UK Climate Assembly

<h2 id="establishment">Establishment</h2>
A group of 108 UK citizens, chosen to be representative of the UK population, were determined from randomly sampling the population. Invitations to enter a pool of 1,500 people for selection were sent to 30,000 people. Some places were reserved for people from more deprived postcodes, to combat an expected response rate bias. Participants were chosen with a view to be representative of demographics including age, gender, education, ethnicity, location and attitude towards climate change.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1">1</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2">2</a> Chris Stark, Jim Watson, <a href="/facts/Rebecca_Willis/cgJrEVVz">Rebecca Willis</a> and <a href="/facts/Lorraine_Whitmarsh/H5TX9ldo">Lorraine Whitmarsh</a> were the four Expert Leads for this assembly.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a> The group was the second citizen's group formed by the UK government, following a smaller citizen's group on social care in 2018.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> 
Unlike the French <a href="/facts/Citizens_convention_for_ecological_transition/vAGVD5Fk">Citizens convention for ecological transition</a> which is called for by the French government, the assembly was organised by MPs on six parliamentary select committees.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> It was funded by the UK parliament and by the <a href="/facts/European_Climate_Foundation/U4Lrkd03">European Climate Foundation</a> and <a href="/facts/Esm%C3%A9e_Fairbairn_Foundation/PKYs7q1h">Esmée Fairbairn Foundation</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a>

<h2 id="activities">Activities</h2>
The work of the convention was originally planned to be held in person over four weekends. The last weekend was moved online and split over three weekends due to the <a href="/facts/COVID-19_pandemic/0xTsh7Ut">COVID-19 pandemic</a> causing lockdown restrictions in the UK. Discussion took place over the internet, with printed resources sent in the post and the option to join via landline. It ran from January 2020 to May 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a>
The group were first given talks by expert speakers on the subject of climate change. There were 47 speakers, including representatives from the Confederation of British Industry, Trades Union Congress, National Farmers' Union, environmental NGOs and renewable energy companies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a>

<h2 id="outcome">Outcome</h2>
<h3>First principles</h3>
In the first weekend, the citizen chose their priorities. Aims included "informing and educating everyone" and making greener products and services affordable and accessible to all.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> They wanted a "clear, proactive, accountable and consistent" government leadership. Other priorities include natural world protection, engaging local communities and acting with "urgency".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> The group wanted cross-party consensus, as the changes are to be implemented in the next decades by different governments<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a>

<h3>Green Covid-19 recovery plan</h3>
80% of the assembly members voted that government's coronavirus economic recovery measures should be designed to also help the country to meet its target of carbon emissions reduction until reaching net zero in 2050.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a>

<h3>Final report</h3>
The assembly published its final report of 556 pages in September 2020. It recommended changes in all economics sectors. It encouraged meat-and-dairy consumption reduction, switching to zero-carbon heating and generation of clean electricity.
Proposed measures include a levy for frequent fliers, a ban on the sale of petrol, diesel and hybrid cars by 2030-35 and a switch to a more biodiversity-focused farming system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> They preferred "natural" <a href="/facts/Carbon_removal/dY6ADxrJ">carbon removal</a> efforts, such as restoring forests, peatlands and other natural habitats to technical solutions, such as <a href="/facts/Carbon_capture_and_storage/d8DzjobH">carbon capture and storage</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> Each measure is listed with the level of support received in the assembly and the advantages and disadvantages seen by the assembly.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a>

<h2 id="reception">Reception</h2>
Chief executive Chris Stark declared that the <a href="/facts/Committee_on_Climate_Change/r9AU8Fpt">Committee on Climate Change</a> will consider the group's recommendations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a>
The MPs that originated the assembly requested the prime minister to respond to the report before the end of 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a>
Craig Bennett, of <a href="/facts/Friends_of_the_Earth/NwWrr0wh">Friends of the Earth</a>, told the <a href="/facts/Financial_Times/0ndae2YU">Financial Times</a> that the assembly "could play an important role" but should not "delay things further".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a>

<h2 id="impact">Impact</h2>
In July 2021, the <a href="/facts/Business,_Energy_and_Industrial_Strategy_Committee/Dwz9g7Va">Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee</a> published a report on the progress of the group's suggestions which stated "We are disappointed that the Minister has rowed back on the commitment given to us in oral evidence that the Government would provide a comprehensive and point-by-point response to the recommendations in CAUK’s ambitious report."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a>
In November 2021 the <a href="/facts/Westminster_Foundation_for_Democracy/QHhn5TRe">Westminster Foundation for Democracy</a> stated that while the UK Climate Assembly had been considered a success by select committees, its impact had been limited and it "has had an agenda-setting influence at best."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a>

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Climate_and_Ecological_Emergency_Bill/PHEKTB1t">Climate and Ecological Emergency Bill</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Global_Assembly/GRKUSf4c">Global Assembly</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li>Harrabin, Roger (10 September 2020). <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-54087176">"Climate change: Tax frequent fliers and get rid of SUVs, government told"</a>. <a href="/facts/BBC/qFateIz8">BBC</a>.</li>
<li>Laville, Sandra (10 September 2020). <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/10/uk-climate-assembly-economic-recovery-from-covid-must-tackle-global-heating">"UK climate assembly: tax frequent flyers and ban SUVs as part of Covid recovery"</a>. <a href="/facts/The_Guardian/H84wwJYM">The Guardian</a>.</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://www.climateassembly.uk/">Official website</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"What is the Climate Assembly and how does it work?". BBC News. 2020-09-09. Retrieved 2020-09-16. <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/explainers-54090352" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/news/explainers-54090352</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Laville, Sandra (2020-01-22). "UK citizens' climate assembly to meet for first time". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-09-14. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jan/22/uk-citizens-climate-assembly-meet-first-time" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jan/22/uk-citizens-climate-assembly-meet-first-time</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"Lancaster researcher takes leading role in UK Climate Assembly". University of Lancaster. Retrieved 1 December 2020. <a href="https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/news/lancaster-researcher-takes-leading-role-in-uk-climate-assembly" target="_blank">https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/news/lancaster-researcher-takes-leading-role-in-uk-climate-assembly</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"What is the Climate Assembly and how does it work?". BBC News. 2020-09-09. Retrieved 2020-09-16. <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/explainers-54090352" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/news/explainers-54090352</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Harrabin, Roger (2020-01-17). "Citizens' assembly aims to tackle climate change". BBC News. Retrieved 2020-09-14. <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51111796" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51111796</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Frost, Rosie (2020-09-11). "Why are citizens' assemblies on climate change necessary?". Euronews. Retrieved 2020-09-14. <a href="https://www.euronews.com/living/2020/09/11/why-are-citizens-assemblies-on-climate-change-necessary-" target="_blank">https://www.euronews.com/living/2020/09/11/why-are-citizens-assemblies-on-climate-change-necessary-</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"Q&A: How the 'climate assembly' says the UK should reach net-zero". Carbon Brief. 2020-09-09. Retrieved 2020-09-13. <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-the-climate-assembly-says-the-uk-should-reach-net-zero" target="_blank">https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-the-climate-assembly-says-the-uk-should-reach-net-zero</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Murray, Jessica (2020-05-16). "Climate Assembly UK concludes in world transformed by coronavirus". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-09-16. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/may/16/climate-assembly-uk-concludes-in-world-transformed-by-coronavirus" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/may/16/climate-assembly-uk-concludes-in-world-transformed-by-coronavirus</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Laville, Sandra (2020-01-22). "UK citizens' climate assembly to meet for first time". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-09-14. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jan/22/uk-citizens-climate-assembly-meet-first-time" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jan/22/uk-citizens-climate-assembly-meet-first-time</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:11">Smith, Graham. "Citizens' assembly: what we've learned about the kind of climate action the public wants to see". The Conversation. Retrieved 2020-09-18. <a href="https://theconversation.com/citizens-assembly-what-weve-learned-about-the-kind-of-climate-action-the-public-wants-to-see-146161" target="_blank">https://theconversation.com/citizens-assembly-what-weve-learned-about-the-kind-of-climate-action-the-public-wants-to-see-146161</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">"Q&A: How the 'climate assembly' says the UK should reach net-zero". Carbon Brief. 2020-09-09. Retrieved 2020-09-13. <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-the-climate-assembly-says-the-uk-should-reach-net-zero" target="_blank">https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-the-climate-assembly-says-the-uk-should-reach-net-zero</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:14">Vaughan, Adam. "UK citizens' assembly shows big support for green covid-19 recovery". New Scientist. Retrieved 2020-09-14. <a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/2246693-uk-citizens-assembly-shows-big-support-for-green-covid-19-recovery/" target="_blank">https://www.newscientist.com/article/2246693-uk-citizens-assembly-shows-big-support-for-green-covid-19-recovery/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Rowling, Megan (2020-06-22). "UK citizens' assembly backs climate-friendly virus recovery". news.trust.org. Retrieved 2020-09-16. <a href="https://news.trust.org/item/20200622221622-f6c94/" target="_blank">https://news.trust.org/item/20200622221622-f6c94/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">"Q&A: How the 'climate assembly' says the UK should reach net-zero". Carbon Brief. 2020-09-09. Retrieved 2020-09-13. <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-the-climate-assembly-says-the-uk-should-reach-net-zero" target="_blank">https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-the-climate-assembly-says-the-uk-should-reach-net-zero</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Smith, Graham. "Citizens' assembly: what we've learned about the kind of climate action the public wants to see". The Conversation. Retrieved 2020-09-18. <a href="https://theconversation.com/citizens-assembly-what-weve-learned-about-the-kind-of-climate-action-the-public-wants-to-see-146161" target="_blank">https://theconversation.com/citizens-assembly-what-weve-learned-about-the-kind-of-climate-action-the-public-wants-to-see-146161</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"Q&A: How the 'climate assembly' says the UK should reach net-zero". Carbon Brief. 2020-09-09. Retrieved 2020-09-13. <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-the-climate-assembly-says-the-uk-should-reach-net-zero" target="_blank">https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-the-climate-assembly-says-the-uk-should-reach-net-zero</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:21">"Citizens' assembly set to offer UK government climate advice". www.ft.com. Retrieved 2020-09-14. <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/788cccb6-3c4f-11ea-a01a-bae547046735" target="_blank">https://www.ft.com/content/788cccb6-3c4f-11ea-a01a-bae547046735</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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</ol>

UK Climate Assembly open-in-new

UK Climate Assembly