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ATG4D
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<h2 id="function">Function</h2> <p>Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged <a href="/facts/Organelles/vhDFnGbs">organelles</a> are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell <a href="/facts/Human_homeostasis/rloTGAHa">homeostasis</a> and cell remodeling during differentiation, <a href="/facts/Metamorphosis/nKDTSjsK">metamorphosis</a>, non-<a href="/facts/Apoptosis/8dVzSm4y">apoptotic</a> cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant <a href="/facts/Neoplasm/K0ytzmPz">tumors</a>, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to <a href="/facts/Cancer/PVW6n1D0">cancer</a> has been proposed. </p><p>This gene belongs to the autophagy-related protein 4 (Atg4) family of C54 <a href="/facts/Endopeptidases/LeEhY5xV">endopeptidases</a>. Members of this family encode proteins that play a role in the biogenesis of autophagosomes, which sequester the <a href="/facts/Cytosol/VyXgygWm">cytosol</a> and organelles for degradation by <a href="/facts/Lysosome/0mcrzJU9">lysosomes</a>. Alternative <a href="/facts/RNA_splicing/a2QEvCRI">splicing</a> results in multiple <a href="/facts/Transcription_(biology)/bDgp9HDN">transcript</a> variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]. </p> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Betin VM, MacVicar TD, Parsons SF, Anstee DJ, Lane JD (April 2012). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3405841">"A cryptic mitochondrial targeting motif in Atg4D links caspase cleavage with mitochondrial import and oxidative stress"</a>. <i>Autophagy</i>. 8 (4): 664–76. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4161%2Fauto.19227">10.4161/auto.19227</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3405841">3405841</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22441018">22441018</a>.</li> <li>Betin VM, Lane JD (July 2009). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704886">"Caspase cleavage of Atg4D stimulates GABARAP-L1 processing and triggers mitochondrial targeting and apoptosis"</a>. <i>Journal of Cell Science</i>. 122 (Pt 14): 2554–66. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjcs.046250">10.1242/jcs.046250</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704886">2704886</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19549685">19549685</a>.</li> <li>Mariño G, Uría JA, Puente XS, Quesada V, Bordallo J, López-Otín C (February 2003). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M208247200">"Human autophagins, a family of cysteine proteinases potentially implicated in cell degradation by autophagy"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. 278 (6): 3671–8. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M208247200">10.1074/jbc.M208247200</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12446702">12446702</a>.</li></ul> <p><i>This article incorporates text from the <a href="/facts/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine/Hzty0MCX">United States National Library of Medicine</a>, which is in the <a href="/facts/Public_domain/YWKMDKw4">public domain</a>.</i> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Entrez Gene: Autophagy related 4D, cysteine peptidase". <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/84971" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/84971</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>