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Peace makers
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<h2 id="peacemaking">Peacemaking</h2> <p>The objective is to move a violent conflict into non-violent dialogue, where differences are settled through conflict transformation processes or through the work of representative political institutions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p><p>Peacemaking can occur at different levels, sometimes referred to as <i>tracks</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> "High level" (governmental and international) peacemaking, involving direct talks between the leaders of conflicting parties, is sometimes thus referred to as <i>Track 1</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> Tracks <i>2</i> and <i>3</i> are said to involve dialogue at lower levels—often unofficially between groups, parties, and stakeholders to a violent conflict—as well as efforts to avoid violence by addressing its causes and deleterious results.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> Peacemakers may be active in all three tracks, or in what is sometimes called <a href="/facts/Multi-track_diplomacy/MW3v2usr">multi-track diplomacy</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="selected-peacemaking-organizations">Selected peacemaking organizations</h2> <p>Selected list of prominent inter-governmental and non-governmental peacemaking organizations: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Centre_for_Conflict_Resolution/WkDxFVvr">Centre for Conflict Resolution</a> (South Africa)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Centre_for_Humanitarian_Dialogue/o5RgjVpf">Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue</a> (Switzerland)</li> <li>Center for <a href="/facts/Nonviolent_Communication/cHem3nkF">Nonviolent Communication</a> (international)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Christian_Peacemaker_Teams/DLwMQhEo">Christian Peacemaker Teams</a> (roots in North America)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Community_of_Sant%2527Egidio/yUR6Tke4">Community of Sant'Egidio</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Crisis_Management_Initiative/Adzvd0vH">Crisis Management Initiative</a> (Finland)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development/LoCJd9qt">Intergovernmental Authority on Development</a> (Djibouti)</li> <li><a href="/facts/International_Alert/9e8XVNS1">International Alert</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Initiatives_of_Change/8S63kJBS">Initiatives of Change</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Organization_of_African_Unity/roqLjS2d">Organization of African Unity</a> (Ethiopia)</li> <li>Responding to Conflict (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/facts/American_Friends_Service_Committee/c04l7KR0">American Friends Service Committee</a>, an arm of the <a href="/facts/Quakers/CQFqeKAJ">Quakers</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness/qd6IBu7b">Quaker Peace & Social Witness</a> (QPSW) the corresponding Quaker department in Britain<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li> <li>John Woolman College of Active Peace</li> <li>Reverend <a href="/facts/Sun_Myung_Moon/LbS0gta2">Sun Myung Moon</a> of Universal Peace Federation</li> <li>Student Peacemakers</li> <li>Search for Common Ground (United States)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Swisspeace/0TkNwg2t">swisspeace</a> (Switzerland)</li> <li>The <a href="/facts/United_Nations/fgXLnmgT">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Borderless_World_Foundation/VIVBXN9q">Borderless World Foundation</a></li></ul> <h2 id="famous-peacemakers">Famous peacemakers</h2> <p>Throughout history there have been many leaders, negotiators, and diplomats who have acted as peacemakers in various conflicts. One such diplomat who negotiated numerous peace settlements across the <a href="/facts/Middle_East/8CD6pLWv">Middle East</a> during the early 1970s between <a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY">Israel</a> and its neighbours was <a href="/facts/Henry_Kissinger/Rm47wrAY">Henry Kissinger</a>. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Citizen_diplomacy/0eIUmhsB">Citizen diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Diplomacy/s5dRkAhk">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Diplomat/HP56MrVL">Diplomat</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_peace_activists/a8sLVAB5">List of peace activists</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Peaceworker/C3HV9JdV">Peaceworker</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Public_diplomacy/kPJGNCqq">Public diplomacy</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://peacemaker.un.org/">United Nations Peacemakers</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Lundgren, Magnus (2016). "Conflict management capabilities of peace-brokering international organizations, 1945–2010: A new dataset". Conflict Management and Peace Science. 33 (2): 198–223. doi:10.1177/0738894215572757. S2CID 156002204. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Lundgren, Magnus (2016). "Conflict management capabilities of peace-brokering international organizations, 1945–2010: A new dataset". Conflict Management and Peace Science. 33 (2): 198–223. doi:10.1177/0738894215572757. S2CID 156002204. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Lundgren, Magnus (2016). "Conflict management capabilities of peace-brokering international organizations, 1945–2010: A new dataset". Conflict Management and Peace Science. 33 (2): 198–223. doi:10.1177/0738894215572757. S2CID 156002204. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Center for Nonviolent Communication <a href="https://www.cnvc.org" target="_blank">https://www.cnvc.org</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Center for Nonviolent Communication <a href="https://www.cnvc.org" target="_blank">https://www.cnvc.org</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>American Friends Service Committee <a href="http://www.afsc.org" target="_blank">http://www.afsc.org</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Center for Nonviolent Communication <a href="https://www.cnvc.org" target="_blank">https://www.cnvc.org</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>American Friends Service Committee <a href="http://www.afsc.org" target="_blank">http://www.afsc.org</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>QPSW on the Quakers in the World website <a href="http://www.quakersintheworld.org/quakers-in-action/275" target="_blank">http://www.quakersintheworld.org/quakers-in-action/275</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>