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Reichardt's dye
open-in-new
<h2 id="synthesis">Synthesis</h2> <p>A newer synthesis is:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>2,6-Diphenylphenol is <a href="/facts/Nitration/VnszL09H">nitrated</a> with diluted <a href="/facts/Nitric_acid/UDbwGp6s">nitric acid</a> to 4-nitro-2,6-diphenylphenol and subsequently reduced with <a href="/facts/Sodium_dithionite/wNoKv995">sodium dithionite</a> to the <a href="/facts/Amine/JvfYJfP6">amine</a>. This is reacted in presence of <a href="/facts/Sodium_acetate/CU1Yc8Jp">sodium acetate</a> in <a href="/facts/Ethanol/3lCLfBSP">ethanol</a> with 2,4,6-triphenylpyryliumhydrogensulfate to the hydrogen sulfate of the dye and the <a href="/facts/Betaine/3sG11tpp">betaine</a> is formed by adding <a href="/facts/Sodium_hydroxide/xjtdYtq7">sodium hydroxide</a>. </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Osterby, Bruce R.; McKelvey, Ronald D. (1996). "Convergent Synthesis of Betaine-30, a Solvatochromic Dye: An Advanced Undergraduate Project and Demonstration". J. Chem. Educ. 73 (3): 260–261. Bibcode:1996JChEd..73..260O. doi:10.1021/ed073p260. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Machado, Vanderlei Gageiro; Machado, Clodoaldo (2001). "An Easy and Versatile Experiment to Demonstrate Solvent Polarity Using Solvatochromic Dyes". J. Chem. Educ. 78 (5): 649–651. Bibcode:2001JChEd..78..649M. doi:10.1021/ed078p649. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Reichardt, Christian (1994). "Solvatochromic Dyes as Solvent Polarity Indicators". Chem. Rev. 94 (8): 2319–2358. doi:10.1021/cr00032a005. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Manfred A. Kessler; Otto S. Wolfbeis (January 1988), "An Improved Synthesis of the Solvatochromic Dye ET-30", Synthesis (in German), vol. 1988, no. 8, pp. 635–636, doi:10.1055/s-1988-27662 <a href="/wiki/Synthesis_(journal)" target="_blank">/wiki/Synthesis_(journal)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>