Yoga Vasistha

<h2 id="nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2>
The name Vasistha in the title of the text refers to <a href="/facts/Rishi/NldeF2Y3">Rishi</a> Vasistha.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> The term Yoga in the text refers to the underlying Yogic theme in its stories and dialogues, and the term is used in a generic sense to include all forms of <a href="/facts/Yoga/9chp89lL">yoga</a> in the pursuit of liberation, in the style of <a href="/facts/Bhagavad_Gita/hMnHVqcD">Bhagavad Gita</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a>
The long version of the text is called Brihat Yoga Vasistha, wherein Brihat means "great or large". The short version of the text is called Laghu Yoga Vasishta, wherein Laghu means "short or small".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> The longer version is also referred to simply as Yoga Vasistha and by numerous other names such as Vasiṣṭha Ramayana.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a>

<h2 id="dating">Dating</h2>
See also: <a href="/facts/Kashmir/Rok34JM5">Buddhism and Hinduism in Kashmir</a> and <a href="/facts/Kashmir_Shaivism/pQ7W97Uu">Kashmir Shaivism</a>

The date or century of the text's composition or compilation is unknown, and variously estimated from the content and references it makes to other literature, other schools of Indian philosophies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> Scholars agree that the surviving editions of the text were composed in the common era, but disagree whether it was completed in the first millennium or second. Estimates range, states Chapple, from "as early as the sixth or seventh century, to as late as the fourteenth century".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a>

<h3>References to contemporaries</h3>
The surviving text mentions <a href="/facts/Yogachara/KYfWVJ10">Vijnanavada</a> and <a href="/facts/Madhyamaka/l9cTXysP">Madhyamaka</a> schools of Buddhism by name, suggesting that the corresponding sections were composed after those schools were established, or about 5th-century.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> The translation of a version of the text in 14th- to 15th-century into Persian, has been the basis of the other limit, among scholars such as Farquhar in 1922.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a>
Atreya in 1935 suggested that the text must have preceded <a href="/facts/Gaudapada/PodAVfas">Gaudapada</a> and <a href="/facts/Adi_Shankara/QU5pCWV6">Adi Shankara</a>, because it does not use their terminology, but does mention many Buddhist terms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> Dasgupta, a contemporary of Atreya, states that the text includes verses of earlier text, such as its III.16.50 is identical to one found in Kalidasa's Kumarasambhava, thus the text must be placed after the 5th-century.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a> Dasgupta adds that the philosophy and ideas presented in Yoga Vasistha mirror those found in <a href="/facts/Advaita_Vedanta/7Md58suk">Advaita Vedanta</a> of Adi Shankara, but neither mention the other, which probably means that the author(s) of Yoga Vasistha were scholars who lived in the same century as Shankara, placing the text in about 7th- to early 8th-century.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a> The shorter summary version of the text is attributed to the Kashmiri scholar Abhinanda, who has been variously dated to have lived in 9th- or 10th-century.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a>

<h3>Evolving text theory</h3>
Mainkar states that Yoga Vasistha probably evolved over time. The first work, states Mainkar, was the original ancient work of Vasistha that was an <a href="/facts/Upanishad/hr64Hhdn">Upanishad</a> with Brahamanical ideas, a work that is lost.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a> This text, suggests Mainkar, was expanded into <a href="/facts/Moksopaya/5fXysVhL">Moksopaya</a> in or after 6th-century, which is now commonly known as Laghu-Yogavasistha.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a> The Laghu (shorter) version was then expanded into the full editions, over time, in the centuries that followed the completion of Laghu-Yogavasistha.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> The syncretic incorporation of Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism ideas happened in the Laghu-Yogavasistha edition, states Mainkar, while ideas from Kashmiri Shaivism, particularly the Trika school, were added to the growing version by the 12th-century.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a> Similar serial expansion, revisions and interpolation is typical in Indian literature. Peter Thomi has published additional evidence in support Mainkar's theory on Yoga Vasistha's chronology.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a>
The oldest surviving manuscript of the <a href="/facts/Moksopaya/5fXysVhL">Moksopaya</a> (or Moksopaya Shastra) has been dated to have been composed in <a href="/facts/Srinagar/kxwAm8Pl">Srinagar</a> in the 10th century AD.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a>

<h2 id="author">Author</h2>
The Yoga Vasistha is traditionally attributed to Maharishi Valmiki, the author of the Ramayana. However, scholars are uncertain about the exact authorship and date of composition. It is likely that the text evolved over several centuries, starting as an ancient Upanishadic work and expanding into the Moksopaya in the 6th century CE. The text reached its current form between the 10th and 14th centuries, incorporating influences from various Indian philosophical traditions, including Buddhism, Jainism, and Kashmiri Shaivism."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a>

<h2 id="composition">Composition</h2>

<h3>Number of verses</h3>
The text exists in many editions of manuscripts with varying number of verses, but similar message. The full editions contain over 29,000,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a> to a few with 32,000 verses,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a> and in some editions about 36,000 verses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a> The Nirnaya Sagar version of Yoga Vasistha manuscript has 1146 verses in the first Book, 807 in second, 6304 verses in third, 2414 verses in the fourth book, 4322 in the fifth, while the last is longest with 14,296 verses, for a cumulative total of 29,289 verses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a> An abridged version by Abhinanda of Kashmir (son of <a href="/facts/Jayanta_Bhatta/w2LtIeJ7">Jayanta Bhatta</a>) is Laghu ("Little") Yogavasistha and contains 6,000 verses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a>

<h3>Structure</h3>
The verses of Yoga Vasistha are structured in the genre of ancient Indian literature, called Grantha.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a> In this genre, each Shloka (verse) in the text is designed to equal 32 syllables, while conveying its message.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a> A Grantha can be sung and depending on its meter, set to specific <a href="/facts/Raga/BAL7eFMH">Raga</a> music. This genre is found in <a href="/facts/Bhakti_movement/yASKGhTd">Bhakti movement</a> literature, and Yoga Vasistha's Advaita theories and monism influenced the Grantha literature of Sikhism, whose primary scripture is called <a href="/facts/Guru_Granth_Sahib/BrSkBs8H">Guru Granth Sahib</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a>

<h3>Influences</h3>
The Yoga Vasistha is a <a href="/facts/Syncretism/q4IMH40F">syncretic</a> work, containing elements of <a href="/facts/Advaita_Vedanta/7Md58suk">Advaita Vedanta</a>, <a href="/facts/Yoga/9chp89lL">Yoga</a>, <a href="/facts/Samkhya/KWysYyfE">Samkhya</a>, <a href="/facts/Jainism/h0glxhjH">Jainism</a>, <a href="/facts/Pratyabhijna/xlhz1JSU">Pratyabhijña</a>, <a href="/facts/Trika/pQ7W97Uu">Saivite Trika</a>, and <a href="/facts/Mahayana_Buddhism/hxwvCFe3">Mahayana Buddhism</a>, thus making it, according to Chapple, "a Hindu text par excellence, including, as does Hinduism, a mosaic-style amalgam of diverse and sometimes opposing traditions".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a>

<h3>Content</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/Contents_and_stories_of_the_Yoga_Vasistha/HlyVtVPx">Contents and stories of the Yoga Vasistha</a>

This is one of the longest Hindu texts in Sanskrit after the <a href="/facts/Mahabharata/EKbN9XwS">Mahabharata</a>, and an important text of <a href="/facts/Yoga/9chp89lL">Yoga</a>. It consists of <a href="/facts/Contents_and_stories_of_the_Yoga_Vasistha/HlyVtVPx">numerous short stories and anecdotes</a> used to help illustrate its ideas and message. In terms of <a href="/facts/Hindu_mythology/IcSsm5Aw">Hindu mythology</a>, the conversation in the Yoga Vasishta is placed chronologically before the <a href="/facts/Ramayana/z2DykxzF">Ramayana</a>.
The traditional belief is that reading this book leads to spiritual liberation. The conversation between Vasistha and Prince Rama is that between a great, enlightened sage and a seeker of liberation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a> The text discusses consciousness, cosmology, nature of the universe and consciousness, the ultimate dissolution of body, the <a href="/facts/Liberty/fHvkBVSv">liberation</a> of the <a href="/facts/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)/8X7tehzj">soul</a> and the non-dual nature of existence.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a>
The text consists of six books:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a>

<ul><li>Vairagya-prakaranam (Dispassion): This book introduces Prince Rama's existential crisis, highlighting the transient nature of life and human suffering.</li>
<li>Mumukshuvayahara-prakaranam (Behavior of the Seeker): It focuses on the qualities required for spiritual liberation, emphasizing self-effort and the desire for moksha (liberation).</li>
<li>Utpatti-prakaranam (Arising and Birth): This section delves into cosmology and the spiritual awakening of Rama, exploring the origins of the universe and consciousness.</li>
<li>Sthiti-prakaranam (Existence and Settling): The text discusses the nature of existence, free will, and human creativity, presenting numerous stories to illustrate these concepts.</li>
<li>Upashama-prakaranam (Tranquility): This book explores the practice of meditation and the dissolution of dualistic thought, guiding the seeker toward inner peace.</li>
<li>Nirvana-prakaranam (Liberation): The final book describes the state of enlightenment achieved by Rama, offering insights into the experience of nirvana and the nature of ultimate reality.</li></ul>
<h2 id="notable-ideas">Notable ideas</h2>
<h3>On Human Intellect</h3>
The Yoga Vāsiṣṭha states the following on the credibility of the provider and seeker of knowledge through these words.'Even a young boy's words are to be accepted if they are words of wisdom, else, reject it like straw even if uttered by Brahmā the creator.'<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a>
<h3>On who is ready for spiritual knowledge</h3>
The Yoga Vasistha states that there are four characteristics that mark someone ready for spiritual journey who:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a>

<ol><li>Senses the difference between <a href="/facts/Atman_(Hinduism)/8X7tehzj">atman</a> (soul) and non-atman</li>
<li>Is past cravings for anyone or anything, is indifferent to the enjoyments of objects in this world or after</li>
<li>Is virtuous and ethical with Sama (equality),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a> <a href="/facts/Temperance_(virtue)/1RLsMLke">Dama</a> (self-restraint, temperance), Uparati (quietism),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a> Titiksha (patience, endurance),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a> Sandhana (uniting, peace)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a> and Sraddha (faith, trust)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a></li>
<li>Has Mumukshatva, that is longing for meaning in life and liberation</li></ol>
<h3>On the process of spiritual knowledge</h3>
Yoga Vasistha teachings are divided into six parts: dispassion, qualifications of the seeker, creation, existence, dissolution and liberation. It sums up the spiritual process in the seven Bhoomikas:

<ol><li>Śubhecchā (longing for the Truth): The yogi (or sādhaka) rightly distinguishes between permanent and impermanent; cultivates dislike for worldly pleasures; acquires mastery over his physical and mental faculties; and feels a deep yearning to be free from Saṃsāra.</li>
<li>Vicāraṇa (right inquiry): The yogi has pondered over what he or she has read and heard, and has realized it in his or her life.</li>
<li>Tanumānasa (attenuation – or thinning out – of mental activities): The mind abandons the many, and remains fixed on the One.</li>
<li>Sattvāpatti (attainment of <a href="/facts/Sattva/joglf0pl">sattva</a>, "reality"): The Yogi, at this stage, is called Brahmavid ("knower of Brahman"). In the previous four stages, the yogi is subject to sañcita, Prārabdha and Āgamī forms of karma. He or she has been practicing Samprajñāta Samādhi (contemplation), in which the consciousness of duality still exists.</li>
<li>Asaṃsakti (unaffected by anything): The yogi (now called Brahmavidvara) performs his or her necessary duties, without a sense of involvement.</li>
<li>Padārtha abhāvana (sees Brahman everywhere): External things do not appear to exist to the yogi (now called Brahmavidvarīyas); in essence there is a non-cognition of 'objects' as the separation between subject and a distinct object is dissolved; and tasks get performed without any sense of agency (doership). Sañcita and Āgamī karma are now destroyed; only a small amount of Prārabdha karma remains.</li>
<li>Turīya (perpetual samādhi): The yogi is known as Brahmavidvariṣṭha and does not perform activities, either by his will or the promptings of others.</li></ol>
<h3>On liberation</h3>
In Chapter 2 of Book VI, titled as The story of Iksvaku, the text explains the state of <a href="/facts/Moksha/b3uuA7jI">nirvana</a> (liberation) as follows, "Liberation is peace. Liberation is extinction of all conditioning. Liberation is freedom from every kind of physical, psychological and psychic distress. This world is not seen by the ignorant and the wise in the same light. To one who has attained self-knowledge, this world does not appear as <a href="/facts/Samsara/Iwy5Ukmq">samsara</a>, but as the one infinite and indivisible consciousness".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a>

<h3>On Jivanmukta</h3>
The Yoga Vasistha describes the Jivanmukta, or liberated person, as follows (abridged from the 1896 translation by KN Aiyer):

<ul><li>He associates with the wise. He has reached the state of mind, which sees happiness everywhere. To him, neither sacrificial fires, nor Tapas, nor bounteous gifts nor holy waters have any meaning. He is replete with wisdom and friendly to all.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a></li>
<li>He is desireless and in his eyes there is nothing supernatural. His state is indescribable and yet he will move in the world like anybody else. His mind will not be bound by any longings after <a href="/facts/Karma/lI4wDYby">Karmas</a>. He will be indifferent to joy or pains arising from good or bad results. He will preserve a pleasant position in the happy enjoyment of whatever he obtains.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a></li>
<li>He is never affected by anything, whether he is in a state of Jiva consciousness or state of Shiva devoid of the Jiva consciousness.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a></li>
<li>He is same whether he moves in a family or is a solitary recluse.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a></li>
<li>He feels unbound by the delusions of Srutis and Smritis.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a></li>
<li>Nothing matters to him, he is unaffected by griefs or pleasures. He is distant, he is close, he in the one Reality of Atman.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a> He is neither clingy nor arrogant.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a></li>
<li>He has no fear of anyone, no anger against anyone.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a></li>
<li>When the attraction towards external objects ceases, then there yet remains the internal craving which is called Trishna (thirst). The Jivanmukta is beyond Trishna. He is, not becoming. He does not even long for salvation. He is content.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a></li>
<li>A Jivanmukta will always transact his present duties, but neither longs for things in the future, nor ruminates upon things of the past.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a></li>
<li>He is a child amongst children; as old men amongst the old; as the puissant amongst the puissant; as a youth amongst the young, compassionate and understanding with the grieved.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a></li>
<li>In him is found nobleness, benevolence, love, clearness of intellect.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a></li></ul>
<h3>On Samsara and reality</h3>

The Yoga Vasistha describes samsara and reality as follows:

<ul><li>Samsara is mundane existence with rebirths.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a></li>
<li>The universe is full of Samsara driven by Moha (delusion), bondage, Tamas (destructive, chaotic behaviors), Mala (impurity), Avidya and Maya.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a></li>
<li>Ignorance feeds samsara, self-knowledge liberates.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a></li>
<li>Samsara is ephemeral and unreal. With birth, death is inevitable.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="commentaries">Commentaries</h2>
The following traditional Sanskrit commentaries on the Yoga Vasistha are extant:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a>

<ul><li>Vāsiṣṭha-rāmāyaṇa-candrikā by Advayāraṇya (son of Narahari)</li>
<li>Tātparya prakāśa by ānanda Bodhendra Sarasvatī</li>
<li>Bhāṣya by Gaṅgādharendra</li>
<li>Pada candrikā by Mādhava Sarasvatī</li></ul>
<h2 id="influence">Influence</h2>
The Yoga Vasistha is a key text for understanding the late medieval synthesis of various Indian philosophical traditions. The Yoga Vasistha, states David Gordon White, was one of the popular texts on Yoga that dominated the Indian Yoga culture scene before the 12th-century.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a> It has, states White, served as a reference on <a href="/facts/Yoga/9chp89lL">Yoga</a> for medieval era <a href="/facts/Advaita_Vedanta/7Md58suk">Advaita Vedanta</a> scholars.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a> According to Ayer, it is particularly associated with drsti-srsti subschool of Advaita which holds that the "whole world of things is the object of mind".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a>
The practice of atma-vichara, "self-enquiry," described in the Yoga Vasistha, has been popularised due to the influence of Ramana Maharshi, who was strongly influenced by this text.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a>

<h2 id="translations">Translations</h2>
<h3>Indian languages</h3>
Originally written in Sanskrit, the Yoga Vasistha has been translated into many <a href="/facts/Languages_of_India/6XDhJrTq">Indian languages</a>, and the stories are told to children in various forms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a> There are <a href="https://www.hariomgroup.org/books/shri-yogavashishtha-maharamayan">multiple collections</a> of audio, video and mini-articles available on the scripture.

<h4>Telugu translations</h4>
Complete translation

<ul><li>Vasishtha Rama Samvaadam, Sri Yeleswarapu Hanuma Ramakrishna.</li>
<li>Yogavasishtha hridayamu in seven Parts by Kuppa Venkata Krishnamurthy, also rendered into English by Vemuri Ramesam.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a></li>
<li>Yoga Vasistha Ratnakaram, <a href="/facts/Swami_Vidya_Prakashananda_Giri/kqABbtMW">Swami Vidya Prakashananda Giri</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a></li></ul>
Copies of the Telugu and English versions were also published by Avadhoota Datta Peetham, Mysore 570025, India
<h4>Kannada Translations</h4>
<ul><li>Yogavasista Set Of 8 Vols - is a translation and commentary in Kannada by Devudu Narasimha Shastry published by Hemantha Sahithya<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a></li>
<li>Yogavasista - is an abridged translation and commentary in Kannada by Nagesh R Kulkarni published by Samaja Pustakalaya<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a></li></ul>
<h4>Malayalam Translations</h4>
<ul><li>Vasishtasudha - Yogavasishtasaram is a translation and commentary in Malayalam by Professor G Balakrishnan Nair<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a></li></ul>
<h3>Persian</h3>

During the <a href="/facts/Mughal_Dynasty/5VqYddK1">Mughal Dynasty</a> the text was translated into <a href="/facts/Persian_language/jfUYbHbt">Persian</a> several times, as ordered by <a href="/facts/Akbar/e92T534P">Akbar</a>, <a href="/facts/Jahangir/pPlr6Qce">Jahangir</a> and <a href="/facts/Darah_Shikuh/LbpzVKn0">Darah Shikuh</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a> One of these translations was undertaken by Nizam al-Din Panipati in the late sixteenth century AD. This translation, known as the Jug-Basisht, which has since become popular in <a href="/facts/Persia/24yukge8">Persia</a> among intellectuals interested in <a href="/facts/Indo-Persian_culture/yMEcK0ET">Indo-Persian culture</a>. The <a href="/facts/Safavid/WPHAaz8e">Safavid</a>-era mystic <a href="/facts/Mir_Findiriski/fD5Pc6RI">Mir Findiriski</a> (d. 1641) commented on selected passages of Jug-Basisht.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a>

<h3>Russian</h3>
The unabridged text is currently being translated into Russian<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a> and published by Swamini Vidyananda Saraswati, first five books are completed by 2017.

<h3>English translations</h3>
Yoga Vasistha was translated into English by Swami Jyotirmayananda, <a href="/facts/Swami_Venkatesananda/ExIFh5Dg">Swami Venkatesananda</a>, Vidvan Bulusu Venkateswaraulu and Vihari Lal Mitra. K. Naryanaswami Aiyer translated the well-known abridged version, Laghu-Yoga-Vasistha. In 2009, <a href="/facts/Swami_Tejomayananda/Y7NG8h8m">Swami Tejomayananda</a>'s Yoga Vasistha Sara Sangrah was published by the Central Chinmaya Mission Trust. In this version the Laghu-Yoga-Vasistha has been condensed to 86 verses, arranged into seven chapters. A list of all known English translations follows:

1) Complete translation

<ul><li><a href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006660116">The Yoga-Vásishtha-Mahárámáyana of Válmiki</a>, Translated by Vihārilāla Mitra (1891-1899), <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6953699">6953699</a></li>
<li>The Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki in 4 vols. in 7 pts. (bound in 4). Translated by Vihari-Lala Mitra. Reprinted in LPP (Low Price Publications), New Delhi, 1999. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 81-7536-179-4 (set)</li></ul>
<ul><li>The above have been published as e-books at the Gutenberg Project.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a></li></ul>
<ul><li>The above has been compiled as plain text in a single file, to facilitate searches: <a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/663078494/Yoga-Vasishtha-Complete-as-Plain-Text-Gutenberg-Project">https://www.scribd.com/document/663078494/Yoga-Vasishtha-Complete-as-Plain-Text-Gutenberg-Project</a></li></ul>
<ul><li>Yoga Vasishtha of Valmiki (4 volumes & unabridged). Translated by Vihārilāla Mitra (1891-1899). Edited by Dr. Ravi Prakash Arya (1st. ed. 1998), to include Sanskrit text with english translation. Parimal Publications, Delhi.</li>
<li>An edited version (ed. by Palotas) of the above as e-book (free) is available<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a></li></ul>
2) Abbreviated versions

<ul><li>Vālmīki (1896). <a href="https://archive.org/stream/yogavasishtalagh00aiyeuoft#page/n3/mode/2up">Yoga-Vâsishta: Laghu, the Smaller</a>. trans. K Nārāyaṇaswāmi Aiyar. Madras: Thompson and Co. p. 346 pages. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/989105">989105</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Swami_Venkatesananda/ExIFh5Dg">Venkatesananda, Swami</a> (1993). Vasiṣṭha's Yoga. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 768. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-585-06801-1. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43475324">43475324</a>. Abbreviated to about one-third of the original work.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Swami_Venkatesananda/ExIFh5Dg">Venkatesananda, Swami</a> (1984). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IbqFcTyGlEgC">The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha</a>. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 430. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-87395-955-8. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11044869">11044869</a>. A shorter version of the above.</li>
<li>The Essence of Yogavaasishtha [Sri Vasishthasangraha]. Compiled by Sri Jnanananda Bharati. Translated by Samvid. Samata Books 1982, 2002. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 81-85208-14-X. Printed in India. 344 pp.</li>
<li>Yoga Vasishta Sara (The Essence of Yoga Vasishta). An English Translation from the Sanskrit Original. Sri Ramanasramam, Tiruvannamalai, 1973, 2005. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 81-88018-45-7. 36 pp.</li>
<li>The Essence of Yogavaasishtha. Compiled by Sri Jnanananda Bharati. Translated by Samvid. Samata Books 1982, 2002. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 81-85208-14-X. 344 pp.</li>
<li>Tejomayananda, Swami: Yoga Vasishta Sara Sangraha. Central Chinmaya Mission Trust, Mumbai 1998</li>
<li>Jyotirmayananda, Swami: Yoga Vasistha. Vol. 1–5. Yoga Research Foundation, Miami 1977. <a href="http://www.yrf.org">http://www.yrf.org</a></li>
<li>Abhinanda, Pandita (2003). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tq9TSJGtemsC">The Yoga Vasishta (Abridged Version)</a>. trans. K.N. Subramanian. Chennai: Sura Books. p. 588 pages. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9788174784223.</li>
<li>Vālmīki (1930). <a href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/yvhf/index.htm">Yoga Vashisht or Heaven Found</a>. trans. Rishi Singh Gherwal. Santa Barbara, USA: Author. p. 185 pages.</li></ul>
<h3>Portuguese translations</h3>
Yoga Vasistha was translated in 2018, from English into Portuguese by Eleonora Meier for Satsang Editora (Brazilian publisher) of the version of Swami Venkatesananda and it is available at www.lojasatsangeditora.com.br - <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-85-92598-26-6 - Páginas: 848 <a href="/facts/Swami_Venkatesananda/ExIFh5Dg">Swami Venkatesananda</a>.

<h3>Latvian</h3>
Vāsišthas joga. Svami Venkatesananda, 2020, 630 pp. A Latvian translation by Inese Kausa, publisher www.svami.lv

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Valmiki/FEhncSeN">Valmiki</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Vasistha/IxxKffcB">Vasistha</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Valmiki_Samhita/yqMFeEIV">Valmiki Samhita</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Maithili_Maha_Upanishad/9NVKAz02">Maithili Maha Upanishad</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Vaishnava_Matabja_Bhaskara/zkHKFUAY">Vaishnava Matabja Bhaskara</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ramayana/z2DykxzF">Ramayana</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="sources">Sources</h2>

<ul><li>Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC">The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha</a>. Translated by <a href="/facts/Swami_Venkatesananda/ExIFh5Dg">Venkatesananda, Swami</a>. Albany: State University of New York Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-87395-955-8. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11044869">11044869</a>.</li>
<li>Friesen, J. Glenn (2006), Ramana Maharshi: Hindu and non-Hindu Interpretations of a Jivanmukta</li>
<li>Leslie, Julia (2003). <a href="https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl">Authority and meaning in Indian religions: Hinduism and the case of Vālmīki</a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-7546-3431-0.</li></ul>

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li>Chapple, Christopher Key; Chakrabarti, Arindam (2015). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=afrdCgAAQBAJ">Engaged Emancipation: Mind, Morals, and Make-Believe in the Moksopaya (Yogavasistha)</a>. State University of New York Press, Albany. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1438458681.</li>
<li><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q6VHAQAAMAAJ">Yoga-vásishtha-mahárámáyana of Válmiki</a> at <a href="/facts/Google_Books/lnGRMWXs">Google Books</a> By Vihari Lal Mitra (1891), First Translation</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/ShriYogavasishtha1">PDF of Hindi Yoga Vasistha</a></li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/YOGAVAASHISHTHAMARA">PDF of Marathi Yoga Vasistha</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://archive.org/details/The.Yoga-Vasistha.of.Valmiki.with.Vasistha.Maharamayana-tatparya">The Yoga-Vasistha of Valmiki with Vasistha Maharamayana - Tatparya Prakasa</a> - The complete Sanskrit scripture in 2 parts, at <a href="/facts/Archive.org/PHStU8Lo">archive.org</a></li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/yoga-vasishta">Yoga Vasistha translated by Swami Venkatesananda</a> (The Supreme Yoga) -archive.org</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=yoga%20vasistha%20Maharamayana%20AND%20subject%3A%22Yoga%20Vasistha%20Maharamayana%22">Excerpts of Yoga Vasistha with illustrations</a></li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/YogaVasistha-VairagyaPrakaran-HindiAudioBook">Yoga Vasistha Audio Book (listen online or download audio files free)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.408963/2015.408963.Zogee-Bushtt.pdf">Jog Bashisht - Persian Translation of Yoga Vasistha</a></li>
<li><a href="https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/योगवासिष्ठः">Yoga Vasistha in Sanskrit</a> - Sanskrit verses of Yoga Vasistha at Wikisource library</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature, Volume 5. pp. 4638, By various, Published by Sahitya Akademi, 1992, ISBN 81-260-1221-8, ISBN 978-81-260-1221-3 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Leslie 2003, pp. 104. - Leslie, Julia (2003). Authority and meaning in Indian religions: Hinduism and the case of Vālmīki. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0-7546-3431-0. <a href="https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Chapple 1984, pp. ix–x - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">White, David Gordon (2014). The "Yoga Sutra of Patanjali": A Biography. Princeton University Press. pp. xvi–xvii, 51. ISBN 978-0691143774. <a href="978-0691143774" target="_blank">978-0691143774</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Chapple 1984, pp. ix–x - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Chapple 1984, p. xi - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Chapple 1984, pp. ix–x - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Leslie 2003, pp. 105 - Leslie, Julia (2003). Authority and meaning in Indian religions: Hinduism and the case of Vālmīki. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0-7546-3431-0. <a href="https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Chapple 1984, p. x. - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Chapple 1984, pp. ix–x - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Chapple 1984, pp. ix-x with footnote 3 - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Leslie 2003, pp. 104. - Leslie, Julia (2003). Authority and meaning in Indian religions: Hinduism and the case of Vālmīki. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0-7546-3431-0. <a href="https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">G Watts Cunningham (1948), How Far to the Land of Yoga? An Experiment in Understanding, The Philosophical Review, Vol. 57, No. 6, pages 573-589 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2181797" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/2181797</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">F Chenet (1987), Bhāvanā et Créativité de la Conscience, Numen, Vol. 34, Fasc. 1, pages 45-96 (in French) <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Chapple 1984, p. xii. - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Chapple 1984, p. xii. - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, S. Albany: State University of New York Press. 1984. pp. 51, 77, 87, 121, 147, 180, 188, 306, 315, 354, 410. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. <a href="0-87395-955-8" target="_blank">0-87395-955-8</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, page 7 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, page 7 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, page 7 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature, Volume 5. pp. 4638, By various, Published by Sahitya Akademi, 1992, ISBN 81-260-1221-8, ISBN 978-81-260-1221-3 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Leslie 2003, pp. 104. - Leslie, Julia (2003). Authority and meaning in Indian religions: Hinduism and the case of Vālmīki. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0-7546-3431-0. <a href="https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">Chapple 1984, pp. ix–x - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">Chapple 1984, pp. ix–x - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Peter Thomi (1983), The Yogavasistha in its longer and shorter version, Journal of Indian philosophy, volume 11, number 1, pages 107-116. <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">Chapple 1984, pp. ix-x with footnote 3 - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">Chapple 1984, pp. ix-x with footnote 3 - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">Chapple 1984, pp. ix-x with footnote 3 - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">Chapple 1984, pp. ix-x with footnote 3 - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">Chapple 1984, pp. ix-x with footnote 3 - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">Chapple 1984, pp. ix-x with footnote 3 - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">Chapple 1984, p. x-xi - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">Chapple 1984, p. x-xi - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">Chapple 1984, p. x-xi - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">Chapple 1984, p. x-xi - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">Peter Thomi (1983), The Yogavasistha in its longer and shorter version, Journal of Indian philosophy, volume 11, number 1, pages 107-116. <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">Slaje, Walter. (2005). "Locating the Mokṣopāya", in: Hanneder, Jürgen (Ed.). The Mokṣopāya, Yogavāsiṣṭha and Related Texts Aachen: Shaker Verlag. (Indologica Halensis. Geisteskultur Indiens. 7). p. 35. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pVgRAQAAIAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=pVgRAQAAIAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">Gallery – The journey to the Pradyumnaśikhara Archived December 23, 2005, at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://www.indologie.uni-halle.de/forschung/Moksopaya/pradyumna.htm" target="_blank">http://www.indologie.uni-halle.de/forschung/Moksopaya/pradyumna.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">Leslie 2003, pp. 104–107 - Leslie, Julia (2003). Authority and meaning in Indian religions: Hinduism and the case of Vālmīki. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0-7546-3431-0. <a href="https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:40">Chapple 1984, pp. ix-x with footnote 3 - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:41">Chapple 1984, pp. ix–x - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:42">Leslie 2003, pp. 105 - Leslie, Julia (2003). Authority and meaning in Indian religions: Hinduism and the case of Vālmīki. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0-7546-3431-0. <a href="https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:43">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, page 8 with footnote <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:44">Chapple 1984, pp. xii footnote 8 - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:45">Leslie 2003, pp. 105 - Leslie, Julia (2003). Authority and meaning in Indian religions: Hinduism and the case of Vālmīki. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0-7546-3431-0. <a href="https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:46">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, page 8 with footnote <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:47">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, page 8 with footnote <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:48">Opinder jit Kaur Takhar (2005), Sikh Identity: An Exploration of Groups Among Sikhs, Ashgate, ISBN 9780754652021, page 145 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:49">Chapple 1984, pp. xi–xv. - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:50">Chapple 1984, pp. ix–xv. - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:51">Chapple 1984, pp. ix–xv. - Chapple, Christopher (1984). "Introduction". The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, Swami. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. OCLC 11044869. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:52">The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by Venkatesananda, S. Albany: State University of New York Press. 1984. pp. 414–419. ISBN 0-87395-955-8. <a href="0-87395-955-8" target="_blank">0-87395-955-8</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:53">Venkatesananda, Swami (2010-03-18). Vasistha's Yoga. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-2284-8. <a href="978-1-4384-2284-8" target="_blank">978-1-4384-2284-8</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:54">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, pages 43 with footnotes, 108-109, 381-384 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:55">Sama Sanskrit English Dictionary, Koeln University, Germany <a href="http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=sama&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0" target="_blank">http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=sama&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:56">Uparati Sanskrit English Dictionary, Koeln University, Germany <a href="http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=quietism&direction=ES&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0" target="_blank">http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=quietism&direction=ES&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0</a> <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:57">Titiksha Sanskrit English Dictionary, Koeln University, Germany <a href="http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=0+&tinput=Titiksha&trans=Translate&direction=AU" target="_blank">http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=0+&tinput=Titiksha&trans=Translate&direction=AU</a> <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:58">Samdhana Sanskrit English Dictionary, Koeln University, Germany <a href="http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=uniting&direction=ES&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0" target="_blank">http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=uniting&direction=ES&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0</a> <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:59">zraddha Sanskrit English Dictionary, Koeln University, Germany <a href="http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=zraddhA&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0" target="_blank">http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=zraddhA&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0</a> <a href="#fnref:59" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:60">Swami Venkatesananda (1993), Vasistha's Yoga, SUNY Press, ISBN 978-0791413647, page 528 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:60" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:61">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, pages 107-108 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:61" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:62">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, pages 110-111, 129-130 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:63">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, pages 110-111, 129-130 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:63" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:64">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, pages 110-111, 129-130 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:64" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:65">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, pages 110-111, 129-130 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:65" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:66">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, pages 110-111, 129-130 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:66" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:67">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, pages 349-350, 701-703 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:67" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:68">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, pages 349-350, 701-703 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:68" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:69">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, pages 349-350, 701-703 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:70">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, pages 466-467 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:70" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:71">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, pages 466-467 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:71" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:72">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, pages 332-333 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:72" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:73">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, page 43 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:73" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:74">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, page 118 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:74" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:75">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, pages 286-287 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:75" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:76">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasishta, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, pages 306-307 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:76" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:77">Surendranath Dasgupta (1932, Reprinted in 1978), A History of Indian Philosophy, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press, ISBN, pages 231-232 <a href="https://archive.org/stream/AHistoryOfIndianPhilosophyBySurendranathDasgupta-5Volumes/A.History.of.Indian.Philosophy.by.Surendranath.Dasgupta#page/n785/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/stream/AHistoryOfIndianPhilosophyBySurendranathDasgupta-5Volumes/A.History.of.Indian.Philosophy.by.Surendranath.Dasgupta#page/n785/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:77" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:78">White, David Gordon (2014). The "Yoga Sutra of Patanjali": A Biography. Princeton University Press. pp. xvi–xvii, 51. ISBN 978-0691143774. <a href="978-0691143774" target="_blank">978-0691143774</a> <a href="#fnref:78" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:79">White, David Gordon (2014). The "Yoga Sutra of Patanjali": A Biography. Princeton University Press. pp. xvi–xvii, 51. ISBN 978-0691143774. <a href="978-0691143774" target="_blank">978-0691143774</a> <a href="#fnref:79" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:80">KN Aiyer (1975), Laghu Yoga Vasistha, Theosophical Publishing House, Original Author: Abhinanda, ISBN 978-0835674973, page 5 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:80" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:81">Friesen 2006, p. 95–100. - Friesen, J. Glenn (2006), Ramana Maharshi: Hindu and non-Hindu Interpretations of a Jivanmukta <a href="#fnref:81" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:82">Leslie 2003, pp. 105 - Leslie, Julia (2003). Authority and meaning in Indian religions: Hinduism and the case of Vālmīki. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0-7546-3431-0. <a href="https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl</a> <a href="#fnref:82" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:83">Yogavasishta, Translated by Vemuri Ramesam <a href="http://www.advaita.org.uk/discourses/Yogavasishta/yogavasishta_contents.html" target="_blank">http://www.advaita.org.uk/discourses/Yogavasishta/yogavasishta_contents.html</a> <a href="#fnref:83" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:84">Sri Vidya Prakashananda Giri Swamiji (2000). Yoga Vasista Ratnakaram. Geetha Makarandhamu. <a href="#fnref:84" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:85">Currently available in some online stores like SapnaOnline <a href="#fnref:85" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:86">Currently available in some online stores like Exotic India Art <a href="#fnref:86" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:87">Vasishtasudha Archive, GB Nair <a href="https://archive.org/details/sreyas-ebooks" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/sreyas-ebooks</a> <a href="#fnref:87" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:88">Leslie 2003, pp. 104. - Leslie, Julia (2003). Authority and meaning in Indian religions: Hinduism and the case of Vālmīki. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0-7546-3431-0. <a href="https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl</a> <a href="#fnref:88" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:89">Juan R.I. Cole in Iran and the surrounding world by Nikki R. Keddie, Rudolph P. Matthee, 2002, pp. 22–23 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SLlcCgAAQBAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=SLlcCgAAQBAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:89" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:90">Baha'u'llah on Hinduism and Zoroastrianism: The Tablet to Mirza Abu'l-Fadl Concerning the Questions of Manakji Limji Hataria, Introduction and Translation by Juan R. I. Cole <a href="http://bahai-library.com/bahaullah_cole_questions_manakji" target="_blank">http://bahai-library.com/bahaullah_cole_questions_manakji</a> <a href="#fnref:90" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:91">"Адвайта Веданта в России - Адвайта Веданта в России". advaitavedanta.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2017-05-28. <a href="http://advaitavedanta.ru/" target="_blank">http://advaitavedanta.ru/</a> <a href="#fnref:91" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:92">"Books: Yoga Vasishtha". Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 2024-03-23. <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/search/?query=yoga+vasishtha" target="_blank">https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/search/?query=yoga+vasishtha</a> <a href="#fnref:92" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:93">"Yoga Vasistha". The Shivabalayogi Website. Retrieved 2024-03-23. <a href="https://www.shivabalayogi.org/Books/Yoga_Vasistha.htm" target="_blank">https://www.shivabalayogi.org/Books/Yoga_Vasistha.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:93" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Yoga Vasistha open-in-new

Yoga Vasistha