Hasht Bihisht (architecture)

<h2 id="iran">Iran</h2>
<p>Although the trace of an older <a href="/facts/Sasanian_Empire/JvbRevkA">Sasanian</a> equivalent is presumed, the earliest recognized use of the hasht-behesht plan is traced to a now non-extant two-storied pavilion named <i>Tarab-khana</i> that was built under the reign of the <a href="/facts/Persianate_society/GX2C91Cm">Persianate</a> <a href="/facts/Timurid_Empire/pyjayK7C">Timurid Empire</a> in <a href="/facts/Herat/v6YgdQkM">Herat</a>, a prominent city in medieval <a href="/facts/Greater_Khorasan/YjgsyBbe">Khorasan</a>. Later, under the reign of Iran's <a href="/facts/Safavid_dynasty/QmhkbI06">Safavid dynasty</a>, the same plan was used in the eponymous pavilion of <a href="/facts/Hasht_Behesht/UByWAvNm">Hasht Behesht</a> in <a href="/facts/Isfahan/BLw4k2fm">Isfahan</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a>
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<h2 id="mughal-india">Mughal India</h2>
<p>In <a href="/facts/Mughal_architecture/nC0bQTXE">the architecture</a> of the <a href="/facts/Persianate_society/GX2C91Cm">Persianate</a> <a href="/facts/Mughal_Empire/yRg2kAy5">Mughal Empire</a>, hasht-behesht was the favorite plan for <a href="/facts/Mughal_gardens/7XDLxIwI">gardens</a> and pavilions, as well as for mausolea (seen as a funerary form of pavilion). These were planned as square or rectangular buildings divided into nine sections, with a central domed chamber surrounded by eight elements. Later, developments of the hasht-behesht divided the square at 45 degree angles to create a more radial plan, which often also includes <a href="/facts/Chamfer/IbIyx4LG">chamfered</a> corners; examples of which can be found in Todar Mal's Baradari at <a href="/facts/Fatehpur_Sikri/hJ6dpfnS">Fatehpur Sikri</a> and <a href="/facts/Humayun%27s_Tomb/UTdmxo6S">Humayun's Tomb</a>. Each element of the plan is reflected in the elevations with <a href="/facts/Iwan/xGEcXrWm">iwans</a> and the corner rooms expressed through smaller arched niches. Such structures are often topped with <a href="/facts/Chattris/l6MW4mwC">chattris</a>, small pillared pavilions at each corner.
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<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Bernardini, Michele (March 20, 2012). "HAŠT BEHEŠT (2)". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XII. pp. 49–51. <a href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hast-behest-2" target="_blank">http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hast-behest-2</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Bernardini, Michele (March 20, 2012). "HAŠT BEHEŠT (2)". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XII. pp. 49–51. <a href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hast-behest-2" target="_blank">http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hast-behest-2</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Bernardini, Michele (March 20, 2012). "HAŠT BEHEŠT (2)". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XII. pp. 49–51. <a href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hast-behest-2" target="_blank">http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hast-behest-2</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Schlerath, B.; Skjærvø, P. O. (August 16, 2011). "AṦA". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. II. pp. 694–696. <a href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/asa-means-truth-in-avestan" target="_blank">http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/asa-means-truth-in-avestan</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>Bernardini, Michele (March 20, 2012). "HAŠT BEHEŠT (2)". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XII. pp. 49–51. <a href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hast-behest-2" target="_blank">http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hast-behest-2</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>Koch, Ebba (2006). The Complete Taj Mahal: And the Riverfront Gardens of Agra (First ed.). Thames & Hudson Ltd. 26. ISBN 0-500-34209-1. <a href="0-500-34209-1" target="_blank">0-500-34209-1</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>Bernardini, Michele (March 20, 2012). "HAŠT BEHEŠT (2)". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XII. pp. 49–51. <a href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hast-behest-2" target="_blank">http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hast-behest-2</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:8"><p>Ruggles, D. Fairchild. "Humayun's Tomb and Garden: Typologies and Visual Order", in Attilio Petruccioli, ed. Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design. Studies in Islamic Art and Architecture: Supplements to Muqarnas. VII. Leiden: Brill. 1997. 174. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
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Hasht Bihisht (architecture) open-in-new

Hasht Bihisht (architecture)