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Thorner
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<h2 id="etymology">Etymology</h2> <p>The name of Thorner is first attested in the 1086 <a href="/facts/Domesday_Book/zTlp51pg">Domesday Book</a> as <i>Torneure</i>, <i>Tornoure</i> and <i>Tornoura</i>. The name comes from the <a href="/facts/Old_English/9rsmQG2a">Old English</a> words <i>þorn</i> ('thorn') and <i>ofer</i> ('bank, slope'), and thus meant "thorn bank".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a>: 97 </p><p>The township and parish of Thorner also included Eltofts, whose name comes from the Old English masculine <a href="/facts/Personal_name/jFhlnLd2">personal name</a> <i>Ella</i> and the Old English word <i>toft</i> (itself borrowed from Old Norse <i>topt</i>), which meant '<a href="/facts/Curtilage/qwpRFrgT">curtilage</a>, <a href="/facts/Messuage/l4mm6IdT">messuage</a>, plot of land with a building'. Thus the name once meant 'Ella's plot of land'.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a>: 45 </p> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>There is archaeological evidence of <a href="/facts/Bronze_Age/c09qWcTt">Bronze Age</a> and <a href="/facts/Anglo-Saxon/qWLes0LP">Anglo-Saxon</a> settlements, while the name St <a href="/facts/Osgyth/8dkdE8sx">Osyth</a>'s Well, just west of the church, refers to a <a href="/facts/Viking_Age/sP3Ax2wX">Viking Age</a> saint.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>The <a href="/facts/Ancient_parish/4GuHX8Wm">ancient parish</a> of Thorner covered 4,400 acres (1,800 ha) in the <a href="/facts/Wapentake/bf6h3RyL">wapentake</a> of <a href="/facts/Skyrack/z450gsM1">Skyrack</a> in the <a href="/facts/West_Riding_of_Yorkshire/Tey2GKGg">West Riding of Yorkshire</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> The parish included the <a href="/facts/Township_(England)/EaLc9o3k">townships</a> of <a href="/facts/Scarcroft/bMP3CoFk">Scarcroft</a> and <a href="/facts/Shadwell,_Leeds/SbkzTw2W">Shadwell</a>, which became separate civil parishes in 1866.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>In 1245 it acquired a market, and the area around Main Street shows a typical <a href="/facts/Middle_Ages/RqzEKB9v">Medieval</a> layout of strips leading from a market street.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> The base of a medieval market cross is on Butts Garth.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> As well as farming, pottery was a local industry in the Middle Ages, supplanted by the <a href="/facts/Textile_industry/KYCR1hcR">textile industry</a> in the 18th and 19th centuries.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Thorner_railway_station/erLb9z5j">Thorner railway station</a> (which also served nearby <a href="/facts/Scarcroft/bMP3CoFk">Scarcroft</a> and was originally called Thorner & Scarcroft, opened 1876 and closed 1964 under the <a href="/facts/Beeching_cuts/fLSHIkkC">Beeching cuts</a> and was demolished and the area developed into housing. It was on the <a href="/facts/Cross_Gates_railway_station/PLIlvmtL">Cross Gates</a> to <a href="/facts/Wetherby/e9FEuKrD">Wetherby</a> Line, which thereby gave access to <a href="/facts/Leeds/YVPtUCt1">Leeds</a> and <a href="/facts/Harrogate/g9uY7W02">Harrogate</a>, with some services running between these two extremes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> This resulted in an increase in housing and a more widespread distribution of agricultural and industrial products<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> with a substantial number of shops.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> The end of the annual agricultural show in 1924 indicates the lesser importance of farming to the community.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> However, from the 1950s local businesses declined as the village population increasingly commuted to larger centres such as <a href="/facts/Leeds/YVPtUCt1">Leeds</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p><p>The former Bishop's House at Eltofts, to the west of Thorner, was the <a href="/facts/Dower_House/cVm7LGCl">Dower House</a> of the <a href="/facts/Earls_of_Mexborough/18BRFNQ4">Earls of Mexborough</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p><p>In 1970 the main part was designated a <a href="/facts/Conservation_area_(United_Kingdom)/05eHRwNL">Conservation Area</a> by <a href="/facts/Leeds_City_Council/5Xf8rRsE">Leeds City Council</a>: in 2009 the area was extended to include the area of Sandhills to the south.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> This has essentially limited industrial development and restricted new housing to the surroundings.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> Many of the properties on Main Street are <a href="/facts/Listed_building/PPx6CnfU">listed buildings</a> along with St Peter's Church (grade II).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p><p>The church of St Peter is built in the later English gothic style and has a square embattled tower. In the graveyard is the memorial to John Philips, who lived to 118 years. A school was built by subscription in 1787, and is now the Parish Centre. Two former <a href="/facts/Methodist_church/XXvj9D0G">Methodist churches</a> in Thorner are now closed, the nineteenth-century former chapel having been converted to flats.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="geography">Geography</h2> <p>Thorner is situated close to the <a href="/facts/A1_road_(Great_Britain)/sg4HcXTm">A1</a>, <a href="/facts/A58_road/RMHcJ2Aa">A58</a> and <a href="/facts/A64_road/qwWqe6H7">A64</a> <a href="/facts/Trunk_roads/bKLawUVq">trunk roads</a>. It is 8 miles (13 km) north-east of <a href="/facts/Leeds_city_centre/Mk98A9BU">Leeds city centre</a> and 7 miles (11 km) to the south-west of Wetherby. The underlying rock is limestone, some of which was burnt into lime and flagstone and slates were quarried.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> </p><p>Travel to and from the village by public transport is via the number 7 bus route (operated by the <a href="/facts/Transdev_Harrogate_%26_District/jGos757c">Transdev Harrogate & District</a> bus company). The journey takes roughly half an hour from Leeds, 20 minutes from <a href="/facts/Wetherby/e9FEuKrD">Wetherby</a> and an hour from <a href="/facts/Harrogate/g9uY7W02">Harrogate</a>. </p> <h2 id="features">Features</h2> <p>Thorner has no street lighting. The village has two <a href="/facts/Public_houses/1vDaSw0H">public houses</a>, the Mexborough Arms and The Fox. There is no longer a <a href="/facts/Post_office/f8jr8z0E">post office</a> or a village shop, but there is a delicatessen, a hairdresser's and a restaurant, formerly The Beehive pub. Social amenities include the Parish Centre next to the church, the Victory Hall in Carr Lane, an over-60s centre, a <a href="/facts/Bowling_green/BxbfMzsc">bowling green</a>, tennis courts and cricket and football pitches. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li>Listed buildings in Thorner</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.thornervillage.org.uk/index.php?page=Front_Page">Thorner Parish Council web page</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.thornervillage.org.uk">Thorner Village Website</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/WRY/Thorner/index.html">"The Ancient Parish of Thorner"</a>. <a href="/facts/GENUKI/d3G98HXB">GENUKI</a>. Retrieved 29 October 2007.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Thorner Parish (E04000210)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 19 October 2019. <a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census" target="_blank">/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Harry Parkin, Your City's Place-Names: Leeds, English Place-Name Society City-Names Series, 3 (Nottingham: English Place-Names Society, 2017). <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Harry Parkin, Your City's Place-Names: Leeds, English Place-Name Society City-Names Series, 3 (Nottingham: English Place-Names Society, 2017). <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Thorner Conservation Area Appraisal Plan" (PDF). www.leeds.gov.uk. Leeds City Council. 12 January 2009. Retrieved 4 September 2019. <a href="https://www.leeds.gov.uk/docs/thorner%20conservation%20area%20appraisal%20and%20management%20plan%20final%20version.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.leeds.gov.uk/docs/thorner%20conservation%20area%20appraisal%20and%20management%20plan%20final%20version.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Lewis, Samuel (1848). A Topographical Dictionary of England. British History Online. pp. 331–335. Retrieved 16 January 2011. <a href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51335#s18" target="_blank">http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51335#s18</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Vision of Britain website <a href="http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10471412" target="_blank">http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10471412</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Thorner Conservation Area Appraisal Plan" (PDF). www.leeds.gov.uk. Leeds City Council. 12 January 2009. Retrieved 4 September 2019. <a href="https://www.leeds.gov.uk/docs/thorner%20conservation%20area%20appraisal%20and%20management%20plan%20final%20version.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.leeds.gov.uk/docs/thorner%20conservation%20area%20appraisal%20and%20management%20plan%20final%20version.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Historic England. "Cross Base and Shaft Approximately 20 Metres North West of Butts Garth House (1265235)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 September 2019. <a href="/wiki/Historic_England" target="_blank">/wiki/Historic_England</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Thorner Conservation Area Appraisal Plan" (PDF). www.leeds.gov.uk. Leeds City Council. 12 January 2009. Retrieved 4 September 2019. <a href="https://www.leeds.gov.uk/docs/thorner%20conservation%20area%20appraisal%20and%20management%20plan%20final%20version.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.leeds.gov.uk/docs/thorner%20conservation%20area%20appraisal%20and%20management%20plan%20final%20version.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Catford, Nick (26 May 2017). "Station Name: Thorner". www.disused-stations.org.uk. Retrieved 4 September 2019. <a href="http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/t/thorner/index.shtml" target="_blank">http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/t/thorner/index.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Thorner Conservation Area Appraisal Plan" (PDF). www.leeds.gov.uk. Leeds City Council. 12 January 2009. Retrieved 4 September 2019. <a href="https://www.leeds.gov.uk/docs/thorner%20conservation%20area%20appraisal%20and%20management%20plan%20final%20version.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.leeds.gov.uk/docs/thorner%20conservation%20area%20appraisal%20and%20management%20plan%20final%20version.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"History of Business in Thorner 1900–2000". www.thornerhistory.org.uk. Leeds Metropolitan University. Retrieved 4 September 2019. <a href="http://www.thornerhistory.org.uk/publications/history-of-business-in-thorner-1900-2000/" target="_blank">http://www.thornerhistory.org.uk/publications/history-of-business-in-thorner-1900-2000/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"History of Business in Thorner 1900–2000". www.thornerhistory.org.uk. Leeds Metropolitan University. Retrieved 4 September 2019. <a href="http://www.thornerhistory.org.uk/publications/history-of-business-in-thorner-1900-2000/" target="_blank">http://www.thornerhistory.org.uk/publications/history-of-business-in-thorner-1900-2000/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"History of Business in Thorner 1900–2000". www.thornerhistory.org.uk. Leeds Metropolitan University. Retrieved 4 September 2019. <a href="http://www.thornerhistory.org.uk/publications/history-of-business-in-thorner-1900-2000/" target="_blank">http://www.thornerhistory.org.uk/publications/history-of-business-in-thorner-1900-2000/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Historic England. "THE BISHOP'S HOUSE (1265220)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 23 December 2020. <a href="/wiki/Historic_England" target="_blank">/wiki/Historic_England</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Thorner Conservation Area Appraisal Plan" (PDF). www.leeds.gov.uk. Leeds City Council. 12 January 2009. Retrieved 4 September 2019. <a href="https://www.leeds.gov.uk/docs/thorner%20conservation%20area%20appraisal%20and%20management%20plan%20final%20version.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.leeds.gov.uk/docs/thorner%20conservation%20area%20appraisal%20and%20management%20plan%20final%20version.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"History of Business in Thorner 1900–2000". www.thornerhistory.org.uk. Leeds Metropolitan University. Retrieved 4 September 2019. <a href="http://www.thornerhistory.org.uk/publications/history-of-business-in-thorner-1900-2000/" target="_blank">http://www.thornerhistory.org.uk/publications/history-of-business-in-thorner-1900-2000/</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"Listed Buildings in Thorner, Leeds". britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 4 September 2019. <a href="https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/england/thorner-leeds" target="_blank">https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/england/thorner-leeds</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Lewis, Samuel (1848). A Topographical Dictionary of England. British History Online. pp. 331–335. Retrieved 16 January 2011. <a href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51335#s18" target="_blank">http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51335#s18</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Lewis, Samuel (1848). A Topographical Dictionary of England. British History Online. pp. 331–335. Retrieved 16 January 2011. <a href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51335#s18" target="_blank">http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51335#s18</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>