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CASK
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<h2 id="gene">Gene</h2> <p>This gene is located on the short arm of the <a href="/facts/X_chromosome/hpJxhSUr">X chromosome</a> (Xp11.4). It is 404,253 bases in length and lies on the Crick (minus) strand. The encoded protein has 926 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 105,123 daltons. </p> <h2 id="function">Function</h2> <p>This protein is a multidomain scaffolding protein with a role in <a href="/facts/Synapse/vdMRJCUn">synaptic</a> transmembrane protein anchoring and ion channel trafficking. It interacts with the transcription factor <a href="/facts/TBR1/u7TVBItD">TBR1</a> and binds to several cell-surface proteins including <a href="/facts/Neurexin/nUFIV9zG">neurexins</a> and <a href="/facts/Syndecan/5abdJ7WE">syndecans</a>. </p> <h2 id="clinical-importance">Clinical importance</h2> <p>This gene has been implicated in <a href="/facts/X-linked_mental_retardation/wW7XKQbx">X-linked mental retardation</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> including specifically <a href="/facts/Mental_retardation_and_microcephaly_with_pontine_and_cerebellar_hypoplasia/rykJf4LM">mental retardation and microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> The role of CASK in disease is primarily associated with a loss of function (under expression) of the CASK gene as a result of a deletion, missense or splice mutation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> It appears that mutations in the gene lead to diminished amounts of the protein being coded. As a result, CASK is unable to form complexes with other proteins leading to a cascade of events. Research has shown there is significant down-regulation of the genes involved in pre-synaptic development and of CASK protein interactors.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>Males affected by <i>CASK</i> variants tend to have more severe symptoms than females due to the X-linked nature of the disease. These genetic issues are often fatal in the womb for male embryos<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> or else lead to infant mortality. Females with CASK mutations have variable phenotypes with moderate to severe intellectual disability. <i>CASK</i> missense mutations and some splice mutations can lead to the milder neurodevelopmental phenotype.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p><p>CASK related disorders are mainly found in girls. The prevalence is unknown but generally thought to be below 400 cases worldwide. Patients are often born healthy but within the first few months of life show progressive microcephaly. Although there can be prenatal deceleration of head circumference growth, the majority of cases will not be diagnosed according to current recommendations for fetal CNS routine assessment.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p><p>The exact mode of pathology is not clear, but evidence from mice models indicates CASK deficiency in neurones causes the following effects:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>reduced levels of associated proteins such as Mint1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Neurexin/nUFIV9zG">neurexin</a></li> <li>Higher levels of Neuroligin 1</li> <li>Increased <a href="/facts/Glutamate/7oXbNcvu">glutamate</a> release at synapses and reduced <a href="/facts/GABA/vRTeQQUG">GABA</a> release affecting the E/I balance in maturing neural circuits<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></li> <li>Down-regulation of GluN2B resulting in disruption of synaptic E/I balance<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li></ul> <p>Even slight changes in CASK expression in humans leads to dysregulation of the formation of presynapses, especially in inhibitory neurones.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="interactions">Interactions</h2> <p>CASK has been shown to <a href="/facts/Protein-protein_interaction/etvm9Wmg">interact</a> with: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/KCNJ4/18q2BXCn">KCNJ4</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/APBA1/b1TP3cBw">APBA1</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/ATP2B4/VfMxtY4r">ATP2B4</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></li> <li>CINAP and <a href="/facts/TBR1/u7TVBItD">TBR1</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/DLG1/BMBHNeUq">DLG1</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/DLG4/d23IStkv">DLG4</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/F11_receptor/L5WsxJY4">F11 receptor</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/ID1/CyHjEM6p">ID1</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/KCNJ12/F0SBwP8d">KCNJ12</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/LIN7A/cS6EFWn3">LIN7A</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Nephrin/lmHtsa3L">Nephrin</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Parkin_(ligase)/I9pgSxqY">Parkin (ligase)</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/RPH3A/hxleg1n6">RPH3A</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/SDC2/60PqVyIl">SDC2</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>External links</h3> <ul><li><a href="https://projectcask.org">Project CASK</a> - A non-profit based in the United States driving research breakthroughs to treat and cure CASK-related disorders.</li> <li><a href="https://caskresearch.org">CASK Research Foundation</a> - A non-profit based in the UK for research, information and support into CASK related disorders including <a href="/facts/Mental_retardation_and_microcephaly_with_pontine_and_cerebellar_hypoplasia/rykJf4LM">MICPCH</a></li> <li><a href="https://acnrf.com/">Angelina CASK Neurological Research Foundation</a> - A non-profit based in Australia creating research grants for research into CASK gene related disorders.</li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Zhu ZQ, Wang D, Xiang D, Yuan YX, Wang Y (January 2014). "Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase is involved in exendin-4-induced insulin secretion in INS-1 cells". <i>Metabolism</i>. 63 (1): 120–126. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.metabol.2013.09.009">10.1016/j.metabol.2013.09.009</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24140090">24140090</a>.</li> <li>Wang Y, Li R, Du D, Zhang C, Yuan H, Zeng R, Chen Z (April 2006). "Proteomic analysis reveals novel molecules involved in insulin signaling pathway". <i>Journal of Proteome Research</i>. 5 (4): 846–855. <a href="/facts/CiteSeerX_(identifier)/SceDmd3c">CiteSeerX</a> <a href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.583.5128">10.1.1.583.5128</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fpr050391m">10.1021/pr050391m</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16602692">16602692</a>.</li> <li>Mukherjee K, Slawson JB, Christmann BL, Griffith LC (2014). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4075472">"Neuron-specific protein interactions of Drosophila CASK-β are revealed by mass spectrometry"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience</i>. 7: 58. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffnmol.2014.00058">10.3389/fnmol.2014.00058</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4075472">4075472</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25071438">25071438</a>.</li> <li>Wei JL, Fu ZX, Fang M, Zhou QY, Zhao QN, Guo JB, et al. (September 2014). "High expression of CASK correlates with progression and poor prognosis of colorectal cancer". <i>Tumour Biology</i>. 35 (9): 9185–9194. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13277-014-2179-3">10.1007/s13277-014-2179-3</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24927672">24927672</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1809280">1809280</a>.</li> <li>Hata Y, Butz S, Südhof TC (April 1996). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6578772">"CASK: a novel dlg/PSD95 homolog with an N-terminal calmodulin-dependent protein kinase domain identified by interaction with neurexins"</a>. <i>The Journal of Neuroscience</i>. 16 (8): 2488–2494. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.16-08-02488.1996">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-08-02488.1996</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6578772">6578772</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8786425">8786425</a>.</li> <li>Daniels DL, Cohen AR, Anderson JM, Brünger AT (April 1998). "Crystal structure of the hCASK PDZ domain reveals the structural basis of class II PDZ domain target recognition". <i>Nature Structural Biology</i>. 5 (4): 317–325. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnsb0498-317">10.1038/nsb0498-317</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9546224">9546224</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20608889">20608889</a>.</li> <li>Hsueh YP, Yang FC, Kharazia V, Naisbitt S, Cohen AR, Weinberg RJ, Sheng M (July 1998). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2133027">"Direct interaction of CASK/LIN-2 and syndecan heparan sulfate proteoglycan and their overlapping distribution in neuronal synapses"</a>. <i>The Journal of Cell Biology</i>. 142 (1): 139–151. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1083%2Fjcb.142.1.139">10.1083/jcb.142.1.139</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2133027">2133027</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9660869">9660869</a>.</li> <li>Butz S, Okamoto M, Südhof TC (September 1998). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2981736-5">"A tripartite protein complex with the potential to couple synaptic vesicle exocytosis to cell adhesion in brain"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. 94 (6): 773–782. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2981736-5">10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81736-5</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9753324">9753324</a>.</li> <li>Borg JP, Straight SW, Kaech SM, de Taddéo-Borg M, Kroon DE, Karnak D, et al. (November 1998). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.273.48.31633">"Identification of an evolutionarily conserved heterotrimeric protein complex involved in protein targeting"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. 273 (48): 31633–31636. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.273.48.31633">10.1074/jbc.273.48.31633</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9822620">9822620</a>.</li> <li>Borg JP, Lõpez-Figueroa MO, de Taddèo-Borg M, Kroon DE, Turner RS, Watson SJ, Margolis B (February 1999). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6786035">"Molecular analysis of the X11-mLin-2/CASK complex in brain"</a>. <i>The Journal of Neuroscience</i>. 19 (4): 1307–1316. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.19-04-01307.1999">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-04-01307.1999</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6786035">6786035</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9952408">9952408</a>.</li> <li>Maximov A, Südhof TC, Bezprozvanny I (August 1999). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.274.35.24453">"Association of neuronal calcium channels with modular adaptor proteins"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. 274 (35): 24453–24456. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.274.35.24453">10.1074/jbc.274.35.24453</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10455105">10455105</a>.</li> <li>Hsueh YP, Sheng M (September 1999). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6782500">"Regulated expression and subcellular localization of syndecan heparan sulfate proteoglycans and the syndecan-binding protein CASK/LIN-2 during rat brain development"</a>. <i>The Journal of Neuroscience</i>. 19 (17): 7415–7425. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.19-17-07415.1999">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-17-07415.1999</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6782500">6782500</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10460248">10460248</a>.</li> <li>Hsueh YP, Wang TF, Yang FC, Sheng M (March 2000). "Nuclear translocation and transcription regulation by the membrane-associated guanylate kinase CASK/LIN-2". <i>Nature</i>. 404 (6775): 298–302. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000Natur.404..298H">2000Natur.404..298H</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35005118">10.1038/35005118</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10749215">10749215</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4415747">4415747</a>.</li> <li>Ebnet K, Schulz CU, Meyer Zu Brickwedde MK, Pendl GG, Vestweber D (September 2000). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M002363200">"Junctional adhesion molecule interacts with the PDZ domain-containing proteins AF-6 and ZO-1"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. 275 (36): 27979–27988. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M002363200">10.1074/jbc.M002363200</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10856295">10856295</a>.</li> <li>Nix SL, Chishti AH, Anderson JM, Walther Z (December 2000). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M002078200">"hCASK and hDlg associate in epithelia, and their src homology 3 and guanylate kinase domains participate in both intramolecular and intermolecular interactions"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. 275 (52): 41192–41200. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M002078200">10.1074/jbc.M002078200</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10993877">10993877</a>.</li> <li>Stevenson D, Laverty HG, Wenwieser S, Douglas M, Wilson JB (October 2000). "Mapping and expression analysis of the human CASK gene". <i>Mammalian Genome</i>. 11 (10): 934–937. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs003350010170">10.1007/s003350010170</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11003712">11003712</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:35231493">35231493</a>.</li> <li>Biederer T, Südhof TC (December 2000). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.C000656200">"Mints as adaptors. Direct binding to neurexins and recruitment of munc18"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. 275 (51): 39803–39806. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.C000656200">10.1074/jbc.C000656200</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11036064">11036064</a>.</li> <li>Martinez-Estrada OM, Villa A, Breviario F, Orsenigo F, Dejana E, Bazzoni G (March 2001). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M006991200">"Association of junctional adhesion molecule with calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK/LIN-2) in human epithelial caco-2 cells"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. 276 (12): 9291–9296. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M006991200">10.1074/jbc.M006991200</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11120739">11120739</a>.</li> <li>Hsueh YP, Roberts AM, Volta M, Sheng M, Roberts RG (June 2001). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6762697">"Bipartite interaction between neurofibromatosis type I protein (neurofibromin) and syndecan transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans"</a>. <i>The Journal of Neuroscience</i>. 21 (11): 3764–3770. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.21-11-03764.2001">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-11-03764.2001</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6762697">6762697</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11356864">11356864</a>.</li> <li>Zhang Y, Luan Z, Liu A, Hu G (May 2001). "The scaffolding protein CASK mediates the interaction between rabphilin3a and beta-neurexins". <i>FEBS Letters</i>. 497 (2–3): 99–102. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0014-5793%2801%2902450-4">10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02450-4</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11377421">11377421</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:33119468">33119468</a>.</li> <li>Fallon L, Moreau F, Croft BG, Labib N, Gu WJ, Fon EA (January 2002). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M109806200">"Parkin and CASK/LIN-2 associate via a PDZ-mediated interaction and are co-localized in lipid rafts and postsynaptic densities in brain"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. 277 (1): 486–491. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M109806200">10.1074/jbc.M109806200</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11679592">11679592</a>.</li> <li>Olsen O, Liu H, Wade JB, Merot J, Welling PA (January 2002). "Basolateral membrane expression of the Kir 2.3 channel is coordinated by PDZ interaction with Lin-7/CASK complex". <i>American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology</i>. 282 (1): C183 – C195. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fajpcell.00249.2001">10.1152/ajpcell.00249.2001</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11742811">11742811</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li>Human <a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&singleSearch=knownCanonical&position=CASK"><i>CASK</i></a> genome location and <a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGene?db=hg38&hgg_type=knownGene&hgg_gene=CASK"><i>CASK</i></a> gene details page in the <a href="/facts/UCSC_Genome_Browser/kwumPyLb">UCSC Genome Browser</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Dimitratos SD, Stathakis DG, Nelson CA, Woods DF, Bryant PJ (July 1998). 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PMID 12511555. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M212507200" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M212507200</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Wang GS, Hong CJ, Yen TY, Huang HY, Ou Y, Huang TN, et al. (April 2004). "Transcriptional modification by a CASK-interacting nucleosome assembly protein". Neuron. 42 (1): 113–128. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(04)00139-4. PMID 15066269. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0896-6273%2804%2900139-4" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0896-6273%2804%2900139-4</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Leonoudakis D, Conti LR, Radeke CM, McGuire LM, Vandenberg CA (April 2004). "A multiprotein trafficking complex composed of SAP97, CASK, Veli, and Mint1 is associated with inward rectifier Kir2 potassium channels". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (18): 19051–19063. doi:10.1074/jbc.M400284200. PMID 14960569. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M400284200" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M400284200</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Chetkovich DM, Bunn RC, Kuo SH, Kawasaki Y, Kohwi M, Bredt DS (August 2002). "Postsynaptic targeting of alternative postsynaptic density-95 isoforms by distinct mechanisms". The Journal of Neuroscience. 22 (15): 6415–6425. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-15-06415.2002. PMC 6758133. PMID 12151521. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6758133" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6758133</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Nix SL, Chishti AH, Anderson JM, Walther Z (December 2000). "hCASK and hDlg associate in epithelia, and their src homology 3 and guanylate kinase domains participate in both intramolecular and intermolecular interactions". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (52): 41192–41200. doi:10.1074/jbc.M002078200. PMID 10993877. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M002078200" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M002078200</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Chetkovich DM, Bunn RC, Kuo SH, Kawasaki Y, Kohwi M, Bredt DS (August 2002). "Postsynaptic targeting of alternative postsynaptic density-95 isoforms by distinct mechanisms". The Journal of Neuroscience. 22 (15): 6415–6425. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-15-06415.2002. PMC 6758133. PMID 12151521. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6758133" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6758133</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Martinez-Estrada OM, Villa A, Breviario F, Orsenigo F, Dejana E, Bazzoni G (March 2001). 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PMID 14960569. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M400284200" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M400284200</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>Borg JP, Straight SW, Kaech SM, de Taddéo-Borg M, Kroon DE, Karnak D, et al. (November 1998). "Identification of an evolutionarily conserved heterotrimeric protein complex involved in protein targeting". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (48): 31633–31636. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.48.31633. PMID 9822620. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.273.48.31633" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.273.48.31633</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>Lehtonen S, Lehtonen E, Kudlicka K, Holthöfer H, Farquhar MG (September 2004). "Nephrin forms a complex with adherens junction proteins and CASK in podocytes and in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells expressing nephrin". 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FEBS Letters. 497 (2–3): 99–102. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02450-4. PMID 11377421. S2CID 33119468. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>Zhang Y, Luan Z, Liu A, Hu G (May 2001). "The scaffolding protein CASK mediates the interaction between rabphilin3a and beta-neurexins". FEBS Letters. 497 (2–3): 99–102. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02450-4. PMID 11377421. S2CID 33119468. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>Cohen AR, Woods DF, Marfatia SM, Walther Z, Chishti AH, Anderson JM, Wood DF (July 1998). "Human CASK/LIN-2 binds syndecan-2 and protein 4.1 and localizes to the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells". The Journal of Cell Biology. 142 (1): 129–138. doi:10.1083/jcb.142.1.129. PMC 2133028. 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