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Application server
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<h2 id="java-application-servers">Java application servers</h2> <p><a href="/facts/Jakarta_EE/7AAStd35">Jakarta EE</a> (formerly Java EE or J2EE) defines the core set of API and features of <a href="/facts/List_of_application_servers/qltbcnCj">Java application servers</a>. </p><p>The Jakarta EE infrastructure is partitioned into logical containers. </p> <ul><li>EJB container: <a href="/facts/Jakarta_Enterprise_Beans/3lpxQpDv">Enterprise Beans</a> are used to manage transactions. According to the <a href="/facts/Java_BluePrints/zsnGN31S">Java BluePrints</a>, the <a href="/facts/Business_logic/D0eEdM3t">business logic</a> of an application resides in <a href="/facts/Jakarta_Enterprise_Beans/3lpxQpDv">Enterprise Beans</a>—a modular server component providing many features, including declarative transaction management, and improving application <a href="/facts/Scalability/jh7JomPa">scalability</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Web_container/Pv06YKvB">Web container</a>: the web modules include <a href="/facts/Jakarta_Servlet/hf5LQVq1">Jakarta Servlets</a> and <a href="/facts/Jakarta_Server_Pages/LAr4ALkb">Jakarta Server Pages</a> (JSP).</li> <li>JCA container (<a href="/facts/Jakarta_Connectors/MQK9sYzt">Jakarta Connectors</a>)</li> <li>JMS provider (<a href="/facts/Jakarta_Messaging/aTzyVj3n">Jakarta Messaging</a>)</li></ul> <h2 id="microsoft">Microsoft</h2> <p>Microsoft's .NET positions their middle-tier applications and services infrastructure in the <a href="/facts/Windows_Server/5t7XxyUV">Windows Server</a> operating system and the <a href="/facts/.NET_Framework/J6QDAUhP">.NET Framework</a> technologies in the role of an application server.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> The Windows Application Server role includes <a href="/facts/Internet_Information_Services/nqmfJr3T">Internet Information Services</a> (IIS) to provide web server support, the .NET Framework to provide application support, <a href="/facts/ASP.NET/xq7KM8mN">ASP.NET</a> to provide <a href="/facts/Server-side_scripting/JnLx8FnL">server side scripting</a>, COM+ for application component communication, Message Queuing for multithreaded processing, and the <a href="/facts/Windows_Communication_Foundation/IoErd0b4">Windows Communication Foundation</a> (WCF) for application communication.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="php-application-servers">PHP application servers</h2> <p>PHP application servers run and manage <a href="/facts/PHP/vU6YRJX0">PHP</a> applications. </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Zend_Server/vXU3lXpT">Zend Server</a>, built by <a href="/facts/Zend_(company)/zfVVpgC0">Zend</a>, provides application server functionality for the PHP-based applications.</li> <li><a href="/facts/RoadRunner_(application_server)/pm3qnn9V">RoadRunner</a>, built by Spiral Scout is a high-performance PHP application server, load-balancer, and process manager written in <a href="/facts/Go_(programming_language)/oWlsmAFJ">Go</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="third-party">Third-party</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Mono_(software)/PlyeJxRS">Mono</a> (a cross platform open-source implementation of .NET supporting nearly all its features, with the exception of Windows OS-specific features), sponsored by <a href="/facts/Microsoft/nGIDDXdx">Microsoft</a> and released under the <a href="/facts/MIT_License/8llAQtlk">MIT License</a></li></ul> <h2 id="mobile-application-servers">Mobile application servers</h2> <p>Mobile application servers provide data delivery to mobile devices. </p> <h3>Mobile features</h3> <p>Core capabilities of mobile application services include </p> <ul><li>Data routing– data is packaged in smaller (<a href="/facts/Representational_state_transfer/Q58zfr5h">REST</a>) objects with some business logic to minimize demands on bandwidth and battery</li> <li>Orchestration– transactions and data integration across multiple sources</li> <li>Authentication service– secure connectivity to back-end systems is managed by the mobile middleware</li> <li><a href="/facts/Online_and_offline/rhxAKfol">Off-line</a> support– allows users to access and use data even though the device is not connected</li> <li>Security– data encryption, device control, SSL, call logging</li></ul> <h3>Mobile challenges</h3> <p>Although most standards-based <a href="/facts/IT_infrastructure/U83mT1UW">infrastructure</a> (including <a href="/facts/Service-oriented_architecture/g8krR0dk">SOAs</a>) are designed to connect to any independent of any vendor, product or technology, most enterprises have trouble connecting back-end systems to mobile applications, because mobile devices add the following technological challenges:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Limited resources – mobile devices have limited power and bandwidth</li> <li>Intermittent connectivity – cellular service and wifi coverage is often not continuous</li> <li>Difficult to secure<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> – mobility and <a href="/facts/BYOD/oACTQ4oK">BYOD</a> practices make it hard to secure mobile devices</li></ul> <h2 id="deployment-models">Deployment models</h2> <p>An application server can be deployed: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/On-premises_software/yGJvghTK">On premises</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cloud_computing/guhg0FGV">Cloud</a></li> <li>Private cloud</li> <li><a href="/facts/Platform_as_a_service/EDX8mcw4">Platform as a service</a> (PaaS)</li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Application_service_provider/72Vs5gQU">Application service provider</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_application_servers/qltbcnCj">List of application servers</a></li></ul> <p>{Table Web Interfaces}</p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Ottinger, Joseph (1 September 2008). "What is an App Server?". TheServerSide.com. Retrieved 2022-02-06. an application server provides an environment where applications can run, no matter what the applications are or what they do <a href="https://www.theserverside.com/news/1363671/What-is-an-App-Server" target="_blank">https://www.theserverside.com/news/1363671/What-is-an-App-Server</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Sintes, Tony (2002-08-23). "App server, Web server: What's the difference?". JavaWorld. Retrieved 2022-06-14. [A]n application server exposes business logic to client applications through various protocols <a href="https://www.infoworld.com/article/2077354/app-server-web-server-what-s-the-difference.html" target="_blank">https://www.infoworld.com/article/2077354/app-server-web-server-what-s-the-difference.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Ceri, Stefano; Fraternali, Piero; Bongio, Aldo; Brambilla, Marco; Comai, Sara; Matella, Maristella (2003). Designing Data-Intensive Web Applications. Morgan Kaufmann. doi:10.1016/B978-1-55860-843-6.X5000-2. ISBN 1-55860-843-5. <a href="1-55860-843-5" target="_blank">1-55860-843-5</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>TechNet: Application Server <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-r2-and-2008/cc772115(v=ws.10)" target="_blank">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-r2-and-2008/cc772115(v=ws.10)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>TechNet: Application Server Role <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/cc754024(v=ws.10)" target="_blank">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/cc754024(v=ws.10)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Jaenicke, Coco (19 November 2014). "Why Mobile App Development Requires More than an SOA". App Developer Magazine. Retrieved 2022-02-06. <a href="https://appdevelopermagazine.com/2104/2014/11/19/Why-Mobile-App-Development-Requires-More-than-an-SOA" target="_blank">https://appdevelopermagazine.com/2104/2014/11/19/Why-Mobile-App-Development-Requires-More-than-an-SOA</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Egan, Bob (April 11, 2014). "A Billion Smartphone Users May Be Affected by the Heartbleed Security Flaw". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-02-06. <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/bobegan/2014/04/11/a-billion-smartphones-users-may-be-affected-by-the-heartbleed-security-flaw/" target="_blank">https://www.forbes.com/sites/bobegan/2014/04/11/a-billion-smartphones-users-may-be-affected-by-the-heartbleed-security-flaw/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>