The reader is controlled by the readtable, which defines the meaning of each character.
Unlike most programming languages, Lisp supports parse-time execution of programs, called "read macros" or "reader macros". These are used to extend the syntax either in universal or program-specific ways. For example, the quoted form (quote x) operator can be abbreviated as 'x. The ' operator can be defined as a read macro which reads the following list and wraps it with quote. Similarly, the backquote operator (` ) can be defined as a read macro.