Maple

<h2 id="evolutionary-history">Evolutionary history</h2>
The closest relative of Acer is <a href="/facts/Dipteronia/GuklNhMB">Dipteronia</a>, which only has two living species in China, but has a fossil record extending back to the middle <a href="/facts/Paleocene/IWWoh8D9">Paleocene</a> in North America. The oldest known fossils of Acer are from the late Paleocene of <a href="/facts/Northeast_Asia/2oh4HM7W">Northeast Asia</a> and northern North America, around 60 million years old. The oldest fossils of Acer in Europe are from <a href="/facts/Svalbard/7Q2MHDKp">Svalbard</a>, dating to the late <a href="/facts/Eocene/EYgI8Uco">Eocene</a> (<a href="/facts/Priabonian/5ruB70cv">Priabonian</a> ~38–34 million years ago).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a>

<h2 id="morphology">Morphology</h2>

Most maples or acers are trees growing to a height of 10–45 m (33–148 ft). Others are shrubs less than 10 meters tall with a number of small <a href="/facts/Trunk_(botany)/13Nq8CEC">trunks</a> originating at about ground level. Most species are <a href="/facts/Deciduous/7jQHVtdd">deciduous</a>, and many are renowned for their <a href="/facts/Autumn_leaf_colour/wwBAjVW5">autumn leaf colours</a>, but a few in southern Asia and the <a href="/facts/Mediterranean_region/azjFD5mW">Mediterranean region</a> are mostly <a href="/facts/Evergreen/bcLptUdV">evergreen</a>. Most are <a href="/facts/Shade_tolerance/JKkK4J9e">shade-tolerant</a> when young and are often riparian, understory, or pioneer species rather than climax overstory trees. There are a few exceptions such as <a href="/facts/Sugar_maple/nUscXhLM">sugar maple</a>. Many of the <a href="/facts/Root/x2U60Gdm">root</a> systems are typically dense and fibrous, inhibiting the growth of other vegetation underneath them. A few species, notably <a href="/facts/Acer_cappadocicum/SoApE17f">Acer cappadocicum</a>, frequently produce <a href="/facts/Root_sprout/4F4ekjaQ">root sprouts</a>, which can develop into <a href="/facts/Clonal_colony/SDblHCVk">clonal colonies</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>

Maples are distinguished by opposite <a href="/facts/Leaf/1m6wCNTg">leaf</a> arrangement. The leaves in most species are <a href="/facts/Leaf_shape/GfSyEn7C">palmate</a> veined and lobed, with 3 to 9 (rarely to 13) veins each leading to a lobe, one of which is central or apical. A small number of species differ in having palmate compound, <a href="/facts/Leaf_shape/GfSyEn7C">pinnate</a> compound, pinnate veined or unlobed leaves. Several species, including <a href="/facts/Acer_griseum/g5sj0eQt">Acer griseum</a> (paperbark maple), <a href="/facts/Acer_mandshuricum/ep53D874">Acer mandshuricum</a> (Manchurian maple), <a href="/facts/Acer_maximowiczianum/TITAsSU2">Acer maximowiczianum</a> (Nikko maple) and <a href="/facts/Acer_triflorum/dB0bCf2k">Acer triflorum</a> (three-flowered maple), have trifoliate leaves. One species, <a href="/facts/Acer_negundo/uKNS8lP5">Acer negundo</a> (box-elder or Manitoba maple), has pinnately compound leaves that may be simply trifoliate or may have five, seven, or rarely nine leaflets. A few, such as <a href="/facts/Acer_laevigatum/BI9hPWhL">Acer laevigatum</a> (Nepal maple) and <a href="/facts/Acer_carpinifolium/abr6WsHp">Acer carpinifolium</a> (hornbeam maple), have pinnately veined simple leaves.
Maple species, such as <a href="/facts/Acer_rubrum/uojT1DDe">Acer rubrum</a>, may be <a href="/facts/Monoecious/Up20kQT3">monoecious</a>, <a href="/facts/Dioecious/jwMHLkuM">dioecious</a> or <a href="/facts/Polygamodioecious/Up20kQT3">polygamodioecious</a>. The <a href="/facts/Flower/7gI5Kefw">flowers</a> are regular, <a href="/facts/Symmetry_(biology)/FSv5Sv4y">pentamerous</a>, and borne in <a href="/facts/Raceme/lXl4udlJ">racemes</a>, <a href="/facts/Corymb/IERjACuJ">corymbs</a>, or <a href="/facts/Umbel/hASc38KG">umbels</a>. They have four or five <a href="/facts/Sepal/rFYnXN4d">sepals</a>, four or five <a href="/facts/Petal/DQMkpRSm">petals</a> about 1–6 mm long (absent in some species), four to ten <a href="/facts/Stamen/MzNPVK3D">stamens</a> about 6–10 mm long, and two <a href="/facts/Pistil/P5qFQMk1">pistils</a> or a pistil with two styles. The <a href="/facts/Ovary_(botany)/Qug4yDY4">ovary</a> is superior and has two <a href="/facts/Carpel/P5qFQMk1">carpels</a>, whose wings elongate the flowers, making it easy to tell which flowers are female. Maples flower in late <a href="/facts/Winter/kSp26z8R">winter</a> or early <a href="/facts/Spring_(season)/3UWDpVmx">spring</a>, in most species with or just after the appearance of the leaves, but in some before the trees leaf out.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a>
Maple flowers are green, yellow, orange or red. Though individually small, the effect of an entire tree in flower can be striking in several species. Some maples are an early spring source of <a href="/facts/Pollen/eqRP052I">pollen</a> and <a href="/facts/Nectar/Y784ExfM">nectar</a> for <a href="/facts/Bee/HglXpXty">bees</a>.

The distinctive <a href="/facts/Fruit/PBpuzk60">fruits</a> are called <a href="/facts/Samara_(fruit)/56xvcjMW">samaras</a>, "maple keys", "helicopters", "whirlybirds" or "polynoses". These <a href="/facts/Seed/a4xGSLxJ">seeds</a> occur in distinctive pairs each containing one seed enclosed in a "nutlet" attached to a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue. They are shaped to spin as they fall and to carry the seeds a considerable distance on the wind. People often call them "helicopters" due to the way that they spin as they fall. During World War II, the US Army developed a special airdrop supply carrier that could carry up to 65 pounds (29 kg) of supplies and was based on the maple seed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> Seed maturation is usually in a few weeks to six months after flowering, with <a href="/facts/Biological_dispersal/aju7c9ku">seed dispersal</a> shortly after maturity. However, one tree can release hundreds of thousands of seeds at a time. Depending on the species, the seeds can be small and green to orange and big with thicker seed pods. The green seeds are released in pairs, sometimes with the stems still connected. The yellow seeds are released individually and almost always without the stems. Most species require <a href="/facts/Stratification_(botany)/hUGbk5Ef">stratification</a> in order to <a href="/facts/Germination/BdNz4TyV">germinate</a>, and some seeds can remain dormant in the soil for several years before germinating.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a>
The genus Acer, together with genus Dipteronia, were formerly often classified in a <a href="/facts/Family_(biology)/qTrn6E8E">family</a> of their own, the <a href="/facts/Aceraceae/nvaENVd4">Aceraceae</a>, but recent botanical consensus, including the <a href="/facts/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group/HPTcwEPr">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group</a> system, includes them in the family <a href="/facts/Sapindaceae/TPlTCg7T">Sapindaceae</a>; their exclusion from Sapindaceae would leave that family <a href="/facts/Paraphyly/tmTWjACz">paraphyletic</a>. Within Sapindaceae, Acer is placed in the <a href="/facts/Subfamily/2QPtfDS4">subfamily</a> <a href="/facts/Hippocastanoideae/zNVw7CPH">Hippocastanoideae</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> The genus is subdivided by its morphology into a multitude of sections and subsections.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> Molecular studies incorporating DNA sequence data from both chloroplast and nuclear genomes, aiming to resolve the internal relationships and reconstruct the evolutionairy history of the group, suggest a Late Paleocene origin for the group, appearing first in the northeastern Palearctic. Rapid lineage divergence was followed by several independent dispersals to the Nearctic and Western Palearctic regions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> Fifty-four species of maples meet the <a href="/facts/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature/QwV8JXup">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> criteria for being under threat of extinction in their native habitat.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a>

<h2 id="pests-and-diseases">Pests and diseases</h2>

The leaves are used as a food plant for the <a href="/facts/Larva/GKo2FIew">larvae</a> of a number of the order <a href="/facts/Lepidoptera/yPFPsQmL">Lepidoptera</a> (see List of Lepidoptera that feed on maples). In high concentrations, caterpillars, like the greenstriped mapleworm (<a href="/facts/Dryocampa_rubicunda/NhVbjPvE">Dryocampa rubicunda</a>), can feed on the leaves so much that they cause temporary defoliation of host maple trees.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> <a href="/facts/Aphid/kbvClSLl">Aphids</a> are also very common sap-feeders on maples. In horticultural applications a <a href="/facts/Dimethoate/udHsTd06">dimethoate</a> spray will solve this.
Infestations of the <a href="/facts/Asian_long-horned_beetle/1t2PsrNs">Asian long-horned beetle</a> (Anoplophora glabripennis) have resulted in the destruction of thousands of maples and other tree species in Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Ohio in the United States and Ontario, Canada.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a>
Maples are affected by a number of <a href="/facts/Fungus/BHo5DP59">fungal</a> diseases. Several are susceptible to Verticillium wilt caused by <a href="/facts/Verticillium/xsYvlh2t">Verticillium</a> species, which can cause significant local mortality. <a href="/facts/Cryptostroma_corticale/8LpRXsU2">Sooty bark disease</a>, caused by <a href="/facts/Cryptostroma/8LpRXsU2">Cryptostroma</a> species, can kill trees that are under stress due to <a href="/facts/Drought/LVW0rfuV">drought</a>. Death of maples can rarely be caused by <a href="/facts/Phytophthora/HqRN71Y0">Phytophthora</a> <a href="/facts/Root_rot/7Wm0YWoW">root rot</a> and <a href="/facts/Ganoderma/REsz3IkG">Ganoderma</a> root decay. Maple leaves in late summer and autumn are commonly disfigured by "tar spot" caused by <a href="/facts/Rhytisma_(fungus)/73dATYab">Rhytisma</a> species and <a href="/facts/Mildew/wVos4nxG">mildew</a> caused by <a href="/facts/Uncinula/uarctyvd">Uncinula</a> species, though these diseases do not usually have an adverse effect on the trees' long-term health.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a>

<h2 id="cultural-significance">Cultural significance</h2>

A <a href="/facts/Maple_leaf/IRYrMPxy">maple leaf</a> appears on the <a href="/facts/Arms_of_Canada/GAqx7aKI">coat of arms of Canada</a>, and is on the <a href="/facts/Canadian_flag/Q9F7DnqF">Canadian flag</a>. The maple is a common symbol of strength and endurance and has been chosen as the national tree of Canada. Maple leaves are traditionally an important part of <a href="/facts/Canadian_Forces/bxd17dtq">Canadian Forces</a> military regalia, for example, the military rank insignia for generals use maple leaf symbols. 
There are 10 species naturally growing in the country, with at least one in each province. Although the idea of the tree as a national symbol originally hailed from the province of <a href="/facts/Quebec/4hhNvb4t">Quebec</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> where the <a href="/facts/Acer_saccharum/nUscXhLM">sugar maple</a> is significant, today's arboreal emblem of Canada rather refers to a generic maple.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a> The design on the <a href="/facts/Flag_of_Canada/Q9F7DnqF">flag</a> is an eleven-point stylization modeled after a sugar maple leaf (which normally bears 23 points).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a>
It is also in the name of the Canadian ice hockey team, the <a href="/facts/Toronto_Maple_Leafs/IeIDPW8k">Toronto Maple Leafs</a>.
The first attested use of the word was in 1260 as "mapole", and it also appears a century later in <a href="/facts/Geoffrey_Chaucer/HR7rHQng">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>'s <a href="/facts/Canterbury_Tales/FrrCdDy0">Canterbury Tales</a>, spelled as "mapul".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> The maple is also a symbol of <a href="/facts/Hiroshima/WuFDhz14">Hiroshima</a>, ubiquitous in the local <a href="/facts/Meibutsu/udPgUs1X">meibutsu</a>.
A maple leaf, along with samaras, appears in the coat of arms of <a href="/facts/Sammatti/aHoKSaTY">Sammatti</a>, a former municipality of <a href="/facts/Uusimaa/h45zlR3o">Uusimaa</a>, <a href="/facts/Finland/G5Ak6T91">Finland</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a>

<h2 id="uses">Uses</h2>
<h3>Horticulture</h3>

Some species of maple are extensively planted as <a href="/facts/Ornamental_tree/ImyCDwMW">ornamental trees</a> by homeowners, businesses, and municipalities due to their fall colour, relatively fast growth, ease of transplanting, and lack of hard seeds that would pose a problem for mowing lawns. Particularly popular are <a href="/facts/Norway_maple/V7QLgGPI">Norway maple</a> (although it is considered invasive in North America), <a href="/facts/Silver_maple/xJrcaNzt">silver maple</a>, <a href="/facts/Japanese_maple/LAB3TeWP">Japanese maple</a>, and <a href="/facts/Red_maple/uojT1DDe">red maple</a>. The <a href="/facts/Acer_circinatum/Vkv6j9qR">vine maple</a> is also occasionally used as an ornamental tree. Other maples, especially smaller or more unusual species, are popular as specimen trees.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a>

<h4>Cultivars</h4>
Numerous maple <a href="/facts/Cultivar/nfaLJJM3">cultivars</a> that have been selected for particular characteristics can be <a href="/facts/Plant_propagation/tHTSBRTI">propagated</a> only by <a href="/facts/Asexual_reproduction/HpovW0VS">asexual reproduction</a> such as cuttings, <a href="/facts/Tissue_culture/gdKf5Yxp">tissue culture</a>, budding or <a href="/facts/Grafting/s1hfSwTR">grafting</a>. <a href="/facts/Acer_palmatum/LAB3TeWP">Acer palmatum</a> (Japanese maple) alone has over 1,000 cultivars, most selected in Japan, and many of them no longer propagated or not in cultivation in the <a href="/facts/Western_world/UQl4e7du">Western world</a>. Some delicate cultivars are usually grown in pots and rarely reach heights of more than 50–100 cm.

<h4>Bonsai</h4>

Maples are a popular choice for the art of <a href="/facts/Bonsai/g4wLe7ak">bonsai</a>. <a href="/facts/Japanese_maple/LAB3TeWP">Japanese maple</a> (Acer palmatum), <a href="/facts/Trident_maple/spBACvl3">trident maple</a> (A. buergerianum), <a href="/facts/Amur_maple/X3cABtBp">Amur maple</a> (A. ginnala), <a href="/facts/Field_maple/V2Gm4Fjz">field maple</a> (A. campestre) and <a href="/facts/Montpellier_maple/0puaU7U2">Montpellier maple</a> (A. monspessulanum) are popular choices and respond well to techniques that encourage leaf reduction and <a href="/facts/Ramification_(botany)/D5TJsC8x">ramification</a>, but most species can be used.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a>

<h4>Collections</h4>

Maple collections, sometimes called aceretums, occupy space in many gardens and <a href="/facts/Arboretum/2f884zQC">arboreta</a> around the world including the "five great W's" in <a href="/facts/England/U9mE5bGL">England</a>: <a href="/facts/Wakehurst_Place_Garden/2SE4FkjM">Wakehurst Place Garden</a>, <a href="/facts/Westonbirt_Arboretum/sGlyj1PW">Westonbirt Arboretum</a>, <a href="/facts/Windsor_Great_Park/S24LKxhu">Windsor Great Park</a>, <a href="/facts/Winkworth_Arboretum/eYp89HSx">Winkworth Arboretum</a> and <a href="/facts/Wisley_Garden/NTXq1fKc">Wisley Garden</a>. In the <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a>, the aceretum at the <a href="/facts/Harvard_University/Lhy9L1cx">Harvard</a>-owned <a href="/facts/Arnold_Arboretum/UUDoPFlW">Arnold Arboretum</a> in <a href="/facts/Boston,_Massachusetts/exjfn6xf">Boston</a> is especially notable. In the number of species and cultivars, the <a href="/facts/Esveld_Aceretum/wDmuLyIA">Esveld Aceretum</a> in <a href="/facts/Boskoop/mcDasxXG">Boskoop, Netherlands</a>, is the largest in the world.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a>

<h3>Commercial uses</h3>
Maples are important as sources of syrup and wood. Dried wood is often used for the <a href="/facts/Smoking_(cooking)/S9UuKMSg">smoking</a> of food. Charcoal from maples is an integral part of the <a href="/facts/Lincoln_County_Process/JnpcH82Q">Lincoln County Process</a> used to make <a href="/facts/Tennessee_whiskey/Wah4xJfv">Tennessee whiskey</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a> They are also cultivated as <a href="/facts/Ornamental_plant/ImyCDwMW">ornamental plants</a> and have benefits for <a href="/facts/Tourism/x47vNhHj">tourism</a> and <a href="/facts/Agriculture/TGztqzJs">agriculture</a>.

<h4>Timber</h4>

Some of the larger maple species have valuable <a href="/facts/Timber/jJfdSlJ6">timber</a>, particularly Sugar maple in North America and Sycamore maple in Europe. Sugar maple wood—often known as "hard maple"—is the wood of choice for <a href="/facts/Bowling/0o4tKz8h">bowling</a> pins, bowling alley lanes, <a href="/facts/Pool_(cue_sports)/Tr3mPH0V">pool</a> and <a href="/facts/Snooker/PX3vtzqU">snooker</a> <a href="/facts/Cue_stick/tXNpfDrk">cue shafts</a>, and <a href="/facts/Butcher_block/MhcTELFg">butcher's blocks</a>. Maple wood is also used for the manufacture of wooden <a href="/facts/Baseball_bat/XDS93stu">baseball bats</a>, though less often than <a href="/facts/Ash_(tree)/Ew2cklTl">ash</a> or <a href="/facts/Hickory/wSpADscb">hickory</a> due to the tendency of maple bats to shatter if they do break. The maple bat was introduced to <a href="/facts/Major_League_Baseball/4WW9yef3">Major League Baseball</a> (MLB) in 1998 by <a href="/facts/Sam_Bat/hR5FLfxQ">Sam Bat</a> founder Sam Holman. Today it is the standard maple bat most in use by professional baseball.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> Maple is also commonly used in archery as the core material in the limbs of a <a href="/facts/Recurve_bow/Sv4FnLg1">recurve bow</a> due to its stiffness and strength.
Maple wood is often graded based on physical and aesthetic characteristics. The most common terminology includes the grading scale from common #2; which is unselected and often used for craft woods; common #1, used for commercial and residential buildings; clear; and select grade, which is sought for fine woodworking.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a>
Some maple wood has a highly decorative <a href="/facts/Wood_grain/yyPhv8oP">wood grain</a>, variously known as <a href="/facts/Flame_maple/L0MxozU4">flame maple</a>, <a href="/facts/Quilt_maple/FLBQ8S4S">quilt maple</a>, <a href="/facts/Birdseye_maple/qqTjUt5E">birdseye maple</a> and <a href="/facts/Burl/tQjcpb77">burl wood</a>. This condition occurs randomly in individual trees of several species and often cannot be detected until the wood has been sawn, though it is sometimes visible in the standing tree as a rippled pattern in the bark.
These select decorative wood pieces also have subcategories that further filter the aesthetic looks. Crotch wood, bees wing, cats paw, old growth and mottled are some terms used to describe the look of these decorative woods.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a>
Maples have a long history of use for furniture production in the United States.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a> The <a href="/facts/Cherokee/M43yAzsu">Cherokee</a> people would produce a purple dye from maple bark, which they used to dye cloth.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a>

<h4>Tonewood</h4>
Maple is considered a <a href="/facts/Tonewood/w3cQm4YL">tonewood</a>, or a wood that carries sound waves well, and is used in numerous <a href="/facts/Musical_instrument/UMSjL1Ks">musical instruments</a>. Maple is harder and has a brighter sound than <a href="/facts/Mahogany/dTrTanrn">mahogany</a>, which is another major tonewood used in instrument manufacturing.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a>
The back, sides, and neck of most <a href="/facts/Violin/0m2eLF3B">violins</a>, <a href="/facts/Viola/l869ofuf">violas</a>, <a href="/facts/Cello/IeYEXr96">cellos</a>, and <a href="/facts/Double_bass/zyyj4aay">double basses</a> are made from maple.
<a href="/facts/Electric_guitar/yNL6qSw4">Electric guitar</a> necks are commonly made from maple, having good dimensional stability. The necks of the Fender <a href="/facts/Stratocaster/TcyPPGTs">Stratocaster</a> and <a href="/facts/Telecaster/rJftp8x6">Telecaster</a> were originally an entirely maple one piece neck, but later were also available with <a href="/facts/Rosewood/kWINNfMD">rosewood</a> fingerboards. <a href="/facts/Les_Paul/yAlADjfb">Les Paul</a> desired an all maple guitar, but due to the weight of maple, only the tops of <a href="/facts/Gibson_Guitar_Corporation/0LDC3Qen">Gibson</a>'s Les Paul guitars are made from carved maple, often using quilted or flamed maple tops. Due to its weight, very few <a href="/facts/Solid_body/4pRtQsY9">solid body</a> guitars are made entirely from maple, but many guitars have maple necks, tops or veneers.
Maple is also often used to make <a href="/facts/Bassoon/kn1HeqoW">bassoons</a> and sometimes for other <a href="/facts/Woodwind_instrument/JBMxaxyM">woodwind instruments</a> like maple recorders.
Many <a href="/facts/Drum/YIPLomXA">drums</a> are made from maple. From the 1970s to the 1990s, maple drum kits were a vast majority of all drum kits made, but in recent years, <a href="/facts/Birch/XG0bl0GF">birch</a> has become popular for drums once again. Some of the best drum-building companies use maple extensively throughout their mid-pro range.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a> Maple drums are favored for their bright resonant sound.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a> Certain types of drum sticks are also made from maple.

<h4>Agriculture</h4>
During late winter to early spring in northeastern <a href="/facts/North_America/djNjCQIl">North America</a>, when the night-to-day temperatures change from freezing to thawing, maple trees may be tapped for <a href="/facts/Sap_(plant)/cxdgQYP8">sap</a> to manufacture <a href="/facts/Maple_syrup/wm7P1fFM">maple syrup</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a> The sap is sent via tubing to a <a href="/facts/Sugar_house/xxhH2dAN">sugar house</a> where it is boiled to produce syrup or made into <a href="/facts/Maple_sugar/3CuaUsof">maple sugar</a> or <a href="/facts/Maple_taffy/3uIG3MhP">maple taffy</a>. It takes about 40 litres (42 US qt) of sugar maple sap to make 1 litre (1.1 US qt) of syrup.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a> While any Acer species may be tapped for syrup, many do not have sufficient quantities of sugar to be commercially useful, whereas <a href="/facts/Sugar_maple/nUscXhLM">sugar maples</a> (A. saccharum) are most commonly used to produce maple syrup.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a> <a href="/facts/Qu%C3%A9bec,_Canada/4hhNvb4t">Québec, Canada</a> is a major producer of maple syrup, an industry worth about 500 million <a href="/facts/Canadian_dollars/NMSsTyIE">Canadian dollars</a> annually.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a>
Also, as these trees are a major source of <a href="/facts/Pollen/eqRP052I">pollen</a> in early spring before many other plants have flowered, maple flowers are a source of foraging for <a href="/facts/Honeybee/GetXQWM0">honeybees</a> that play a commercially important role in general agriculture and in natural habitats.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a>

<h4>Pulpwood</h4>
Maple is used as <a href="/facts/Pulpwood/bqDx6323">pulpwood</a>. The fibers have relatively thick walls that prevent collapsing upon drying. This gives good bulk and opacity in <a href="/facts/Paper/FUETwwKV">paper</a>. Maple also gives paper good printing properties.

<h3>Tourism</h3>
Many maples have bright <a href="/facts/Autumn_foliage/wwBAjVW5">autumn foliage</a>, and many countries have leaf-watching traditions. The sugar maple (<a href="/facts/Acer_saccharum/nUscXhLM">Acer saccharum</a>), whose leaves turn brilliant orange, is the primary contributor to fall "<a href="/facts/Leaf_peeping/xcu1UmmM">foliage season</a>" in north-eastern <a href="/facts/North_America/djNjCQIl">North America</a>. In <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a>, the custom of viewing the changing colour of maples in the autumn is called <a href="/facts/Leaf_peeping/xcu1UmmM">momijigari</a>. <a href="/facts/Nikk%C5%8D/IC9Quexu">Nikkō</a> and <a href="/facts/Kyoto/gUWtvjfd">Kyoto</a> are particularly favoured destinations for this activity. In Korea, the same viewing activity is called danpung-nori and the <a href="/facts/Seoraksan/sdWgTkY3">Seoraksan</a> and <a href="/facts/Naejang-san/HjNDN1DD">Naejang-san</a> mountains are among the best-known destinations.

<h3>Gallery</h3>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Acer.

<ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_Acer_species/gtvhHH6R">List of Acer species</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_Award_of_Garden_Merit_maples/5k5Fg9dd">List of Award of Garden Merit maples</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_Danish_Acers/KXYhAAGQ">List of Danish Acers</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Mazer_(drinking_vessel)/Kd3eGdqQ">Mazer</a> – a drinking vessel made from maple wood</li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_foods_made_from_maple/wQEGI5oE">List of foods made from maple</a></li></ul>

<h3>Citations</h3>
<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a>
<h3>General bibliography</h3>
<ul><li>Philips, Roger (1979). <a href="https://archive.org/details/treesofnorthamer00phil">Trees of North America and Europe</a>. New York: Random House, Inc. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-394-50259-0.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
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<li id="fn:2">Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 [and more or less continuously updated since]. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/. <a href="http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/" target="_blank">http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:45">"Step-by-Step in the Production of Maple Syrup". Québec Maple Syrup Producers. 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021. <a href="https://ppaq.ca/en/maple-production/step-by-step-production-maple-syrup/" target="_blank">https://ppaq.ca/en/maple-production/step-by-step-production-maple-syrup/</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:46">"Step-by-Step in the Production of Maple Syrup". Québec Maple Syrup Producers. 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021. <a href="https://ppaq.ca/en/maple-production/step-by-step-production-maple-syrup/" target="_blank">https://ppaq.ca/en/maple-production/step-by-step-production-maple-syrup/</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:47">Marowits, Ross (20 February 2017). "Quebec increases maple syrup production amid internal revolt, foreign competition". CBC. Archived from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2017. <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-maple-syrup-production-increase-1.3990828" target="_blank">http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-maple-syrup-production-increase-1.3990828</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:48">"Trees for bees and other pollinators". Arbor Day Foundation. 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2021. <a href="https://www.arborday.org/trees/health/pests/article-trees-for-bees.cfm" target="_blank">https://www.arborday.org/trees/health/pests/article-trees-for-bees.cfm</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:49">Maples for gardens : a color encyclopedia. Timber Press. 1999. ISBN 9780585254579. <a href="9780585254579" target="_blank">9780585254579</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Maple open-in-new

Maple