Doug Hurley

<h2 id="early-years-and-education">Early years and education</h2>
Hurley was born on October 21, 1966, in <a href="/facts/Endicott,_New_York/5c64cELg">Endicott, New York</a>, and spent his childhood in <a href="/facts/Apalachin,_New_York/DwHsChU9">Apalachin, New York</a>. He graduated from the Owego Free Academy in <a href="/facts/Owego_(village),_New_York/R8oFPMIL">Owego, New York</a> in 1984 and graduated <a href="/facts/Latin_honors/BqMYAlgN">magna cum laude</a> with honors from <a href="/facts/Tulane_University/4xYsuVrd">Tulane University</a>, earning his <a href="/facts/Bachelor_of_Science_in_Engineering/qmqBjQw6">B.S.E.</a> degree in <a href="/facts/Civil_engineering/avh5kEq2">civil engineering</a> in 1988. He was also a distinguished graduate from both Tulane's <a href="/facts/Naval_Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps/6ybtHtkM">Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps</a> (NROTC) program and from <a href="/facts/USMC/J8JDlJG2">USMC</a> <a href="/facts/Officer_Candidates_School_(United_States_Marine_Corps)/RXjlqSAg">Officer Candidates School</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a>

<h2 id="marine-corps-career">Marine Corps career</h2>
Hurley received his commission as a second lieutenant in the <a href="/facts/United_States_Marine_Corps/J8JDlJG2">United States Marine Corps</a> from the Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps at Tulane University, <a href="/facts/New_Orleans/IgCn61KH">New Orleans</a>, <a href="/facts/Louisiana/2GvfFcKE">Louisiana</a>, in 1988. After graduation, he attended <a href="/facts/The_Basic_School/yCUI75wK">The Basic School</a> at <a href="/facts/Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico/NyH4k1WX">Marine Corps Base Quantico</a>, <a href="/facts/Virginia/g2kucGdn">Virginia</a>, and later the Infantry Officers Course. Following aviation indoctrination at <a href="/facts/Naval_Air_Station_Pensacola/mBAHnJpH">Naval Air Station Pensacola</a>, <a href="/facts/Florida/cF245A3Q">Florida</a>, he entered flight training in <a href="/facts/Texas/B987WHF0">Texas</a> in 1989; he was a distinguished graduate of the U.S. Navy Pilot Training program and was designated a <a href="/facts/Naval_Aviator/EpofPaqF">Naval Aviator</a> in August 1991.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a>
Hurley then reported to <a href="/facts/VMFAT-101/kBQ9tavB">VMFAT-101</a> at <a href="/facts/Marine_Corps_Air_Station_El_Toro/nIxMxlRl">Marine Corps Air Station El Toro</a>, <a href="/facts/California/zLW2vdQJ">California</a> for initial <a href="/facts/F/A-18_Hornet/hsKrCHym">F/A-18 Hornet</a> training. Upon completion of training, he was assigned to <a href="/facts/VMFA(AW)-225/C6KxExle">VMFA(AW)-225</a> where he made three overseas deployments to the <a href="/facts/Western_Pacific_Ocean/bdxgXRVM">Western Pacific</a>. While assigned to VMFA(AW)-225, he attended the United States Marine Aviation Weapons and Tactics Instructor Course, the Marine Division Tactics Course and the Aviation Safety Officers Course at the <a href="/facts/Naval_Postgraduate_School/K7CDD8XD">Naval Postgraduate School</a> in <a href="/facts/Monterey,_California/ssUz4gN8">Monterey, California</a>. Over his four-and-a-half years with the "Vikings", he served as the aviation safety officer and the pilot training officer.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a>
Hurley was then selected to attend the <a href="/facts/United_States_Naval_Test_Pilot_School/mKMfm0t0">United States Naval Test Pilot School</a> at <a href="/facts/Naval_Air_Station_Patuxent_River/qmeXW9lm">Naval Air Station Patuxent River</a>, <a href="/facts/Maryland/tVy9fC1n">Maryland</a> and began the course in January 1997. After graduation in December 1997, he was assigned to the Naval Strike Aircraft Test Squadron (<a href="/facts/VX-23/I4efXaFU">VX-23</a>) as an F/A-18 project officer and test pilot. At "Strike", he participated in a variety of flight testing, including flying qualities, ordnance separation and systems testing and became the first Marine pilot to fly the <a href="/facts/Boeing_F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet/TemtsKRp">F/A-18 E/F Super Hornet</a>. He was serving as the operations officer when selected for the astronaut program. Hurley has logged over 5,500 hours in more than 25 types of aircraft.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a>

<h2 id="nasa-career">NASA career</h2>

Selected as a pilot by NASA in July 2000, Hurley reported for training in August 2000. Following the completion of two years of training and evaluation, he was assigned technical duties in the Astronaut Office which included Kennedy Operations Support as a "Cape Crusader," where he was the lead ASP (Astronaut Support Personnel) for Space Shuttle missions <a href="/facts/STS-107/KccrjnNe">STS-107</a> and <a href="/facts/STS-121/MgbcDT59">STS-121</a>. He also worked shuttle landing and rollout, served on the Columbia Reconstruction Team at <a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center/zmwszuPr">Kennedy Space Center</a> and in the Exploration Branch in support of the selection of the <a href="/facts/Orion_(spacecraft)/nh8VQRpD">Orion</a> crew exploration vehicle.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a>
He also served as the NASA Director of Operations at the <a href="/facts/Gagarin_Cosmonaut_Training_Center/ERmPKef4">Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center</a> in <a href="/facts/Star_City,_Russia/uo381mpY">Star City, Russia</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a>

<h3>STS-127</h3>
In July 2009, he was the pilot on <a href="/facts/STS-127/ssqLUylg">STS-127</a>, ISS Assembly Mission 2J/A, which delivered the Japanese-built Exposed Facility (JEM-EF) and the Experiment Logistics Module Exposed Section (ELM-ES) to the <a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">International Space Station</a>. The mission duration was 15 days, 16 hours, 45 minutes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a>

<h3>STS-135</h3>

In July 2011, Hurley returned to space on the final shuttle flight, <a href="/facts/STS-135/K9lMMNWC">STS-135</a> on the <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis/3NQUThEB">Space Shuttle Atlantis</a>. The mission delivered the <a href="/facts/Multi-Purpose_Logistics_Module/Jhs1djsj">Multi-Purpose Logistics Module</a> (MPLM) <a href="/facts/Raffaello_MPLM/aaL9VsyI">Raffaello</a> and a Lightweight Multi-Purpose Carrier (LMC) to the International Space Station and tested a system which investigated the potential of robotically refueling existing spacecraft. STS-135 mission duration was 12 days, 18 hours, 27 minutes and 56 seconds.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a>
After returning to Earth, he served as the Assistant Director, New Programs for the Flight Crew Operations Directorate (FCOD) at <a href="/facts/Johnson_Space_Center/rN6Jvhqe">Johnson Space Center</a>. In August 2014, he became the Assistant Director for the Commercial Crew Program following the merger of Flight Operations and Mission Operations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a>

<h3>SpaceX-DM2</h3>
In July 2015, NASA announced Hurley as one of the first astronauts for <a href="/facts/Commercial_Crew_Development/zzwrbnDF">U.S. commercial spaceflights</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> Subsequently, he started working with <a href="/facts/Boeing/tF5sMe9F">Boeing</a> and <a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a> to train in their commercial crew vehicles, along with the other chosen astronauts <a href="/facts/Sunita_Williams/V9KWBoBd">Sunita Williams</a>, <a href="/facts/Robert_Behnken/Nd3ExBdm">Robert Behnken</a> and <a href="/facts/Eric_Boe/G62Bhbjq">Eric Boe</a>. In August 2018, Hurley was assigned to <a href="/facts/SpaceX-DM2/0D3BuCxE">SpaceX-DM2</a>, the first test flight of the SpaceX <a href="/facts/Crew_Dragon/Wy8kUegK">Crew Dragon</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> Following the in-flight abort test of Crew Dragon, Hurley was confirmed to be the flight's commander.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> Hurley and fellow crewmember Bob Behnken were humorously compared in news and social media to the fictional brothers <a href="/facts/Bob_and_Doug_McKenzie/wMScJcwb">Bob and Doug McKenzie</a> because of their friendship when they participated in the first commercial astronaut launch on SpaceX <a href="/facts/Crew_Dragon_Demo-2/0D3BuCxE">Crew Dragon Demo-2</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a>
Crew Dragon successfully launched on May 30, 2020, and successfully docked with the <a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">International Space Station</a> on May 31, 2020. The crew joined the ISS <a href="/facts/Expedition_63/XXownJks">Expedition 63</a> crew, which consisted of NASA astronaut and ISS commander <a href="/facts/Chris_Cassidy/FrxNtj6G">Chris Cassidy</a> and Russian cosmonauts <a href="/facts/Ivan_Vagner/h2ITR0bB">Ivan Vagner</a> and <a href="/facts/Anatoli_Ivanishin/rU8blBdh">Anatoli Ivanishin</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> Crew Dragon undocked from the International Space Station on August 1, 2020, and successfully returned to Earth on August 2, 2020, after splashing down in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Pensacola, Florida.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a>

Demo-2 Gallery
<h3>Retirement from NASA</h3>
On July 16, 2021, NASA announced that Hurley would be retiring from the agency after 21 years of service. In the announcement released on the NASA website, NASA administrator Bill Nelson stated, "Doug Hurley is an exceptional astronaut whose leadership and expertise have been invaluable to NASA's space program. His impact on the agency transcends his impressive work in spaceflight, inspiring us to take on bold endeavors. I extend my deepest gratitude to Doug and wish him success in his next adventure."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a>

<h2 id="honors">Honors</h2>
<ul><li>Hurley is a recipient of the Stephen A. Hazelrigg Memorial Award for best test pilot/engineer team, Naval Strike Aircraft Test Squadron. He was awarded the <a href="/facts/Meritorious_Service_Medal_(United_States)/0CnYnLB1">Meritorious Service Medal</a>, two <a href="/facts/Commendation_Medal/vjWbBFjV">Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medals</a> and various other service awards. He received the NASA Superior Accomplishment Award in 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a></li>
<li>SpaceX purchased these two ships for towing and supporting <a href="/facts/Autonomous_spaceport_drone_ship/yI2SR495">autonomous spaceport drone ship</a> and <a href="/facts/SpaceX_fairing_recovery_program/vzJVECmX">fairing recovery operations</a> on the east coast in May 2021. These two ships were named in honour of Hurley and his <a href="/facts/Crew_Dragon_Demo-2/0D3BuCxE">Demo-2</a>, crewmate, <a href="/facts/Bob_Behnken/Nd3ExBdm">Bob Behnken</a> as Doug and Bob. The earlier names of the ships, Bob and Doug were Ella G and Ingrid respectively.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a></li>
<li>On January 31, 2023, Hurley was awarded the <a href="/facts/Congressional_Space_Medal_of_Honor/m63rYu3x">Congressional Space Medal of Honor</a> for NASA's SpaceX Demonstration Mission-2 (Demo-2) to the International Space Station in 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="personal-life">Personal life</h2>
Hurley is married to fellow NASA astronaut <a href="/facts/Karen_Nyberg/pVJxWcNM">Karen Nyberg</a>. They have one son<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a> and live in <a href="/facts/League_City,_Texas/yrbsBrtM">League City, Texas</a>.

<ul>
<li>Biography portal</li></ul>

This article incorporates <a href="https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/policies.html#Guidelines">public domain material</a> from websites or documents of the <a href="/facts/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration/TIMCV0yV">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>.

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Douglas Hurley.

<ul><li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/douglas-g-hurley/biography">NASA bio</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807060618/https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/douglas-g-hurley/biography/">Archived</a> August 7, 2018, at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/astronauts/english/hurley_douglas.htm">Spacefacts biography of Douglas G. Hurley</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
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<li id="fn:2">"NASA Selects Astronauts for First U.S. Commercial Spaceflights". NASA. July 9, 2015. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-astronauts-for-first-us-commercial-spaceflights-0" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-astronauts-for-first-us-commercial-spaceflights-0</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Mosher, Dave (August 3, 2018). "NASA picked 9 astronauts to fly SpaceX and Boeing's spaceships for the first time. Here's who they are". Business Insider. Insider Inc. Retrieved December 11, 2020. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-announcement-astronaut-crew-spacex-boeing-selection-2018-8" target="_blank">https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-announcement-astronaut-crew-spacex-boeing-selection-2018-8</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Douglas G. Hurley (Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps, Ret.) NASA Astronaut". NASA. March 22, 2016. Archived from the original on August 7, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807060618/https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/douglas-g-hurley/biography/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180807060618/https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/douglas-g-hurley/biography/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:8">Kornfeld, Laurel (May 8, 2020). "ASTRONAUT DOUGLAS HURLEY TO SERVE AS DEMO-2 SPACECRAFT COMMANDER". www.spaceflightinsider.com. Spaceflight Insider. Retrieved December 11, 2020. <a href="https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/astronaut-douglas-hurley-to-serve-as-demo-2-spacecraft-commander/" target="_blank">https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/astronaut-douglas-hurley-to-serve-as-demo-2-spacecraft-commander/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">"Douglas G. Hurley (Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps, Ret.) NASA Astronaut". NASA. March 22, 2016. Archived from the original on August 7, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807060618/https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/douglas-g-hurley/biography/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180807060618/https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/douglas-g-hurley/biography/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Kornfeld, Laurel (May 8, 2020). "ASTRONAUT DOUGLAS HURLEY TO SERVE AS DEMO-2 SPACECRAFT COMMANDER". www.spaceflightinsider.com. Spaceflight Insider. Retrieved December 11, 2020. <a href="https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/astronaut-douglas-hurley-to-serve-as-demo-2-spacecraft-commander/" target="_blank">https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/astronaut-douglas-hurley-to-serve-as-demo-2-spacecraft-commander/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:14">NASA (October 2020). "DOUGLAS G. HURLEY Biography" (PDF). jsc.nasa.gov. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/hurley-dg.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/hurley-dg.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">"Douglas G. Hurley (Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps, Ret.) NASA Astronaut". NASA. March 22, 2016. Archived from the original on August 7, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807060618/https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/douglas-g-hurley/biography/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180807060618/https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/douglas-g-hurley/biography/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">NASA (July 9, 2015). "NASA Selects Astronauts for First U.S. Commercial Spaceflights". nasa.gov. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-astronauts-for-first-us-commercial-spaceflights-0" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-astronauts-for-first-us-commercial-spaceflights-0</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">"NASA Assigns Crews to First Test Flights, Missions on Commercial Spacecraft". NASA. August 3, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2018. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-assigns-crews-to-first-test-flights-missions-on-commercial-spacecraft" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-assigns-crews-to-first-test-flights-missions-on-commercial-spacecraft</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Chris G - NSF in Twitter <a href="https://twitter.com/ChrisG_NSF/status/1218968079398555649" target="_blank">https://twitter.com/ChrisG_NSF/status/1218968079398555649</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Chang, Kenneth (May 27, 2020). "Meet Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley, SpaceX's First NASA Astronauts". The New York Times. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/27/science/bob-behnken-doug-hurley.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/27/science/bob-behnken-doug-hurley.html</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Ivan Couronne (May 30, 2020). "Bob and Doug: best friends on historic SpaceX-NASA mission". CTV News. AFP. <a href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/bob-and-doug-best-friends-on-historic-spacex-nasa-mission-1.4961760" target="_blank">https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/bob-and-doug-best-friends-on-historic-spacex-nasa-mission-1.4961760</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Yeung, Lisa (May 30, 2020). "Bob And Doug, SpaceX Astronauts, Remind Canadians Of Iconic SCTV Duo". Huffington Post. Canada. <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/bob-doug-spacex-mckenzie_ca_5ed2cfd6c5b66149dcc834e7" target="_blank">https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/bob-doug-spacex-mckenzie_ca_5ed2cfd6c5b66149dcc834e7</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Chad Pawson (May 30, 2020). "Canada's Bob and Doug take off — eh! — on social media with SpaceX rocket launch". CBC News. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. <a href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/canada-s-bob-and-doug-take-off-eh-on-social-media-with-spacex-rocket-launch-1.5592020" target="_blank">https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/canada-s-bob-and-doug-take-off-eh-on-social-media-with-spacex-rocket-launch-1.5592020</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">"SpaceX and Nasa set to launch astronauts after weather all-clear". Express & Star. May 30, 2020. <a href="https://www.expressandstar.com/news/uk-news/2020/05/30/spacex-and-nasa-set-to-launch-astronauts-after-weather-all-clear/" target="_blank">https://www.expressandstar.com/news/uk-news/2020/05/30/spacex-and-nasa-set-to-launch-astronauts-after-weather-all-clear/</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">Wattles, Jackie (August 3, 2020). "NASA-SpaceX mission: Astronauts splash down after historic mission". CNN. Retrieved June 16, 2021. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/02/tech/nasa-spacex-crew-dragon-mission-sunday-scn/index.html" target="_blank">https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/02/tech/nasa-spacex-crew-dragon-mission-sunday-scn/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Potter, Sean (July 16, 2021). "Trailblazing Astronaut Doug Hurley Retires from NASA". NASA. Retrieved July 16, 2021. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/trailblazing-astronaut-doug-hurley-retires-from-nasa" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/trailblazing-astronaut-doug-hurley-retires-from-nasa</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">Kornfeld, Laurel (May 8, 2020). "ASTRONAUT DOUGLAS HURLEY TO SERVE AS DEMO-2 SPACECRAFT COMMANDER". www.spaceflightinsider.com. Spaceflight Insider. Retrieved December 11, 2020. <a href="https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/astronaut-douglas-hurley-to-serve-as-demo-2-spacecraft-commander/" target="_blank">https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/astronaut-douglas-hurley-to-serve-as-demo-2-spacecraft-commander/</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">"Scoop: SpaceX purchases and outfits two ships, potentially for fairing recovery". Space Explored. August 11, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021. <a href="https://spaceexplored.com/2021/08/10/scoop-spacex-purchases-and-outfits-two-ships-potentially-for-fairing-recovery/" target="_blank">https://spaceexplored.com/2021/08/10/scoop-spacex-purchases-and-outfits-two-ships-potentially-for-fairing-recovery/</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">Pearlman, Robert Z. (January 31, 2023). "SpaceX crewmates Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken awarded Space Medal of Honor". Space.com. Retrieved February 1, 2023. <a href="https://www.space.com/hurley-behnken-congressional-space-medal-honor" target="_blank">https://www.space.com/hurley-behnken-congressional-space-medal-honor</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">Berger, Eric (November 18, 2013). "NASA family out of this world: Astronaut parents disprove that the sky's the limit when it comes to raising their son at home". Houston Space Chronicle. Retrieved November 24, 2013. <a href="http://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/nation-world/article/NASA-family-out-of-this-world-4990062.php?t=896af79058057dc840#/0" target="_blank">http://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/nation-world/article/NASA-family-out-of-this-world-4990062.php?t=896af79058057dc840#/0</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Doug Hurley open-in-new

Doug Hurley