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Erwise
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<h2 id="development">Development</h2> <p>For the web to be popularized, <a href="/facts/Tim_Berners-Lee/JRv21mt9">Tim Berners-Lee</a> knew that what people wanted was a <a href="/facts/GUI/wBlQFWDP">GUI</a>-based <a href="/facts/Web_browser/2pfyymLs">browser</a> – one that could target multiple <a href="/facts/Operating_system/8XTuvMh2">operating systems</a>, and most importantly, be easy-to-use for the technologically challenged. At the time, <a href="/facts/Personal_computer/koaYfNce">personal computers</a> were also confusing to some people that were not experienced with <a href="/facts/Technology/9Uav5WVR">technology</a>. </p> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <ul><li>Extremely pre-documented (in Finnish).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li>Serious coding started around March 1992.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></li> <li>Alpha release available by anonymous FTP from info.cern.ch—binaries only (sun4 works, decstation too, display requires <a href="/facts/Motif_(software)/zEwd49VX">Motif</a>) as of 15 April 1992.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li> <li>Source code released on www-talk August 92.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="characteristics">Characteristics</h2> <p>The following are significant characteristics of the browser: </p> <ul><li>It used a multi-font text.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li> <li>The links of Erwise browser were underlined. To visit the links you had to <a href="/facts/Double-click/6nqvjS1b">double click</a> on the links.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></li> <li>Erwise could execute multiple window operation, though the optional single window mode was also available.</li> <li>Erwise could open local files.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></li> <li>Erwise had little English documentation.</li> <li>Some of the buttons were for features that were not implemented.</li> <li>Tim Berners-Lee would have continued with the works of Erwise.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> He could not do so because Erwise's code was documented in the Finnish language.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="criticism">Criticism</h2> <p>Erwise crashed on some versions of <a href="/facts/Unix/0pNL2seI">Unix</a>, which Berners-Lee attributed to poor Motif implementations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Free and open-source software portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/ViolaWWW/D9KBrRAJ">ViolaWWW</a></li></ul> <h2 id="sources">Sources</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Tim_Berners-Lee/JRv21mt9">Berners-Lee, Tim</a>: <i>Weaving the Web</i> <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-694-52125-6.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://ftp.funet.fi/pub/networking/services/www/erwisE/">The source code</a> at <a href="/facts/FUNET/qdVN9UHm">FUNET</a> FTP archives</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Holwerda, Thom (3 March 2009). "The World's First Graphical Browser: Erwise". OSNews. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="http://www.osnews.com/story/21076/The_World_s_First_Graphical_Browser_Erwise" target="_blank">http://www.osnews.com/story/21076/The_World_s_First_Graphical_Browser_Erwise</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Cern Authentication". <a href="http://cnlart.web.cern.ch/cnlart/2001/001/www-history/" target="_blank">http://cnlart.web.cern.ch/cnlart/2001/001/www-history/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Computing at CERN in the 1990s". cerncourier. 7 September 2006. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cnl/25822" target="_blank">http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cnl/25822</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Tim Berners-Lee. "What were the first WWW browsers?". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" target="_blank">/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Henrik Frystyk Nielsen (26 October 1999). "World Wide Web People – "Erwise" team". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Frystyk_Nielsen" target="_blank">/wiki/Henrik_Frystyk_Nielsen</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Tim Berners-Lee (29 April 1992). "Comparison with ViolaWWW". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" target="_blank">/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"The Greatest Internet Pioneers You Never Heard Of". Xconomy. Xconomy.com. 3 March 2009. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="http://www.xconomy.com/national/2009/03/03/the-greatest-internet-pioneers-you-never-heard-of-the-story-of-erwise-and-four-finns-who-showed-the-way-to-the-web-browser/" target="_blank">http://www.xconomy.com/national/2009/03/03/the-greatest-internet-pioneers-you-never-heard-of-the-story-of-erwise-and-four-finns-who-showed-the-way-to-the-web-browser/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Stewart, Bill. "Web Browser History". Living Internet. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_browse.htm" target="_blank">http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_browse.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Tim Berners-Lee (29 April 1992). "Comparison with ViolaWWW". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" target="_blank">/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Tim Berners-Lee (29 April 1992). "Comparison with ViolaWWW". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" target="_blank">/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Stewart, Bill. "Web Browser History". Living Internet. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_browse.htm" target="_blank">http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_browse.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Status of "Erwise" browser". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/Erwise/Status.html" target="_blank">http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/Erwise/Status.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Helsingin Sanomat" (in Finnish). 10 February 2000. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604122412/http://www2.hs.fi/klik/arkisto/2000helmikuu/20000210klik99erwise.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110604122412/http://www2.hs.fi/klik/arkisto/2000helmikuu/20000210klik99erwise.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Status of "Erwise" browser". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/Erwise/Status.html" target="_blank">http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/Erwise/Status.html</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"Status of "Erwise" browser". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/Erwise/Status.html" target="_blank">http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/Erwise/Status.html</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Status of "Erwise" browser". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/Erwise/Status.html" target="_blank">http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/Erwise/Status.html</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"Status of "Erwise" browser". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/Erwise/Status.html" target="_blank">http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/Erwise/Status.html</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Tim Berners-Lee (29 April 1992). "Comparison with ViolaWWW". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" target="_blank">/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Tim Berners-Lee (29 April 1992). "Comparison with ViolaWWW". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" target="_blank">/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Tim Berners-Lee (29 April 1992). "Comparison with ViolaWWW". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" target="_blank">/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Holwerda, Thom (3 March 2009). "The World's First Graphical Browser: Erwise". OSNews. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="http://www.osnews.com/story/21076/The_World_s_First_Graphical_Browser_Erwise" target="_blank">http://www.osnews.com/story/21076/The_World_s_First_Graphical_Browser_Erwise</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Gillies, James; Cailliau, Robert (2000). How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 211. ISBN 0-19-286207-3. <a href="0-19-286207-3" target="_blank">0-19-286207-3</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Tim Berners-Lee (29 April 1992). "Comparison with ViolaWWW". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" target="_blank">/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Tim Berners-Lee. "Viola and Erwise". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010. <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" target="_blank">/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>