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Square and Compasses
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<h2 id="with-a-g">With a "G"</h2> <p>In many English speaking countries, the Square and Compasses are depicted with the letter "G" in the center.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> The letter has multiple meanings, representing different words depending on the context in which it is discussed. The most common is that the "G" stands for <a href="/facts/God/EITpdL9t">God</a>. Another is that it stands for <a href="/facts/Geometry/wTQf5ffQ">Geometry</a>, and is to remind Masons that Geometry and Freemasonry are synonymous terms described as being the "noblest of sciences", and "the basis upon which the superstructure of Freemasonry and everything in existence in the entire universe is erected. In this context, it can also stand for <a href="/facts/Great_Architect_of_the_Universe/zkUR16X8">Great Architect of the Universe</a> (a non-denominational reference to God)."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="use-of-the-symbol-by-other-fraternal-bodies">Use of the symbol by other fraternal bodies</h2> <p>The square and compasses have been used as a symbol by several organizations, sometimes with additional symbols: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/facts/Order_of_Free_Gardeners/SY6drX1b">Order of Free Gardeners</a>, which adds an open pruning knife within the square and compasses<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li> <li>The <a href="/facts/Junior_Order_of_United_American_Mechanics/TSsAlGWG">Junior Order of United American Mechanics</a>, which adds an <a href="/facts/Arm-and-hammer_symbol/ot8qrF93">arm-and-hammer</a> within the square and compasses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li> <li>The Independent United Order of Mechanics,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> which retains the symbol unchanged.</li> <li>The <a href="/facts/Royal_Black_Institution/KtSRArBh">Royal Black Institution</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> which uses the symbol unchanged.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Carpenters%27_Company_of_the_City_and_County_of_Philadelphia/HDeJ0PP3">Carpenters' Company of the City and County of Philadelphia</a> uses the square and three sets of compasses in its arms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> The Philadelphia arms are similar to the City of London Livery Company, the <a href="/facts/Worshipful_Company_of_Carpenters/G9W4urA0">Worshipful Company of Carpenters</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li> <li>The Incorporation of Wrights and Masons – Edinburgh Trades.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> The Wrights' symbol is the square and compasses in a different configuration from the traditional Masonic one. Wright is the Scottish and Northern English term for a Carpenter.</li> <li>The arms of the former <a href="/facts/Allan_Glen%27s_School/xsySJjIa">Allan Glen's School</a>, still used by the school club<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> and independent rugby club,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> incorporate a square and compasses in a similar configuration to the Edinburgh Wrights. Allan Glen was a wright by trade and the school's arms are similar to those formerly used by the Incorporation of Wrights of Glasgow.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Iglesia_ni_Cristo/VEPwvkoa">Iglesia ni Cristo</a>, one of several revolutionary churches established during the colonial period in the Philippines, appears to have the same Masonic compasses over a triangle, identical to that of the <a href="/facts/Allied_Masonic_Degrees/n19dBaA1">Allied Masonic Degrees</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Curl, James Stevens (1991). <i>The Art and Architecture of Freemasonry: An Introductory Study</i>. Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-58567-160-6. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/493971613">493971613</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Malcolm C. Duncan (1866). "Duncan's Masonic Ritual and Monitor". <a href="http://sacred-texts.com/mas/dun/dun02.htm" target="_blank">http://sacred-texts.com/mas/dun/dun02.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Gilkes, Peter (July 2004). "Masonic ritual: Spoilt for choice". Masonic Quarterly Magazine (10). Retrieved 2007-05-07. <a href="http://www.mqmagazine.co.uk/issue-10/p-61.php" target="_blank">http://www.mqmagazine.co.uk/issue-10/p-61.php</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"The "G" in Masonry's Emblem". <a href="http://phoenixmasonry.org/the_g_in_masonrys_emblem.htm" target="_blank">http://phoenixmasonry.org/the_g_in_masonrys_emblem.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Malcolm C. Duncan (1866). "Duncan's Masonic Ritual and Monitor". <a href="http://sacred-texts.com/mas/dun/dun03.htm" target="_blank">http://sacred-texts.com/mas/dun/dun03.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Hanging Gardens of Babylon Lodge no 13 of Free Gardeners of England website <a href="http://hanginggardensofbabylonlodge.webs.com/" target="_blank">http://hanginggardensofbabylonlodge.webs.com/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>The National Council of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics <a href="http://www.jrouamnationalcouncil.com/2201.html" target="_blank">http://www.jrouamnationalcouncil.com/2201.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>The Independent United Order of Mechanics <a href="http://www.iuom.org/" target="_blank">http://www.iuom.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>website of Markethill Royal Black District Chapter No 3. County Armagh <a href="http://www.markethillblack.co.uk/imperial/" target="_blank">http://www.markethillblack.co.uk/imperial/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Company website <a href="http://www.carpentershall.org/company/index.htm" target="_blank">http://www.carpentershall.org/company/index.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Worshipful Company of Carpenters <a href="http://liverydatabase.liverycompanies.info/networks/355/index.html" target="_blank">http://liverydatabase.liverycompanies.info/networks/355/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Incorporation of Wrights and Masons page on Edinburgh Trades website <a href="http://edinburghtrades.org/wrights-masons/" target="_blank">http://edinburghtrades.org/wrights-masons/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Allan Glen's School Club <a href="http://www.allanglens.com/" target="_blank">http://www.allanglens.com/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Allan Glen's Rugby Club <a href="http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/allanglens" target="_blank">http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/allanglens</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>