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Common emerald
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<h2 id="description">Description</h2> <p>All wings are generally soft grey-green with grey and white chequered fringes and narrow white <a href="/facts/Fascia/KnQE4bPq">fascia</a>, two on the forewing, one on the hindwing. The green colouration tends not to fade over time as much as in other emeralds. The hindwings have a sharply angled <a href="/facts/Glossary_of_entomology_terms/FVWGe7xo">termen</a> giving the moth a very distinctive shape. The <a href="/facts/Wingspan/xsWBF9Qa">wingspan</a> is 30–35 mm. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="biology">Biology</h2> <p>It flies at dusk and night in June and July<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> and will come to light. </p><p>The <a href="/facts/Larva/GKo2FIew">larva</a> is green with reddish-brown markings and black v-shaped marks along the back. The young larva will feed on most plants but later it feeds on <a href="/facts/Tree/HVVn3srN">trees</a> and <a href="/facts/Shrub/X1gKVxL5">shrubs</a>. The species overwinters as a larva. </p> <ol><li>^ <i>The flight season refers to the <a href="/facts/British_Isles/4fBquvMU">British Isles</a>. This may vary in other parts of the range.</i></li></ol> <h2 id="recorded-food-plants">Recorded food plants</h2> <ul><li><i><a href="/facts/Aralia/LAKM3Hcj">Aralia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Artemisia_(plant)/GT11xnyF">Artemisia</a></i></li> <li><i>Betula</i> – <a href="/facts/Birch/XG0bl0GF">birch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Camellia/xGUWY6UY">Camellia</a></i></li> <li><i>Carpinus</i> – <a href="/facts/Hornbeam/e58r4CEP">hornbeam</a></li> <li><i>Castanea</i> – <a href="/facts/Chestnut/pjwAmCsR">chestnut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Citrus/6FqG38Dk">Citrus</a></i></li> <li><i>Corylus</i> – <a href="/facts/Hazel/K0gposzR">hazel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Crataegus/SI3RcAJS">Crataegus</a></i> - hawthorn</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Diervilla/ToaKavzL">Diervilla</a></i> – bush honeysuckle</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Hypericum/4GVkRXhp">Hypericum</a></i> – St John's wort</li> <li><i>Juglans</i> – <a href="/facts/Walnut/lEkDbm8N">walnut</a></li> <li><i>Larix</i> – <a href="/facts/Larch/BDy77MTP">larch</a></li> <li><i>Ligustrum</i> – <a href="/facts/Privet/YQl1oPTa">privet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Malus/MKp2k7Mq">Malus</a></i> – apple</li> <li><i>Morus</i> – <a href="/facts/Mulberry/F2Kr7Lr5">mulberry</a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Photinia/TDxtWLKr">Photinia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Prunus/EcWe5fUK">Prunus</a></i></li> <li><i>Quercus</i> – <a href="/facts/Oak/1NJJzkzB">oak</a></li> <li><i>Rhamnus</i> – <a href="/facts/Buckthorn/tmKe17jp">buckthorn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Ribes/dojQdtbp">Ribes</a></i> – currant</li> <li><i>Rosa</i> – <a href="/facts/Rose/00sLwePY">rose</a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Rubus/GQhtfDfa">Rubus</a></i></li> <li><i>Salix</i> – <a href="/facts/Willow/F66Xvslm">willow</a></li> <li><i>Sorbus</i> – <a href="/facts/Rowan/JYmRIerW">rowan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Tilia/8n6lmnD7">Tilia</a></i> – lime</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Vaccinium/SAMRbcfc">Vaccinium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Viburnum/AuXUhmgJ">Viburnum</a></i></li></ul> <h2 id="gallery">Gallery</h2> <h2 id="synonymy">Synonymy</h2> <ul><li><i>Phalaena aestivaria</i> Hübner, 1789</li> <li><i>Phalaena strigata</i> Müller,</li> <li><i>Phalaena vernaria</i> Esper, 1795</li> <li><i>Nemoria alboundulata</i>Hedemann, 1879</li> <li><i>krajniki</i> Komarek, 1950</li></ul> <ul><li>Chinery, Michael <i>Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe</i> 1986 (Reprinted 1991)</li> <li>Skinner, Bernard <i>Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles</i> 1984</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hemithea aestivaria. <ul><li><a href="https://lepiforum.org/wiki/page/Hemithea_Aestivaria">Lepiforum</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ukmoths.org.uk/species/hemithea-aestivaria">Common emerald</a> <i>UKMoths</i></li> <li>Savela, Markku. <a href="http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/geometroidea/geometridae/geometrinae/hemithea/#aestivaria">"<i>Hemithea aestivaria</i> (Hübner, 1789)"</a>. <i>Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms</i>. Retrieved November 30, 2018.</li> <li><a href="http://www.lepiforum.de/lepiwiki.pl?Hemithea_Aestivaria">"07980 <i>Hemithea aestivaria</i> (Hübner, 1789) - Gebüsch-Grünspanner"</a>. <i>Lepiforum e.V.</i> Retrieved November 30, 2018.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Miktat, Doğanlar; Beirne, Bryan Patrick (October 1979). "Hemithea aestivaria, a geometrid new to North America, established in British Columbia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)". The Canadian Entomologist. 111 (10): 1121. doi:10.4039/Ent1111121a-10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Schmidt, Christian; Anctil, Alexandre (21 May 2021). "Hemithea aestivaria (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a Palaearctic moth, new to eastern North America". Biodiversity Data Journal. 9. doi:10.3897/BDJ.9.e64985. <a href="https://bdj.pensoft.net/article/64985" target="_blank">https://bdj.pensoft.net/article/64985</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Axel Hausmann, 2021 In: Axel Hausmann (Hrsg.): The Geometrid Moths of Europe. 1. Auflage. Volume 1: (Introduction to the series. Archiearinae, Oenochrominae, Geometrinae) . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2021 ISBN 978-90-04-32254-7 <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Powell, J. A. and P.A. Opler. (2009). Moths of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>