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Midwestern University
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The university was founded in 1900 as the American College of Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> The school was the fourth medical school in the world to grant the <a href="/facts/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine/2thnoVvj">Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine</a> (D.O.) degree.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> Originally located on Washington Boulevard in Chicago, the school moved to <a href="/facts/Hyde_Park,_Chicago,_Illinois/m3IHoQkN">Hyde Park</a> in 1918.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> In 1913, the school changed its name to the Chicago College of Osteopathy, eventually becoming the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p>In 1986, the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine moved from its prior location in Hyde Park to a new campus in the western suburb of <a href="/facts/Downers_Grove,_Illinois/SAmNYdrW">Downers Grove, Illinois</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> In 1991, the Chicago College of Pharmacy opened.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> The College of Health Sciences began in 1992.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> In 1993, the board of trustees unanimously approved a single educational mission for the institution, uniting the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, the Chicago College of Pharmacy, and the Chicago College of Health Sciences into Midwestern University.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> In 2009, the College of Dental Medicine-Illinois opened, followed by the Chicago College of Optometry in 2014<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> and the College of Graduate Studies in 2018.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p><p> In 1996, the university opened a new campus in <a href="/facts/Glendale,_Arizona/CrX32zUK">Glendale, Arizona</a>. The first college at the Glendale campus was the Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, which began its first courses in 1996.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> The college joined the <a href="/facts/University_of_Arizona_College_of_Medicine/BES55htB">University of Arizona College of Medicine</a> as one of only two medical schools in Arizona at the time, and it remained the only osteopathic medical school in the state until <a href="/facts/A.T._Still_University_School_of_Osteopathic_Medicine_in_Arizona/GJK8ghFs">AT Still University</a> opened in <a href="/facts/Mesa,_Arizona/KtyITSWW">Mesa</a> in 2007.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> In 1997, a physician assistant program was established at the Glendale campus, followed by the College of Pharmacy the next year. In 2006, the College of Dental Medicine-Arizona opened, then the Arizona College of Optometry opened in 2008, and the College of Veterinary Medicine opened in 2012.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> The College of Health Sciences' podiatric medicine program became the Arizona College of Podiatric Medicine in 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></p> <p>In 2010, the university received a Conservation and Native Landscaping Awards from the <a href="/facts/Environmental_Protection_Agency/ghI985SI">Environmental Protection Agency</a> for restoring 9 acres of wetland and oak-hickory woods on the Downers Grove campus.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> In 2012, the Downers Grove Multispecialty Clinic opened in a five-story, 193,000 square foot building.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> Also that year, the College of Veterinary Medicine opened at the Glendale campus,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> with a 109,000-square-foot veterinary teaching hospital, a 36,000-square-foot large animal teaching facility, and a 76,000-square-foot classroom building.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> The school was the first veterinary medical school in the state of Arizona,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> and was the 29th veterinary medical school in the United States.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="academics-and-accreditation">Academics and accreditation</h2> <p>Midwestern University offers multiple academic programs at two campus locations. All programs are graduate-level and focus on the health professions. The university is accredited by the <a href="/facts/Higher_Learning_Commission/uX82l0Sc">Higher Learning Commission</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> </p><p>Doctoral degree programs include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine/2thnoVvj">Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Doctor_of_Dental_Medicine/g8Pb7zD9">Doctor of Dental Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Doctor_of_Nurse_Anesthesia_Practice/6Nr6h12Q">Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Occupational_therapy/eKTxd7kM">Doctor of Occupational Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Doctor_of_Pharmacy/5sgsnDyV">Doctor of Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Doctor_of_Physical_Therapy/NIwXuMdY">Doctor of Physical Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Doctor_of_Podiatric_Medicine/5eAlDYor">Doctor of Podiatric Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Doctor_of_Psychology/vRbE9zJs">Doctor of Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Doctor_of_Optometry/7QlrKXm2">Doctor of Optometry</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Doctor_of_Veterinary_Medicine/MbJS5PKw">Doctor of Veterinary Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Doctor_of_Nursing_Practice/6Nr6h12Q">Doctor of Nursing Practice</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></li></ul> <p>The university also offers the following degrees:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Master of Arts (M.A.)</li> <li>Master of Biomedical Sciences (M.B.S.)</li> <li>Master of Medical Sciences (M.M.S.)</li> <li>Master of Nurse Anesthesia Practice (M.S.)</li> <li>Master of Occupational Therapy (M.O.T.)</li> <li>Master of Public Health (M.P.H.)</li> <li>Master of Science in Nursing (M.S.N.)</li> <li>Master of Speech-Language Pathology (M.S.)</li> <li>Master of Cardiovascular Science - <a href="/facts/Perfusionist/VtxVW2lH">Perfusion</a> (M.S.)</li></ul> <h3>Research</h3> <p>Midwestern University researches a variety of areas related to health and biomedical science. Areas of research include <a href="/facts/Environmental_toxicology/HNaAP7tb">environmental toxicology</a> (as a part of the <a href="/facts/One_Health/udNmyvaU">One Health</a> Initiative),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> <a href="/facts/COVID-19/YsUgvsaX">COVID-19</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Pharmacology/4Rx8s7Ie">pharmacology</a>, physiology, and anatomy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> As of the 2020-2021 academic year, the university held $1,603,231 in active externally funded research awards. Sources of funding for research include: <a href="/facts/National_Institutes_of_Health/G3Eytfcc">National Institutes of Health</a>, <a href="/facts/National_Science_Foundation/FlDT8TbW">National Science Foundation</a>, Health Resources & Services Administration, American Heart Association, American Optometric Foundation, HonorHealth, Leakey Foundation, Marfan Foundation, PhRMA Foundation, PetSmart Charities, Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, National Assoc. of Chain Drug Stores, Pharmaceutical Research & Manufacturers of America Foundation, etc. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="campuses">Campuses</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th>Campus</th><th>College</th><th>Founded</th><th>Accreditation<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></th></tr><tr><td rowspan="7">Chicago</td><td>Midwestern University</td><td>1900</td><td>The Higher Learning Commission<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Dental Medicine</td><td>2006</td><td><a href="/facts/American_Dental_Association/3L66R0kK">American Dental Association</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Health Sciences</td><td>1996</td><td><a href="/facts/American_Physical_Therapy_Association/cq5w1UkH">American Physical Therapy Association</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> ARC-PA<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a>American Occupational Therapy Association<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a>American Psychological Association<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a>American Speech-Language-Hearing Association<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Optometry</td><td>2017</td><td><a href="/facts/American_Optometric_Association/Pbybt0qJ">American Optometric Association</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Chicago_College_of_Osteopathic_Medicine/3MQhK0g7">Osteopathic Medicine</a></td><td>1900</td><td>American Osteopathic Association's COCA</td></tr><tr><td>Pharmacy</td><td>1991</td><td><a href="/facts/Accreditation_Council_for_Pharmacy_Education/qol1U41P">Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Graduate Studies</td><td>2018</td><td>The Higher Learning Commission<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="9">Arizona</td></tr><tr><td>Dental Medicine</td><td>2006</td><td><a href="/facts/American_Dental_Association/3L66R0kK">American Dental Association</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Health Sciences</td><td>1996</td><td><a href="/facts/American_Physical_Therapy_Association/cq5w1UkH">American Physical Therapy Association</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a> ARC-PA<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a>American Occupational Therapy Association<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a>American Psychological Association<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a>American Speech-Language-Hearing Association<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a>Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Optometry</td><td>2008</td><td><a href="/facts/American_Optometric_Association/Pbybt0qJ">American Optometric Association</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Osteopathic Medicine</td><td>1996</td><td>American Osteopathic Association's COCA</td></tr><tr><td>Pharmacy</td><td>1998</td><td><a href="/facts/Accreditation_Council_for_Pharmacy_Education/qol1U41P">Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Veterinary Medicine</td><td>2012</td><td><a href="/facts/American_Veterinary_Medical_Association/jbuh8aG4">American Veterinary Medical Association</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Graduate Studies</td><td>2018</td><td>The Higher Learning Commission<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Podiatric Medicine</td><td>2020</td><td><a href="/facts/American_Podiatric_Medical_Association/boJp6bzs">American Podiatric Medical Association</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Downers Grove, Illinois</h3> <p>The Downers Grove campus is located on a 105-acre (42.5 ha) site in <a href="/facts/Downers_Grove,_Illinois/SAmNYdrW">Downers Grove, Illinois</a>, a suburban area 25 miles west of <a href="/facts/Downtown_Chicago/sdHwWFFu">downtown Chicago</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a> </p> <h3>Glendale, Arizona</h3> <p>The Glendale campus is located on a 156-acre (63.1 ha) site in <a href="/facts/Glendale,_Arizona/CrX32zUK">Glendale, Arizona</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a> a suburban area 15 miles northwest of <a href="/facts/Downtown_Phoenix/6FrqdmrK">downtown Phoenix</a>. Facilities on the campus include many buildings with teaching, research, and administrative functions. There is also an Interfaith Chapel.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="patient-care">Patient care</h2> <p>Midwestern University operates several clinics on both its Downers Grove and Glendale campuses. The Downers Grove Multispecialty Clinic opened in 2012 and includes medical, dental, speech-language, physical therapy, and optometry services.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a> Through five community clinics located on the Glendale campus, the university provides medical, dental, podiatry, optometry, mental health, physical and occupational therapy, and veterinary services.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a> The Companion Animal Clinic is part of the larger Animal Health Institute, which also includes a Large Animal Clinic and a Diagnostic Pathology Center.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="students">Students</h2> Midwestern University Student Demographics<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>Downers Grove</th><th>Glendale</th></tr><tr><td>Male</td><td>37%</td><td>43%</td></tr><tr><td>Female</td><td>63%</td><td>57%</td></tr><tr><td>Asian</td><td>27%</td><td>17%</td></tr><tr><td>Black or African American</td><td>2%</td><td>3%</td></tr><tr><td>Hispanic/Latino</td><td>6%</td><td>10%</td></tr><tr><td>White</td><td>58%</td><td>59%</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Nearly 7,000 students were in attendance at Midwestern University for the 2020-21 academic year (both campuses). There were 2,980 students in attendance at the Downers Grove campus, with 63% female, 37% male, 58% white, 27% Asian, 6% Hispanic or Latino, and 2% Black or African American.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a> At the Glendale campus, there were 3,927 students in attendance, with 57% female, 43% male, 59% white, 17% Asian, 10% Hispanic or Latino, and 3% Black or African American.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a> </p><p>Students at Midwestern University participate in numerous clubs on campus and an active student government association. There are several professional fraternities on campus. The behavioral medicine club hosts an improvisation show, which benefits charities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a> Additional clubs and organizations on campus include:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/American_Association_of_Physicians_of_Indian_Origin/tG0PbdAT">American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin</a></li><li><a href="/facts/American_College_of_Osteopathic_Family_Physicians/VpsGv2ct">American College of Osteopathic Family Physicians</a></li><li><a href="/facts/American_Medical_Association/Wmfxy2xV">American Medical Association</a></li><li><a href="/facts/American_Medical_Women%27s_Association/1oxWMec8">American Medical Women's Association</a></li><li><a href="/facts/American_Pharmacists_Association/m1UbaebN">American Pharmacists Association</a></li><li><a href="/facts/American_Society_of_Consultant_Pharmacists/QSvWjVfB">American Society of Consultant Pharmacists</a></li><li><a href="/facts/American_Student_Dental_Association/Fwrog9zp">American Student Dental Association</a> (ASDA)</li></ul></td><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/Asian_Pacific_American_Medical_Student_Association/zLx6zJUo">Asian Pacific American Medical Student Association</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Christian_Medical_and_Dental_Associations/mMbzN3D8">Christian Medical and Dental Associations</a></li><li><a href="/facts/DOCARE/RHHNM5Gj">DOCARE</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Jewish_Student_Union/e14MDap7">Jewish Student Union</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Latter_Day_Saint_Student_Association/CMFhl2eI">Latter Day Saint Student Association</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Muslim_Students%27_Association/EckhtoKS">Muslim Students' Association</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Primary_Care_Progress/aMWssB4g">Primary Care Progress</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="alumni">Alumni</h2> <p>More than 25,000 alumni have graduated from Midwestern University.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a> Notable alumni include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Clinton_E._Adams/KEFWHTDh">Clinton E. Adams</a> – President and CEO of <a href="/facts/Rocky_Vista_University/SKtX8T1t">Rocky Vista University</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ivan_Edwards/bvBWFr9H">Ivan Edwards</a> – pastor and <a href="/facts/Flight_surgeon/bQVmYlnj">Flight surgeon</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Victor_Lindlahr/WNVjPTT1">Victor Lindlahr</a> – radio presenter and <a href="/facts/Health_food/sjJBXc4l">health food</a> writer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Joseph_Mercola/A1rd8yDs">Joseph Mercola</a> – Internet businessman<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rudy_Moise/uNk6ukGG">Rudy Moise</a> – lawyer and politician<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82"><sup>82</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Douglas_J._Robb/8usSCIXe">Douglas J. Robb</a> – <a href="/facts/United_States_Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">US Air Force</a> <a href="/facts/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)/B4rVa2LV">lieutenant general</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83"><sup>83</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84"><sup>84</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Richard_Scheuring/9oKHRtR6">Richard Scheuring</a> – <a href="/facts/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a> <a href="/facts/Flight_surgeon/bQVmYlnj">flight surgeon</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85"><sup>85</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86"><sup>86</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Emily_Temple-Wood/NIzrNfRs">Emily Temple-Wood</a> – 2016 <a href="/facts/Wikimedian_of_the_Year/3M7X9nqb">Wikimedian of the Year</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87"><sup>87</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/James_N._Weinstein/zmaQIX66">James N. Weinstein</a> – <a href="/facts/Microsoft/nGIDDXdx">Microsoft</a> executive<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88"><sup>88</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89"><sup>89</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Medicine portal</li><li>Arizona portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_dental_schools_in_the_United_States/KdCAFT0J">List of dental schools in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_medical_schools_in_the_United_States/K5Rr8hXt">List of medical schools in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_optometry_schools/wBEW9PD0">List of optometry schools</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_pharmacy_schools_in_the_United_States/GM8kU4cf">List of pharmacy schools in the United States</a></li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Berchtold, Theodore (1975). <i>To Teach, to Heal, to Serve!: The Story of the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine: the First 75 Years (1900-1975)</i> (First ed.). p. 239.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.midwestern.edu">Official website</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"History". IOMS. Illinois Osteopathic Medical Society. <a href="https://ioms.org/about-us/history" target="_blank">https://ioms.org/about-us/history</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Our History". Midwestern University. Archived from the original on May 7, 2018. Retrieved June 22, 2020. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180507003754/https://www.midwestern.edu/about/history_of_mwu.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180507003754/https://www.midwestern.edu/about/history_of_mwu.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"U.S. Osteopathic Medical Schools" (PDF). AACOM. American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medical School. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 17, 2020. Retrieved June 22, 2020. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117023050/https://www.aacom.org/docs/default-source/data-and-trends/u-s-osteopathic-medical-schools-by-year-of-inaugural-class.pdf?sfvrsn=dc9e2997_16" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20201117023050/https://www.aacom.org/docs/default-source/data-and-trends/u-s-osteopathic-medical-schools-by-year-of-inaugural-class.pdf?sfvrsn=dc9e2997_16</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Kantzavelos, Maria (July 25, 2020). "University Becomes a Regular Neighbor". Chicago Tribune. <a href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2000-07-25-0007250340-story.html" target="_blank">https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2000-07-25-0007250340-story.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"History". IOMS. 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