NRLMSISE-00

<h2 id="development">Development</h2>
<p>The model, developed by Mike Picone, Alan Hedin, and Doug Drob, is based on the earlier models MSIS-86 and MSISE-90, but updated with actual satellite drag data. It also predicts <a href="/facts/Anomalous_oxygen/HgfzaE5r">anomalous oxygen</a>.
</p><p><i>NRL</i> stands for the <a href="/facts/US_Naval_Research_Laboratory/brXxYx34">US Naval Research Laboratory</a>. MSIS<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> stands for mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter radar, the two primary data sources for development of earlier versions of the model. <i>E</i> indicates that the model extends from the ground through <a href="/facts/Exosphere/7vTtk7qC">exosphere</a> and <i>00</i> is the year of release.
</p><p>Over the years since introduction, NRLMSISE-00 has become the standard for international space research.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="input-and-output">Input and output</h2>
<p>The inputs for the model are:
</p>
<ul><li>Year and day</li>
<li>time of day</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Altitude/B5eNVurK">geodetic altitude</a> from 0 to 1,000 km</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Latitude/IBYqkjhU">geodetic latitude</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Longitude/HsC61ML9">longitude</a></li>
<li>local apparent solar time</li>
<li>81-day average of F10.7 solar flux</li>
<li>daily F10.7 solar flux for previous day</li>
<li>Daily magnetic index</li></ul>
<p>The outputs of the model are:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Helium/yRul93TG">Helium</a> <a href="/facts/Number_density/qtyDnLhz">number density</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Oxygen/acyn6o8r">Oxygen</a> (O) number density</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Oxygen/acyn6o8r">Oxygen</a> (O2) number density</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Nitrogen/Nf1QpGDz">Nitrogen</a> (N) number density</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Nitrogen/Nf1QpGDz">Nitrogen</a> (N2) number density</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Argon/QX6NRH6d">Argon</a> (Ar) number density</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Hydrogen/BoYHjl0J">Hydrogen</a> (H) number density</li>
<li>total mass density</li>
<li>Anomalous oxygen number density</li>
<li>Exospheric temperature</li>
<li>temperature at altitude</li></ul>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Static_atmospheric_model/EHzlURfA">Static atmospheric model</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/International_Standard_Atmosphere/Q7FXUDnu">International Standard Atmosphere</a> links to 1976 standard.</li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009430">Publication</a></li>
<li><a href="https://swx-trec.com/msis/">Interactive Visualization</a></li>
<li><a href="https://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/modelweb/atmospheric/msis/nrlmsise00/">C and Fortran source code</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/graziano-giuliani/Meteostuff/tree/master/NRLMSIS_F90">F90 source code</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pastebin.com/yA1Wi1rc">MATLAB mex bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="https://gitlab.orekit.org/orekit/orekit/-/blob/master/src/main/java/org/orekit/models/earth/atmosphere/NRLMSISE00.java">Java code</a> in <a href="https://orekit.org">Orekit</a> space dynamics library</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Picone, J. M.; Hedin, A. E.; Drob, D. P.; Aikin, A. C. (2002-12-01). "NRLMSISE-00 empirical model of the atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific issues". Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 107 (A12): 1468. Bibcode:2002JGRA..107.1468P. doi:10.1029/2002JA009430. hdl:2060/20020038771. ISSN 2156-2202. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Coulson, Dolores M. & Roth, Katherine C., Adaptive Optics Systems II. Edited by Ellerbroek, Brent L.; Hart, Michael; Hubin, Norbert; Wizinowich, Peter L. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 7736, pp. 773652-773652-9 (2010) <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>"Trademark Status & Document Retrieval". tsdr.uspto.gov. Retrieved 2017-02-10. <a href="http://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=85741076&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearch" target="_blank">http://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=85741076&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearch</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>"Empirical Modeling of the Upper Atmosphere: NRLMSISE-00, HWM07, and G2S | Space Science Division". www.nrl.navy.mil. Archived from the original on 2016-12-11. Retrieved 2019-11-24. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161211130429/https://www.nrl.navy.mil/ssd/branches/7630/modeling-upper-atmosphere" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20161211130429/https://www.nrl.navy.mil/ssd/branches/7630/modeling-upper-atmosphere</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

NRLMSISE-00 open-in-new

NRLMSISE-00