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Professor Pyg
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<h2 id="publication-history">Publication history</h2> <h3>Creation and debut</h3> <p class="note">Further information: <a href="/facts/Final_Crisis/kEISM6Nj">Final Crisis § Plot</a>, and <a href="/facts/Batman%3a_Battle_for_the_Cowl/1mFoJevj">Batman: Battle for the Cowl</a></p> <p>Writer <a href="/facts/Grant_Morrison/LRSIoIvd">Grant Morrison</a> stated a new <a href="/facts/Batman/6ybzEQsH">Batman</a> villain must have "a gimmick. Creepiness. A distinctive look ... You kind of evolve those themes into new forms".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> Professor Pyg and his mind-controlled Dollotrons first appeared as crucified corpses in the 2007 story <i>Batman in Bethlehem</i> by Morrison and artist <a href="/facts/Andy_Kubert/eHE99w4N">Andy Kubert</a>, published in <i><a href="/facts/Batman_(comic_book)/fxluy16V">Batman</a></i> #666 (July 2007). The story is set in a future in which <a href="/facts/Bruce_Wayne/6ybzEQsH">Bruce Wayne</a>'s son <a href="/facts/Damian_Wayne/wYTkN6c8">Damian</a> helms the Batman vigilante persona. Although Morrison had developed a detailed backstory for Pyg, they were unsure the character would be used again.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> The name "Professor Pyg" originates from the song "Pygmalism" written by <a href="/facts/Momus_(musician)/jlG81mDM">Momus</a> for <a href="/facts/Kahimi_Karie/RaWkgaqz">Kahimi Karie</a>, "Pyg" being shorthand for <i><a href="/facts/Pygmalion_(play)/mpJqJ9gn">Pygmalion</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> The first storyline of the <i><a href="/facts/Batman_and_Robin_(comic_book)/35QkNUqK">Batman and Robin</a></i> series that ran from August to October 2009 saw the character's debut in the main <a href="/facts/DC_Universe/J97wlIsz">DC Universe</a>. The story line, titled "Batman Reborn", focuses on <a href="/facts/Dick_Grayson/Gu6Mr9CI">Dick Grayson</a>, who takes over the Batman mantle after Bruce Wayne is pronounced dead and partners with a younger Damian Wayne, who is now <a href="/facts/Robin_(character)/EfTmKR2X">Robin</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> In the story, Lazlo Valentin was an "extreme" circus mob boss until something turned him into Professor Pyg, leading him to begin funding his scientific experiments by selling narcotics to the criminal underworld. Batman and Robin learn from interrogating his underlings, members of a gang called the <a href="/facts/Circus_of_Strange/kth9odJV">Circus of Strange</a>, that Pyg is planning to spread a mind-control virus across <a href="/facts/Gotham_City/4dQTALc2">Gotham City</a> to hold the population for ransom. This occurred after the group broke into the Gotham City Police Department precinct that teammate <a href="/facts/Mister_Toad_(comics)/NjQ7m6tp">Mister Toad</a> was held in only to find him dead. Pyg is stopped and placed in <a href="/facts/Blackgate_Penitentiary/f5dpS11n">Blackgate Penitentiary</a> but medics cannot save his infected minions known as Dollotrons.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p> <h3>Return and expanded backstory</h3> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Batman%3a_The_Return_of_Bruce_Wayne/jpTb4RIF">Batman: The Return of Bruce Wayne</a></p> <p><i>Batman and Robin</i> #13, published in July 2010,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> marked Professor Pyg's return as part of the <i>Batman and Robin Must Die</i> storyline.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> Pyg had been working for the supervillain <a href="/facts/Simon_Hurt/640hz9BW">Doctor Simon Hurt</a> during the events of "Batman Reborn", and a virus has contaminated the population without Batman (Dick Grayson) or the public realizing it. Grayson discovers this as the virus becomes active. He is swarmed by a mob of infected people in the city streets. Pyg uses the virus as a diversion to escape Blackgate Penitentiary.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> The following issue focuses on Professor Pyg's business relationship with Doctor Hurt, who says he has "challenged [Pyg] to outline his personal vision for Gotham". As the virus spreads across the city, riots occur under Hurt's command.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> The story concludes with Bruce Wayne returning to stop Doctor Hurt after being trapped in the <a href="/facts/Timestream/AyktIbcz">timestream</a>. The infected civilians are quarantined and Professor Pyg is captured and transferred to <a href="/facts/Arkham_Asylum/HuXrCF5h">Arkham Asylum</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p><p>The character's backstory, including his <a href="/facts/Origin_story/4xk2HvAG">origin</a>, is significantly expanded upon in <i>Batman Incorporated: Leviathan Strikes!</i> (December 2011). Lazlo Valentin was a scientist working for a corrupt <a href="/facts/United_Nations/fgXLnmgT">United Nations</a> agency known as Spyral and was driven insane by a product that he was developing, which mimics some effects of <a href="/facts/Alzheimer%2527s_disease/w7Ad6tdg">Alzheimer's disease</a>. Lazlo develops <a href="/facts/Paranoid_schizophrenia/FMP4lQ57">paranoid schizophrenia</a>, leading to <a href="/facts/Drug_abuse/e3jLXFsF">drug abuse</a> and self-inflicted surgeries that turn him into Professor Pyg. Lazlo fathered a son named <a href="/facts/Son_of_Pyg/xEPs0qk5">Janosz Valentin</a>, who serves the criminal organization <a href="/facts/Leviathan_(DC_Comics)/A119aQ4V">Leviathan</a> and claimed his father taught him to be immune to pain.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p> <h3>The New 52</h3> <p>In September 2011, <a href="/facts/DC_Comics/gvuKz3yL">DC Comics</a> rebooted their <a href="/facts/Line_(comics)/mkASXBUN">line</a> of comic books under the <a href="/facts/The_New_52/82xskcXb">New 52</a> banner, <a href="/facts/Reboot_(fiction)/uDRnxmF1">establishing a new continuity</a> while keeping landmark stories intact.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> This iteration of Professor Pyg, still Lazlo Valentin, was introduced in <i><a href="/facts/Batman_(comic_book)/fxluy16V">Batman</a></i> #1 (September 2011) among other established Batman villains during an escape <a href="/facts/Riot/x3wtz4CM">riot</a> at Arkham Asylum, which was thwarted by Batman (Wayne) and <a href="/facts/Nightwing/1yz7lpqj">Nightwing</a> (Grayson).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> He continued to make <a href="/facts/Cameo_appearance/GJnuhYlm">cameo appearances</a> as an Arkham Asylum inmate in later comics.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> In the storyline <i><a href="/facts/Forever_Evil/axdUuynv">Forever Evil</a></i>, the inmates of Arkham Asylum and Blackgate Penitentiary battle for control of Gotham. Pyg and his Dollotrons briefly gain control over a district of the city but are usurped by <a href="/facts/Bane_(DC_Comics)/6tm15DGV">Bane</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> He is later forced by <a href="/facts/Scarecrow_(DC_Comics)/sJtqwlr2">Scarecrow</a> to ingest the steroid Venom to combat the usurper.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p><p>In October 2013, a prequel to <i>Batman in Bethlehem</i> titled <i>Damian: Son of Batman</i>, in which an older Damian Wayne succeeds his father as Batman, was written by Andy Kubert under the New 52 imprint.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> Having plotted the <a href="/facts/Limited_series_(comics)/BbrU7WP3">mini-series</a> in 2008, Kubert wanted to return to that timeline, saying, "I had always wanted to write. In talking with editor Mike Marts, he suggested I come up with a mini-series I would like to write and draw. I really loved that Batman and the whole world that Grant [Morrison] dreamed up. So I thought it would be fun to do a story of how Damian actually becomes that #666 Batman."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> An aging Pyg appears in the second issue and his henchmen in the third. Batman (Damian) attempts to stop him from experimenting on kidnapped children but Pyg's Dollotrons expel Batman from the area. Pyg is never caught.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> </p><p>The character plays a larger role in the first volume of the weekly series <i><a href="/facts/Batman_Eternal/nsVCTHf8">Batman Eternal</a></i>, which ran from April to August 2014, beginning with a brief confrontation with Batman in the first issue.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Carmine_Falcone/N0WprFj2">Carmine Falcone</a> attempts to take over Gotham City's criminal underworld, initiating a gang war with <a href="/facts/Penguin_(character)/Kqxp2W1R">Penguin</a>. To provide a distraction, Falcone frames Batman for the destruction of Professor Pyg's laboratory. Angry his work has been destroyed, Pyg sends his remaining Dollotrons to assault Batman, who persuades Pyg that Falcone was responsible. Pyg retaliates by destroying the laboratory of one of Falcone's paid scientists.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> He later turns several people into <a href="/facts/Human%25E2%2580%2593animal_hybrid/EL7qxd93">human–animal hybrids</a>, whom he labels his "farm hands", and finds Falcone. After the farm hands kill Falcone's guards, Pyg straps Falcone to a table with the intention of operating on him but Batman intervenes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> He is arrested and sent to Arkham Asylum under the supervision of <a href="/facts/Professor_Milo/RnLu4zGQ">Dr. Achilles Milo</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> </p><p>In <i><a href="/facts/Convergence_(comics)/PRhR4upg">Convergence</a></i>, the New 52 crosses over with the previous iteration of the DC Universe,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> during which Pyg's pre-New 52 counterpart is killed. Pyg is also featured in a chapter of the anthology <a href="/facts/Digital_comic/Iz0UWYlx">digital comic</a> series <i><a href="/facts/Sensation_Comics/CRy3xRx1">Sensation Comics, featuring Wonder Woman</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> During <i><a href="/facts/Robin_War/PtgpBd5q">Robin War</a></i>, a crossover between several Robin-related publications published from December 2015 to January 2016, Pyg uses an abandoned theatre for his criminal activities while working for the supervillain <a href="/facts/Brother_Blood/pcf9CAg1">Brother Blood</a>. Pyg escaped a confrontation with the <a href="/facts/Teen_Titans/tTKpMV21">Teen Titans</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> </p> <h3>Debut in other media</h3> <p>Professor Pyg, voiced by <a href="/facts/Brian_George/1fWybRtT">Brian George</a>, became a recurring villain in the 2013 animated series <i><a href="/facts/Beware_the_Batman/0eKYAFre">Beware the Batman</a></i>, which was intended to focus on lesser-known members of Batman's <a href="/facts/List_of_Batman_family_enemies/pS7VM8L3">rogues gallery</a> to set it apart from previous <i>Batman</i> television shows. He appears alongside Mister Toad (<a href="/facts/Udo_Kier/627Ihyzr">Udo Kier</a>), a humanoid toad, as eco-terrorists who hunt people for what they deem to be crimes against the animal kingdom. Pyg is still portrayed as a surgeon, transforming his victims into human–animal hybrids.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> The character later appeared in a <a href="/facts/Side_quest/mcKtNfJ1">side quest</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> of the 2015 video game <i><a href="/facts/Batman%3a_Arkham_Knight/L1KtnXYJ">Batman: Arkham Knight</a></i>, voiced by <a href="/facts/Dwight_Schultz/IQ2TRuPI">Dwight Schultz</a>. Pyg is described as "a gifted scientist who suffered a schizophrenic break" that caused him to develop his persona. In the game, Pyg uses his Circus of Strange business as a front for abducting people to turn into Dollotrons. After leaving behind a trail of corpses of failed experiments, Pyg is investigated and apprehended in a confrontation with Batman.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> Pyg also made minor appearances in the animated series <i><a href="/facts/Batman%3a_The_Brave_and_the_Bold/nNhEUE4N">Batman: The Brave and the Bold</a></i> and the video game <i><a href="/facts/Injustice_2/oBxn3krB">Injustice 2</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> </p><p>Lazlo Valentin played by <a href="/facts/Michael_Cerveris/mf2HSf32">Michael Cerveris</a> makes his live-action debut in the <a href="/facts/Gotham_season_4/mARKJ0VU">fourth season</a> of the television series <i><a href="/facts/Gotham_(TV_series)/kIbCQxKt">Gotham</a></i>. The character is introduced under his Professor Pyg alias as a <a href="/facts/Vigilante/y9NdbxYp">vigilante</a> who slaughters corrupt policemen and dresses their corpses with pigs' heads.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> Executive producer Bryan Wynbrandt described him as the "big villain" of the first half of the season.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> The character's <i><a href="/facts/Modus_operandi/eIfQAbr9">modus operandi</a></i> later expands; he targets the wealthy, who he claims "fed on the poor of Gotham".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a> Police captain <a href="/facts/Jim_Gordon_(character)/8xhYN1Xs">James Gordon</a> learns that "Professor Pyg" is a persona used by Valentin, a contract murderer who impersonates serial killers. He is hired by crime figure <a href="/facts/Sofia_Falcone/rt9sCmx3">Sofia Falcone</a> in a conspiracy to turn the corrupt police against kingpin <a href="/facts/Penguin_(character)/Kqxp2W1R">Oswald Cobblepot</a> and usurp his criminal empire. Falcone kills Valentin to keep the conspiracy quiet.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> </p> <h3>DC Rebirth and introduction in film</h3> <p>In May 2016, DC Comics again relaunched their entire line of comic books under the <a href="/facts/DC_Rebirth/7g7xQtxv">DC Rebirth</a> brand, restoring elements of the DC Universe that were erased under the New 52 while maintaining the continuity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> Pyg re-appears in 2017's <i><a href="/facts/Nightwing_(comic_book)/1yz7lpqj">Nightwing</a></i> #18, operating in Paris and creating Dollotron versions of Grayson and Damian Wayne, known as Deathwing and Robintron. Grayson and Wayne overcome Pyg, who tells them he created Deathwing and Robintron for Simon Hurt.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> He later appears in <i><a href="/facts/Harley_Quinn_(comic_book)/CFsrgKvm">Harley Quinn</a></i> #43–44 and <i><a href="/facts/Batgirl_and_the_Birds_of_Prey/Dmj09hlW">Batgirl and the Birds of Prey</a></i> #15.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a> He appears again in <i><a href="/facts/Batwoman_(comic_book)/rN2dgjke">Batwoman</a></i> #11, in which <a href="/facts/Batwoman/rN2dgjke">Batwoman</a> saves her ally <a href="/facts/Julia_Pennyworth/g546H8bG">Julia Pennyworth</a> from Pyg after <a href="/facts/Beth_Kane/cl50q3PW">Alice</a> leaks her secret identity to him.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> </p><p>Professor Pyg is among the villains who feature in the <a href="/facts/Intercompany_crossover/UkArQIcg">intercompany crossover</a> <i>The Shadow/Batman</i>, in which Batman and <a href="/facts/The_Shadow/bqXeWl2d">The Shadow</a> team up to combat a conspiracy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a> Pyg makes his film debut voiced by <a href="/facts/James_Urbaniak/uVG67ULG">James Urbaniak</a> in the 2018 animated film <i><a href="/facts/Suicide_Squad%3a_Hell_to_Pay/ThLfkMv9">Suicide Squad: Hell to Pay</a></i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a> in which he is depicted as an underground surgeon-for-hire for supervillains. </p><p>In the limited series <i><a href="/facts/Doomsday_Clock_(comics)/rlpRxacl">Doomsday Clock</a></i>, a sequel to the seminal 1986 <i><a href="/facts/Watchmen/AdeJnhm3">Watchmen</a></i>, Pyg is among the supervillains who attend an underground meeting held by <a href="/facts/Riddler/VEt2GAuz">Riddler</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a> In a story in the 2018 Halloween anthology <i>Cursed Comics Cavalcade</i>, Damian Wayne teams up with the zombie <a href="/facts/Solomon_Grundy_(character)/a29ofUS3">Solomon Grundy</a> against Professor Pyg, after he kidnaps a group of children.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a> </p><p>In January 2019, the <i><a href="/facts/Mister_Miracle/AfWBsl79">Mister Miracle</a></i> creative team <a href="/facts/Tom_King_(writer)/tVBICzzM">Tom King</a> and Mitch Geralds reunited for <i><a href="/facts/Batman_(comic_book)/fxluy16V">Batman</a></i> #62, which was promoted as a "special issue". Pyg holds Batman captive, as he recalls the mythical Pygmalion and considers how he psychologically mirrors Pyg.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a> </p><p>In the <i><a href="/facts/Harley_Quinn_(TV_series)/eFITdrsn">Harley Quinn</a></i> episode "There's Nowhere to Go But Down", Pyg makes a brief, silent cameo among the prisoners in Bane's pit. He later appears as the main antagonist of "Gotham's Hottest Hotties", where he attempts to create the perfect woman using stolen parts from various attractive bodies, including Nightwing's buttocks. However, he is defeated and ultimately killed by Harley Quinn, who is working with the Bat Family. </p> <h2 id="characterization-and-symbolism">Characterization and symbolism</h2> <p>Professor Pyg is usually characterized in comic books as someone who is suffering from severe mental illness. Cocreator Grant Morrison envisioned him as "one of the weirdest, most insane characters that's ever been in Batman [comics]" and said, "We hear a lot about Batman facing crazy villains but we tried to make this guy seem genuinely disturbed and disconnected ... Professor Pyg isn't from another world; he's from here, but he's very, very sick". Taking inspiration from the works of <a href="/facts/David_Lynch/9T1gIYEg">David Lynch</a>, Morrison wanted the visuals in <i>Batman Reborn</i>, illustrated by <a href="/facts/Frank_Quitely/Md88yofn">Frank Quitely</a>, to feel like a real world crossing over with a world of schizophrenia, <a href="/facts/Paranoia/6SR9jv8y">paranoia</a>, and the use of narcotics. They've stated that when Batman and Robin are facing Pyg and his Dollotrons, they are dealing with "the eerie, creepy, mentally-ill dark corners of life".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a> The character uses drugs, <a href="/facts/Lobotomy/TcWkUk2b">lobotomy</a>, and doll masks permanently molded onto people's faces to turn them into genderless Dollotrons, which he believes are perfected human beings.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a> </p><p>The name Pyg is a shortening of <i>Pygmalion</i>, <a href="/facts/George_Bernard_Shaw/roL4nzwc">George Bernard Shaw</a>'s play that was adapted into the musical <i><a href="/facts/My_Fair_Lady_(film)/mJXYkkzt">My Fair Lady</a></i> starring <a href="/facts/Rex_Harrison/J8weu0qT">Rex Harrison</a>, which tells the story of a professor's attempt to convert a street urchin into an educated, high-society woman. According to Morrison, "Movie enthusiasts will know that Rex Harrison also played <a href="/facts/Doctor_Doolittle/5YjPokcK">Doctor Doolittle</a>, who by strange coincidence was famed for teaching barnyard animals to speak proper, so our Professor Pyg mixes all these characteristics and influences together to create a monster who wants to make everything and everyone 'perfect,' as he sees it".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a> On the <a href="/facts/DC_Comics/gvuKz3yL">DC Comics</a> website, journalist Meg Downey notes parallels between Professor Pyg's view of his Dollotrons and the Greek mythological figure <a href="/facts/Pygmalion_(mythology)/qrrv53gk">Pygmalion</a>, who carved a statue of a woman out of ivory that was so realistic and beautiful he fell in love with his creation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a> Morrison referred to the character's experiments to force biology to conform to his will as an "attempt to dominate and redefine the feminine principle", comparing it to the wire mother experiments performed by psychologist <a href="/facts/Harry_Harlow/F79dJgrP">Harry Harlow</a> on infant monkeys and to the proto-mother mythologies of <a href="/facts/Mesopotamia/f0mmbhTK">Mesopotamia</a> and ancient <a href="/facts/Babylon/Iz0TwTXS">Babylon</a>: "The shattered mind of Lazlo Valentin has mashed all of these connections into a frightening personal 'mythos', constructed to justify his deranged activities as Professor Pyg".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a> Morrison also said Pyg's deranged rants in <i>Batman and Robin Must Die</i> allude to animal experimentation carried out in the US in the mid-twentieth century, including Harlow and <a href="/facts/John_B._Calhoun/bczo5zQR">John B. Calhoun</a>'s Rockville barn rat population research, which collectively influenced the character's origin story.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a> In the comics, Pyg has a makeshift mother constructed from boards and nails from which <a href="/facts/Auditory_hallucination/87K8Skts">auditory hallucinations</a> continuously compel him to improve his work.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a> In <i>Batman</i> #62, Bruce Wayne compares Pyg's love for his work to his own fixation with vigilantism, having built up his ideals and philosophies since he witnessed his parents being murdered as a boy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a> </p><p>Pyg was adapted differently from the comics in the television series <i>Beware the Batman</i>; developer <a href="/facts/Glen_Murakami/o4Mr59UJ">Glen Murakami</a> said, "it's not like we're trying to change it, but we only have 22 minutes to tell that story. The theme that we went in with Pyg and Toad was kind of <i>Wind in the Willows</i>, but they also became like a twisted [Sherlock] Holmes and Watson. It felt like it flowed, it felt like it had a theme. That seemed more important for that to track rather than all the backstory."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a> Chris Sims of the journalism website <i><a href="/facts/ComicsAlliance/EmeP3tnL">ComicsAlliance</a></i> said the changes are "about as far from melting people's faces, stripping in front of a wire mother and dosing Gotham City with a psychotropic drug as you're likely to get".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a> According to <i>Comic Book Resources</i> writer Kieran Shiach, the <i>Arkham Knight</i> iteration is a very accurate facsimile of the original comic book portrayal, the major difference being the character's new enthusiasm for opera music.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a> Pyg's in-game attributes label him a <a href="/facts/Perfectionism_(psychology)/XEp1CVWU">perfectionist</a> and an amateur opera vocalist. Before his confrontation with Batman, during which Pyg describes his surgical operations as "fixing" his victims who are unique and broken, Batman is warned by <a href="/facts/Alfred_Pennyworth/r7nlqKls">Alfred Pennyworth</a> that Pyg is "unhinged, even by Gotham's standards". After Pyg's capture, he claims his mutilated victims are works of art, and while in a police lockup, he expresses concern for how they are being treated.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a> </p><p>In the television series <i>Gotham</i>, Lazlo Valentin is portrayed as a contract killer who impersonates other serial killers. He creates an elaborate persona of a murderer under the Professor Pyg alias to aid Sofia Falcone's rise to power in Gotham City's criminal underworld.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a> Actor Michael Cerveris said of the faux persona, "Professor Pyg is a brilliant and chameleon-like person who has a highly developed sense of what's right and wrong—it just might not be a sense of right and wrong that corresponds with everybody else's". Executive producer <a href="/facts/John_Stephens_(TV_producer)/WoResHvn">John Stephens</a> said the character was chosen for the show because "He hits that sweet spot of being grotesque and terrifying, but also a little bit in that fairy-tale-esque world". Cerveris said Pyg takes delight in his actions and sees himself as a mirror image to James Gordon, who also wants to end corruption in the <a href="/facts/Gotham_City_Police_Department/4dQTALc2">Gotham City Police Department</a>. Pyg spells his name with a "y" as an homage to Pygmalion and because he wants to remake Gotham City in his own image. He also wants to make Gordon into a better version of himself; according to Cerveris, "He is almost looking at Gordon as an ally, like 'I'm on your side, Jim'. And Jim is saying, 'No, you're actually a sociopath'. So it works in many ways as a seduction on Pyg's part as he tries to pull (Jim) in."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a> </p><p>In early episodes of <i>Gotham</i>, Pyg claims to have suffered at the hands of Gotham City's elite, implying a troubled past for the Pyg persona and a vengeful motive. Cerveris stated Pyg is aware of his actions but may not be comfortable with himself, which may be partly because he is covering his true identity. Layers of his disguise are continuously stripped down and reapplied.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a> Hailing from the southern United States, Valentin uses implanted, shifting metal plates and facial reconstruction to help him hide his true identity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a> Before the Pyg persona is revealed to be fake, Cerveris said he lacks his alter ego's trademark surgical prowess because it was intended to focus more on his relationship with the city and James Gordon, and that the Dollotrons are not the sole purpose of his existence. Cerveris also said the Dollotrons might be a later part of Valentin's life because the show is about the origins of the Batman mythos.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a> </p> <h3>Design</h3> <p>Professor Pyg most commonly wears a pig mask,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a> a makeshift surgical outfit,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a> and a butcher's apron. Much of his original wardrobe in the comic books was designed by Frank Quitely and is a homage to the <a href="/facts/Edwardian_era/GxyzQQqe">Edwardian</a> suits worn by Rex Harrison in <i>My Fair Lady</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a> </p><p>The television series <i>Gotham</i> was planned to feature a pig mask that more closely resembled the comic book version but it was deemed "a little too cheery and pink". Executive producer <a href="/facts/Danny_Cannon/4uxCKknM">Danny Cannon</a> decided the mask should look like decapitated pig flesh. Cerveris found the change to be simultaneously comical and disturbing; he had some difficulty acting in the mask due to its weight and the heat underneath, and because it blocked his peripheral vision. According to Cerveris, "the mask is a really freeing aspect, and I felt naked when I didn't have the mask on, and couldn't really be Professor Pyg". Pyg retains his apron from the source material.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="merchandise">Merchandise</h2> <p>Professor Pyg's opera suite titled "Ode to Perfection" was composed by <a href="/facts/David_Buckley/VvVlx9SR">David Buckley</a> for the <i>Batman: Arkham Knight</i> soundtrack.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82"><sup>82</sup></a> An <a href="/facts/Action_figure/c1AYoC0g">action figure</a> of the character was released as part of the third series of <i>Arkham Knight</i> figures from DC Collectibles in February 2016.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83"><sup>83</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="critical-response">Critical response</h2> <p>Meg Downey said Professor Pyg is one of Batman's most disturbing villains.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84"><sup>84</sup></a> In 2015, <i><a href="/facts/IGN/kNcWSmFY">IGN</a></i> writers Jesse Schedeen and Joshua Yehl ranked Professor Pyg as the twenty-third-greatest Batman villain of all time,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85"><sup>85</sup></a> and in a separate editorial, Schedeen called Pyg "one of the crazier and more unusual" Batman villains created by Grant Morrison.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86"><sup>86</sup></a> Beth Elderkin of <i>io9</i> called the character "one of the weirdest villains to come out of the <i>Batman</i> canon" while <i><a href="/facts/Bustle_(magazine)/yLdk5g9q">Bustle</a></i> referred to him as "one of the comics' modern masterpieces, and one of its most horrifying creations".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87"><sup>87</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88"><sup>88</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/David_Pepose/HIyKwHCP">David Pepose</a> of <i><a href="/facts/Newsarama/NrHBCUBW">Newsarama</a></i> praised the inclusion of Professor Pyg and <a href="/facts/Jason_Bard/CSsKn6dG">Jason Bard</a> in <i>Batman Eternal</i> for emphasizing elements of the DC Universe that were underused following the New 52.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89"><sup>89</sup></a> <i><a href="/facts/Comic_Book_Resources/h2mcCfnK">Comic Book Resources</a>'</i>s Mike Fugere said the character is a "bigger monster" than Solomon Grundy, an undead creature within the DC Universe who Fugere calls "terrifying". He cited the comic book <i>Cursed Comics Cavalcade</i> #1 as his reason, a story in which Grundy tries to stop Pyg from mutilating a group of children. According to Fugere, Pyg is "basically Hannibal Lecter on steroids and is a reminder that not all superhero comics are for kids". He also said Grant Morrison accomplished his goal of making Pyg one of the weirdest and most insane characters in <i>Batman</i> comic books.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90"><sup>90</sup></a> </p><p>In 2017, John Stephens said Professor Pyg is one of his favorite recently-created Batman villains for being demented, grotesque, and funny. Because the character was created recently, he also said Pyg is more contemporary than the classic rogues and did not have to be revitalized as much.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91"><sup>91</sup></a> When it was announced Professor Pyg would appear on <i>Gotham</i>, <i><a href="/facts/Digital_Spy/4v0n6K9W">Digital Spy</a></i> commented, "<i>Gotham</i> season 4 is going to introduce its most disturbing villain ever, so forget about sleeping ever again".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92"><sup>92</sup></a> Charlie Ridgely of <i>Comicbook.com</i> stated Pyg's appearance on <i>Gotham</i> proved he is "one of the most disturbed" villains who has served as an antagonist to Batman.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93"><sup>93</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_Beware_the_Batman_characters/mraEAHMy">List of Beware the Batman characters</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_Gotham_characters/nVjk0w5x">List of Gotham characters</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://dc.wikia.com/wiki/Lazlo_Valentin_%28New_Earth%29">Professor Pyg</a> at DC Comics Wiki</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Cowsill, Alan; Irvine, Alex; Korte, Steve; Manning, Matt; Wiacek, Win; Wilson, Sven (2016). The DC Comics Encyclopedia: The Definitive Guide to the Characters of the DC Universe. DK Publishing. p. 238. ISBN 978-1-4654-5357-0. <a href="978-1-4654-5357-0" target="_blank">978-1-4654-5357-0</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Grant Morrison's New Batman and Robin". IGN. 22 May 2009. Archived from the original on February 7, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2017. <a href="http://www.ign.com/articles/2009/05/22/grant-morrisons-new-batman-and-robin?page=2" target="_blank">http://www.ign.com/articles/2009/05/22/grant-morrisons-new-batman-and-robin?page=2</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Morrison, Grant (April 7, 2010). Batman and Robin: Batman Reborn–Deluxe Edition–"Batman Redrawn". DC Comics. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-4012-2566-7. <a href="978-1-4012-2566-7" target="_blank">978-1-4012-2566-7</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Grant Morrison: The Batman and Robin to Come". Newsarama. Archived from the original on July 25, 2017. Retrieved November 23, 2017. <a href="https://www.newsarama.com/3030-grant-morrison-the-batman-and-robin-to-come.html" target="_blank">https://www.newsarama.com/3030-grant-morrison-the-batman-and-robin-to-come.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"A Professor Pyg Primer: Who Is Gotham's Creepy New Villain?". ComicBookResources. 25 October 2017. Retrieved November 23, 2017. <a href="https://www.cbr.com/gotham-professor-pyg-primer/" target="_blank">https://www.cbr.com/gotham-professor-pyg-primer/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Grant Morrison (w), Frank Quitely (p), Frank Quitely (i), Alex Sinclair (col), Pat Brosseau (let), Mike Marts and Janelle Asselin (ed). "Batman Reborn: Domino Effect" Batman and Robin, vol. 1, no. 1 (August 2009). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Grant_Morrison" target="_blank">/wiki/Grant_Morrison</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Grant Morrison (w), Frank Quitely (p), Frank Quitely (i), Alex Sinclair (col), Pat Brosseau (let), Mike Marts and Janelle Asselin (ed). "Batman Reborn: The Circus of Strange" Batman and Robin, vol. 1, no. 2 (September 2009). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Grant_Morrison" target="_blank">/wiki/Grant_Morrison</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Grant Morrison (w), Frank Quitely (p), Frank Quitely (i), Alex Sinclair (col), Pat Brosseau (let), Mike Marts and Janelle Asselin (ed). "Batman Reborn: Mommy Made of Nails" Batman and Robin, vol. 1, no. 3 (October 2009). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Grant_Morrison" target="_blank">/wiki/Grant_Morrison</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Batman and Robin #13". DC Comics. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved November 27, 2017. <a href="http://www.dccomics.com/comics/batman-and-robin-2009/batman-and-robin-13" target="_blank">http://www.dccomics.com/comics/batman-and-robin-2009/batman-and-robin-13</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Batman and Robin #13". ComicBookResources. 8 July 2010. Retrieved November 27, 2017. <a href="https://www.cbr.com/batman-and-robin-13/" target="_blank">https://www.cbr.com/batman-and-robin-13/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Grant Morrison (w), Frank Irving (p), Frank Irving (i), Alex Sinclair (col), Pat Brosseau (let), Mike Marts and Janelle Asselin (ed). "Batman and Robin Must Die – Part 1" Batman and Robin, vol. 1, no. 13 (July 2010). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Grant_Morrison" target="_blank">/wiki/Grant_Morrison</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Grant Morrison (w), Frank Irving (p), Frank Irving (i), Frank Irving (col), Pat Brosseau (let), Mike Marts and Janelle Asselin (ed). "Batman and Robin Must Die – Part 2" Batman and Robin, vol. 1, no. 14 (September 2010). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Grant_Morrison" target="_blank">/wiki/Grant_Morrison</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Grant Morrison (w), Frank Irving, Cameron Stewart, and Chris Burnham (p), Frank Irving, Cameron Stewart, and Chris Burnham (i), Frank Irving and Alex Sinclair (col), Pat Brosseau (let), Mike Marts and Janelle Asselin (ed). "Black Mass" Batman and Robin, vol. 1, no. 16 (November 2010). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Grant_Morrison" target="_blank">/wiki/Grant_Morrison</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Grant Morrison (w), Cameron Stewart, and Chris Burnham (p), Chris Burnham (i), Nathan Fairbain (col), Sal Cipriano (let), Katie Kubert and Rickey Purdin (ed). Batman Incorporated: Leviathan Strikes!, vol. 1, no. 1 (December 2011). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Grant_Morrison" target="_blank">/wiki/Grant_Morrison</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"Harras, Berganza: DCnU Will Keep Much of DC History Intact". Newsarama. June 15, 2011. Archived from the original on June 19, 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2011. <a href="http://www.newsarama.com/7812-harras-berganza-dcnu-will-keep-much-of-dc-history-intact.html" target="_blank">http://www.newsarama.com/7812-harras-berganza-dcnu-will-keep-much-of-dc-history-intact.html</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Scott Snyder (w), Greg Capullo (p), Jonathan Glapion (i), FCO Plascencia (col), Richard Starkings and Jimmy Betancourt (let), Mike Marts, Katie Kubert, and Janelle Asselin (ed). "Court of Owls: Knife Trick" Batman, vol. 2, no. 1 (September 2011). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Scott_Snyder" target="_blank">/wiki/Scott_Snyder</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning (w), Fernando Dagnino (p), Fernando Dagnino (i), Jeromy Cox (col), Rob Leigh (let), Brian Cunningham and Darren Shan (ed). "Locked In" Resurrection Man, vol. 2, no. 6 (April 2012). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Script_(comics)" target="_blank">/wiki/Script_(comics)</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>John Layman (w), Jason Fabok (p), Jason Fabok (i), Jeremy Cox (col), Dezi Sienty (let), Mike Marts, Katie Kubert, and Harvey Richards (ed). "Seeds & Dirt" Detective Comics, vol. 2, no. 14 (January 2013). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Script_(comics)" target="_blank">/wiki/Script_(comics)</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>John Layman (w), Jason Fabok (p), Jason Fabok (i), Jeremy Cox (col), Jared K. Fletcher (let), Mike Marts and Katie Kubert (ed). "Requiem" Detective Comics, vol. 2, no. 18 (May 2013). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Script_(comics)" target="_blank">/wiki/Script_(comics)</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Peter J. Tomasi (w), Scot Eaton (p), Jaime Mendoza, Norm Rapmund, and Mick Gray (i), Andrew Dalhouse (col), Taylor Esposito (let), Rachel Gluckstern (ed). "Death March" Forever Evil: Arkham War, vol. 1, no. 1 (December 2013). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Tomasi" target="_blank">/wiki/Peter_J._Tomasi</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Peter J. Tomasi (w), Scot Eaton (p), Jaime Mendoza, and Roy Allan Martinez (i), Andrew Dalhouse, Wil Quintana, and Jason Wright (col), Taylor Esposito (let), Darren Shan, Rachel Gluckstern, and Mike Marts (ed). "Evolution" Forever Evil: Arkham War, vol. 1, no. 5 (April 2014). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Tomasi" target="_blank">/wiki/Peter_J._Tomasi</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>"Batman's son lives again in Andy Kubert's 'Damian' comic". USAToday. October 28, 2013. Archived from the original on September 19, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2018. <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2013/10/28/damian-son-of-batman-comic-book-series/3289527/" target="_blank">https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2013/10/28/damian-son-of-batman-comic-book-series/3289527/</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>"The Dark Son Rises: Damian 'Returns' in Kubert's Son of Batman". Newsarama. Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2018. <a href="https://www.newsarama.com/18717-the-dark-son-rises-damian-returns-in-kubert-s-son-of-batman.html" target="_blank">https://www.newsarama.com/18717-the-dark-son-rises-damian-returns-in-kubert-s-son-of-batman.html</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Andy Kubert (w), Andy Kubert (p), Andy Kubert (i), Brad Anderson (col), Nick J. Napolitano (let), Katie Kubert and Mike Marts (ed). "Hierarchy" Damian: Son of Batman, vol. 1, no. 2 (November 2013). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Andy_Kubert" target="_blank">/wiki/Andy_Kubert</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Andy Kubert (w), Andy Kubert (p), Andy Kubert (i), Brad Anderson (col), Nick J. Napolitano (let), Katie Kubert and Mike Marts (ed). "If Animals Could Talk" Damian: Son of Batman, vol. 1, no. 3 (December 2013). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Andy_Kubert" target="_blank">/wiki/Andy_Kubert</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Snyder, Scott, James Tynion IV, Ray Fawkes, John Layman, Tim Seeley (w), Fabok, Jason (a), Anderson, Brad (col), Napolitano, Nick J. (let). Batman Eternal, vol. 1, no. 1 (April 2014). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Scott_Snyder" target="_blank">/wiki/Scott_Snyder</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Tynion IV, James, Scott Snyder, Ray Fawkes, John Layman, Tim Seeley (w), Fabok, Jason (a), Anderson, Brad (col), Sienty, Dezi (let). "Ten Forty-Eight" Batman Eternal, vol. 1, no. 21 (August 2014). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Scott_Snyder" target="_blank">/wiki/Scott_Snyder</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>Seeley, Tim, Scott Snyder, James Tynion IV, John Layman, Ray Fawkes (w), Simeoni, Emanuel (a), Blond (col), Leigh, Rob (let). "Vrrrmmm" Batman Eternal, vol. 1, no. 7 (May 2014). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Tim_Seeley" target="_blank">/wiki/Tim_Seeley</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>Layman, John, Scott Snyder, James Tynion IV, Ray Fawkes, Tim Seeley (w), Burchielli, Riccardo (a), McCaig, Dave (col), Esposito, Taylor (let). "When Animals Attack" Batman Eternal, vol. 1, no. 10 (June 2014). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/John_Layman" target="_blank">/wiki/John_Layman</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>Fawkes, Ray, Scott Snyder, James Tynion IV, John Layman, Tim Seeley (w), Nguyen, Dustin (p), Fridolfs, Derek (i), Kalisz, John (col), Esposito, Taylor, Dezi Sienty (let). "The Monster Machine" Batman Eternal, vol. 1, no. 16 (July 2014). DC Comics. <a href="/wiki/Scott_Snyder" target="_blank">/wiki/Scott_Snyder</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>"Thomas Wayne Makes the Ultimate Sacrifice in CONVERGENCE #3!". DC Comics. 24 April 2015. Archived from the original on May 1, 2017. Retrieved November 30, 2019. <a href="https://www.dccomics.com/blog/2015/04/24/thomas-wayne-makes-the-ultimate-sacrifice-in-convergence-3" target="_blank">https://www.dccomics.com/blog/2015/04/24/thomas-wayne-makes-the-ultimate-sacrifice-in-convergence-3</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>Caitlin Kittredge (w), Scott Hampton (a), Scott Hampton (col), Scott Hampton (let). "Echidna" Sensation Comics, featuring Wonder Woman, vol. 2, no. 16 (November 2015). 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