_blank">https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/portfolio-holders/tasks-of-portfolio-holders</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"Tasks of portfolio holders". Government.nl. 8 April 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <a href="https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/portfolio-holders/tasks-of-portfolio-holders" target="_blank">https://www.government.nl/topics/municipalities/portfolio-holders/tasks-of-portfolio-holders</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>