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Delphinus
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<h2 id="mythology">Mythology</h2> <p>Delphinus is associated with two stories from <a href="/facts/Greek_mythology/M7k4FvW8">Greek mythology</a>. </p><p>According to myth, the first Greek god <a href="/facts/Poseidon/kTYc88aD">Poseidon</a> wanted to marry <a href="/facts/Amphitrite/jjpQrceg">Amphitrite</a>, a beautiful <a href="/facts/Nereid/f6T4rJdS">nereid</a>. However, wanting to protect her virginity, she fled to the Atlas mountains. Her suitor then sent out several searchers, among them a certain Delphinus. Delphinus accidentally stumbled upon her and was able to persuade Amphitrite to accept Poseidon's wooing. Out of gratitude the god placed the image of a dolphin among the stars.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p><p>The second story tells of the Greek poet <a href="/facts/Arion/YarDHNra">Arion</a> of <a href="/facts/Lesbos/oQ5x2FMC">Lesbos</a> (7th century BC), who was saved by a dolphin.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> He was a court musician at the palace of Periander, ruler of Corinth. Arion had amassed a fortune during his travels to Sicily and Italy. On his way home from <a href="/facts/Taranto/TyJDvBep">Tarentum</a> his wealth caused the crew of his ship to conspire against him. Threatened with death, Arion asked to be granted a last wish which the crew granted: he wanted to sing a dirge.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> This he did, and while doing so, flung himself into the sea. There, he was rescued by a dolphin which had been charmed by Arion's music. The dolphin carried Arion to the coast of Greece and left.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <h3>In non-Western astronomy</h3> <p>In <a href="/facts/Chinese_astronomy/o84DLtYR">Chinese astronomy</a>, the stars of Delphinus are located within <i><a href="/facts/Black_Tortoise_(Chinese_constellation)/PoU1rB5F">the Black Tortoise of the North</a></i> (北方玄武, <i>Běi Fāng Xuán Wǔ</i>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p>In <a href="/facts/Polynesia/rVSckqmD">Polynesia</a>, two cultures recognized Delphinus as a constellation. In <a href="/facts/Pukapuka/9PG2d9yD">Pukapuka</a>, it was called <i>Te Toloa</i> and in the <a href="/facts/Tuamotus/gj9YqIVI">Tuamotus</a>, it was called <i>Te Uru-o-tiki</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>In <a href="/facts/Hindu_astrology/zKz7fjCe">Hindu astrology</a>, the Delphinus corresponds to the <a href="/facts/Nakshatra/ECt3bFw4">Nakshatra</a>, or lunar mansion, of <a href="/facts/Dhanishta/faTYqILN">Dhanishta</a>. </p> <h2 id="characteristics">Characteristics</h2> <p>Delphinus is bordered by <a href="/facts/Vulpecula/sFKY38Ys">Vulpecula</a> to the north, <a href="/facts/Sagitta/f5ymNKSV">Sagitta</a> to the northwest, <a href="/facts/Aquila_(constellation)/p90KeceQ">Aquila</a> to the west and southwest, <a href="/facts/Aquarius_(constellation)/FrYyKIUv">Aquarius</a> to the southeast, <a href="/facts/Equuleus/27L3xJo6">Equuleus</a> to the east and <a href="/facts/Pegasus_(constellation)/DpwfGQuF">Pegasus</a> to the east.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> Covering 188.5 square degrees, corresponding to 0.457% of the sky, it ranks 69th of the 88 constellations in size.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> The three-letter abbreviation for the constellation, as adopted by the IAU in 1922, is "Del".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> The official constellation boundaries, as set by <a href="/facts/Eug%C3%A8ne_Joseph_Delporte/IBCIUGgl">Eugène Delporte</a> in 1930, are defined by a polygon of 14 segments. In the <a href="/facts/Equatorial_coordinate_system/dn5W4Eoo">equatorial coordinate system</a>, the <a href="/facts/Right_ascension/z4CEsTFu">right ascension</a> coordinates of these borders lie between 20h 14m 14.1594s and 21h 08m 59.6073s, while the <a href="/facts/Declination/5X4S4k9u">declination</a> coordinates are between +2.4021468° and +20.9399471°.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> The whole constellation is visible to observers north of latitude <a href="/facts/69th_parallel_south/uGwf0ddF">69°S</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="features">Features</h2> <h3>Stars</h3> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/List_of_stars_in_Delphinus/0enms3ar">List of stars in Delphinus</a></p> <p>Delphinus has two stars above fourth <a href="/facts/Apparent_magnitude/7pCTF1Me">(apparent) magnitude</a>; its brightest star is of magnitude 3.6. The main <a href="/facts/Asterism_(astronomy)/CFu0Qllg">asterism</a> in Delphinus is Job's Coffin, nearly a 45°-apex <a href="/facts/Lozenge_(shape)/eypxLHFb">lozenge</a> or diamond of the four brightest stars: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta Delphini. Delphinus is in a rich Milky Way star field. Alpha and Beta Delphini have 19th century names Sualocin and Rotanev, read backwards: Nicolaus Venator, the Latinized name of a <a href="/facts/Palermo_Astronomical_Observatory/0aDfKypA">Palermo Observatory</a> director, <a href="/facts/Niccol%C3%B2_Cacciatore/HstzB4Ml">Niccolò Cacciatore</a> (d. 1841).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Alpha_Delphini/yMdQn7tv">Alpha Delphini</a> is a blue-white hued <a href="/facts/Main_sequence/DJ3Wq8kd">main sequence</a> star of magnitude 3.8,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> 241 light-years from Earth. It is a spectroscopic binary.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> It is officially named Sualocin.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> The star has an absolute magnitude of -0.4.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Beta_Delphini/2EDEwnpt">Beta Delphini</a> is officially called Rotanev.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> It was found to be a binary star in 1873.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> The gap between its close <a href="/facts/Binary_star/TYlDe1bD">binary</a> stars is visible from large amateur telescopes. To the unaided eye, it appears to be a white star of magnitude 3.6.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> It has a period of 27 years and is 97 light-years from Earth. </p><p><a href="/facts/Gamma_Delphini/U7cYSd15">Gamma Delphini</a> is a celebrated binary star among amateur astronomers. The primary is orange-gold of magnitude 4.3; the secondary is a light yellow star of magnitude 5.1. The pair form a true binary with an estimated orbital period of over 3,000 years. 125 light-years away, the two components are visible in a small amateur telescope.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> The secondary, also described as green, is 10 arcseconds from the primary. Struve 2725, called the "Ghost Double", is a pair that appears similar but dimmer. Its components of magnitudes 7.6 and 8.4 are separated by 6 arcseconds and are 15 arcminutes from Gamma Delphini itself.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> An unconfirmed exoplanet with a minimum mass of 0.7 Jupiter masses may orbit one of the stars.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Delta_Delphini/CVFngCkl">Delta Delphini</a> is a type <a href="/facts/A-type_main_sequence_star/j859nTAv">A-type star</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> of magnitude 4.43.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> It is a spectroscopic binary, and both stars are <a href="/facts/Delta_Scuti_variable/EQtxUC4z">Delta Scuti variables</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Epsilon_Delphini/HTBt2IuS">Epsilon Delphini</a>, Deneb Dulfim (<a href="/facts/Arab_astrology/0GgSSMpD">lit.</a> "tail [of the] Dolphin"), or Aldulfin, is a star of <a href="/facts/Stellar_classification/dYrIuK9H">stellar class</a> B6 III.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> Its magnitude is variable at around 4.03.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Zeta_Delphini/9WNJsjce">Zeta Delphini</a>, an A3Va<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> main-sequence star of magnitude 4.6, was in 2014 discovered to have a <a href="/facts/Brown_dwarf/fa7kr9lH">brown dwarf</a> orbiting around it. Zeta Delphini B has a mass of 50±15 MJ.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> </p> <p><a href="/facts/Rho_Aquilae/9Pt8mjbT">Rho Aquilae</a> at magnitude 4.94<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> is at about 150 light-years away.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> Due to its <a href="/facts/Proper_motion/ECByRQ8c">proper motion</a> it has been in the (round-figure parameter) bounds of the constellation since 1992.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> It is an <a href="/facts/A-type_main_sequence_star/j859nTAv">A-type main sequence star</a> with a lower metallicity than the Sun.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/HR_Delphini/ttsuoogK">HR Delphini</a> was a <a href="/facts/Nova/H1GcmKXT">nova</a> that brightened to magnitude 3.5 in December 1967.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> It took an unusually long time for the nova to reach peak brightness which indicate that it barely satisfied the conditions for a thermonuclear runaway.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> Another nova by the name <a href="/facts/V339_Delphini/SBpK8YVy">V339 Delphini</a> was detected in 2013; it peaked at magnitude 4.3 and was the first nova observed to produce lithium.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Musica_(star)/nYJHYD7P">Musica</a>, also known by its Flamsteed designation 18 Delphini, is one of the five stars with known planets located in Delphinus. It has a spectral type of G6 III.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Arion_(planet)/nHJ6K0Rx">Arion</a>, the planet, is a very dense and massive planet with a mass at least 10.3 times greater than Jupiter.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> Arion was part of the first <a href="/facts/NameExoWorlds/NpRMt4m0">NameExoWorlds</a> contest where the public got the opportunity to suggest names for exoplanets and their host stars.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a> </p> <h3>Exoplanets</h3> <p>In 2024 the planet <a href="/facts/TOI-6883_b/o4WgUy2z">TOI-6883 b</a> was discovered in the constellation Delphinus.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> It has a 16.249 day orbital period around its host star,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a> a radius 1.08 times Jupiter's,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a> and a mass 4.34 times Jupiter's.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a> It was discovered from a single transit<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a> in TESS data and it was confirmed by a network of citizen scientists.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a> </p><p>In 2024, the planet TOI-6883 c was discovered in the constellation Delphinus.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a> It has an orbital period of 7.8458 days, a radius of 0.7 times Jupiter's, and a third of Jupiter's mass. The Neptunian-size planet was discovered from an abnormality from data retrieved from TOI-6883 c.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a> </p> <h3>Deep-sky objects</h3> <p>Its rich <a href="/facts/Milky_Way/ulF6lccN">Milky Way</a> star field means many modestly deep-sky objects. NGC 6891 is a <a href="/facts/Planetary_nebula/5Vy84cPq">planetary nebula</a> of magnitude 10.5; another is <a href="/facts/NGC_6905/RrWxBozM">NGC 6905</a> or the Blue Flash Nebula. The Blue Flash Nebula shows broad emission lines. The central star in NGC 6905 has a spectral of WO2, meaning it is rich in oxygen.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/NGC_6934/N8l0oyJs">NGC 6934</a> is a <a href="/facts/Globular_cluster/FL0EERJU">globular cluster</a> of magnitude 9.75. It is about 52,000 light-years away from the Solar System.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a> It is in the <a href="/facts/Shapley-Sawyer_Concentration_Class/V7jfrndw">Shapley-Sawyer Concentration Class</a> VIII<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a> and is thought to share a common origin with another globular cluster in <a href="/facts/Bo%C3%B6tes/B74JhFQm">Boötes</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a> It has an intermediate metallicity for a globular cluster,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a> but as of 2018 it has been poorly studied.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a> At a distance of about 137,000 light-years,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a> the globular cluster <a href="/facts/NGC_7006/DDaCUH5R">NGC 7006</a> is at the outer reaches of the galaxy. It is also fairly dim at magnitude 11.5 and is in Class I.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Delphinus_(Chinese_astronomy)/pt3S8Iac">Delphinus (Chinese astronomy)</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="citations">Citations</h2> <ul><li>Makemson, Maud Worcester (1941). <i>The Morning Star Rises: an account of Polynesian astronomy</i>. <a href="/facts/Yale_University_Press/oavMPaT7">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1941msra.book.....M">1941msra.book.....M</a>.</li> <li>Ridpath, Ian; Tirion, Wil (2017). <i>Stars and planets guide</i>. London: Collins. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-00-823927-5. Princeton University Press, Princeton. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-691-17788-5.</li> <li><a href="/facts/University_of_Wisconsin/Rfj54YvS">University of Wisconsin</a>, <a href="http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/constellations/constellations/Delphinus.html">"Delphinus"</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307160324/http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/constellations/constellations/Delphinus.html">Archived</a> 2016-03-07 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Delphinus (constellation). <ul><li><a href="http://www.allthesky.com/constellations/delphinus/">The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Delphinus</a></li> <li><a href="http://astrojan.nhely.hu/delphin.htm">The clickable Delphinus</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/delphinus.html">Star Tales – Delphinus</a></li> <li><a href="https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017054">Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (medieval and early modern images of Delphinus)</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Pseudo-Hyginus. "HYGINUS, ASTRONOMICA 2.1-17". Theoi Classical Texts Library. Retrieved June 26, 2017. <a href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusAstronomica.html#17" target="_blank">http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusAstronomica.html#17</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Ridpath & Tirion 2017, pp. 140–141. - Ridpath, Ian; Tirion, Wil (2017). Stars and planets guide. London: Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-823927-5. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Herodotus, Histories I.23-24;also Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae XVI.19; Plutarch, Conv. sept. sap. 160–62; Shakespeare, Twelfth Night (Act I, Sc 2, line 16) <a href="/wiki/Aulus_Gellius" target="_blank">/wiki/Aulus_Gellius</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Schaaf, Fred (September 2012). "The Celestial Dolphin". Sky and Telescope. 124 (3): 47. Bibcode:2012S&T...124c..47S. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>(in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 4 日 <a href="http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0607/ap060704.html" target="_blank">http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0607/ap060704.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Makemson 1941, p. 283. - Makemson, Maud Worcester (1941). The Morning Star Rises: an account of Polynesian astronomy. Yale University Press. Bibcode:1941msra.book.....M. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1941msra.book.....M" target="_blank">https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1941msra.book.....M</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Delphinus, Constellation Boundary". The Constellations. International Astronomical Union. Retrieved 15 July 2020. <a href="https://www.iau.org/public/themes/constellations/#del" target="_blank">https://www.iau.org/public/themes/constellations/#del</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Ridpath, Ian. "Constellations: Andromeda–Indus". Star Tales. Self-published. Retrieved 4 March 2016. <a href="/wiki/Ian_Ridpath" target="_blank">/wiki/Ian_Ridpath</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Russell, Henry Norris (1922). "The New International Symbols for the Constellations". Popular Astronomy. 30: 469. Bibcode:1922PA.....30..469R. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell" target="_blank">/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Delphinus, Constellation Boundary". The Constellations. International Astronomical Union. Retrieved 15 July 2020. <a href="https://www.iau.org/public/themes/constellations/#del" target="_blank">https://www.iau.org/public/themes/constellations/#del</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Ridpath, Ian. "Constellations: Andromeda–Indus". Star Tales. Self-published. Retrieved 4 March 2016. <a href="/wiki/Ian_Ridpath" target="_blank">/wiki/Ian_Ridpath</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>While parts of the constellation rise above the horizon to observers between 69°S and 87°S, stars within a few degrees of the horizon are practically unobservable.[8] <a href="/wiki/87th_parallel_south" target="_blank">/wiki/87th_parallel_south</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Ridpath & Tirion 2017, pp. 140–141. - Ridpath, Ian; Tirion, Wil (2017). Stars and planets guide. London: Collins. 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