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Et cetera
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<h2 id="spelling-and-usage">Spelling and usage</h2> <p>The one-word spelling <i>etcetera</i> appears in some dictionaries.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> The abbreviated form <i>&c.</i> or <i>&c</i> is still occasionally used—the <a href="/facts/Ampersand/emmXUXuB">ampersand</a> ⟨&⟩, derives from a <a href="/facts/Typographic_ligature/urMIGfmN">ligature</a> of <i>et</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>The phrase <i>et cetera</i> is often used to denote the logical continuation of some sort of series of descriptions. For example, in the following expression: </p><p> We will need a lot of bread: wheat, granary, wholemeal, etc. on our menu. </p><p>In this case of a use at the end of a list without conjunction, a comma is typically written in front of the phrase (but see <a href="/facts/Serial_comma/mddPb45e">Serial comma</a>). If etc. is used at the end of a sentence, the dot is not doubled. If it occurs at the end of exclamations, questions or a clause, the dot is not suppressed but followed by whatever punctuation marks are required to end or continue the sentence. </p> <p>In <a href="/facts/Blackletter/9r62McCb">blackletter</a> (Gothic or Fraktur) typography, the <a href="/facts/R_rotunda/KRFHjE5W">r rotunda</a> ⟨ꝛ⟩ is sometimes used for <i>et</i> in place of the similar-looking <a href="/facts/Tironian_notes/hcq4y9yL">Tironian et</a> ⟨⁊⟩, followed by <i>c</i>, to yield <i>ꝛc</i>. </p> <h2 id="similar-latin-expressions">Similar Latin expressions</h2> <ul><li>In lists of people, <i>et alia</i> (abbreviated as <i>et al.</i>, meaning "and others") is used in place of <i>etc.</i></li> <li>In lists of places, <i>et alibi</i> may be used, which is also abbreviated <i>et al.</i>; <i>et alibi</i> means "and elsewhere".</li> <li>In references to literature or texts in general, <i>et sequentes (versus)</i> or <i>et sequentia</i> 'and the words etc. following' (abbreviated <i>et seq.</i>, plural <i>et seqq.</i>) are used to indicate that only the first portion of a known reference is given explicitly, with broad reference to the following passages which logically follow in sequence to the explicit reference. Hence "Title VII, Section 4, Subsection A, Paragraph 1, <i>et seq.</i>" might refer to many subsections or paragraphs which follow Paragraph 1. <a href="/facts/Legal_brief/xQDJMmB4">Legal briefs</a> and legislative documents make heavy use of <i>et seq.</i> Notice that there is a functional difference between <i>et seq.</i> and <i>etc.</i> Et seq. and its variations refer specifically to known text; etc. may do so too, but is more likely to leave the reader to supply the unspecified items for themself. It would not be helpful to say: "Various paragraphs of import similar to those in Title VII, Sections 4, 7, and 2 <i>et seq.</i>" though it might make sense to use <i>etc.</i> in such a context.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="in-popular-culture">In popular culture</h2> <p>In the 1956 film <i><a href="/facts/The_King_and_I_(1956_film)/Do3CMHge">The King and I</a></i>, <a href="/facts/Yul_Brynner/9I1UEFeI">Yul Brynner</a> repeatedly used the expression "<i>...et cetera, et cetera, et cetera...</i>" in his portrayal of <a href="/facts/King_Rama_IV/DXyPKM1R">King Mongkut of Siam</a>, to characterize the king as wanting to impress everyone with his breadth of great knowledge and the importance of one with no need to expound.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> This reflected the usage in the novel, <i><a href="/facts/Anna_and_the_King_of_Siam_(book)/7zF1u2tE">Anna and the King of Siam</a></i>, which expressed that king's playful understanding of innumerable things with the phrase, "&c., &c."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="other-uses">Other uses</h2> <p><i>Et cetera</i> and derivatives such as <i>etceteras</i>, have long been used airily, humorously or dismissively, often as a <a href="/facts/Cadigan/zf6Whtye">cadigan</a>. For example: </p> <ul><li>... he still wanted numberless appendages to make him a fine gentleman, such as a fashionable tailor and hairdresser, an unblushing confidence, together with a long train of etceteras. These fashionable introductories being wanting, Mr Whitmore was obliged to find a substitute...<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> (1823)</li> <li>The cost of the locomotives and their etceteras, is to be $136000 – their wear and tear $75600. Etceteras $90000...<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> (1834)</li> <li>The etceteras: asteroids, comets and interplanetary dust are chemically speaking, "impurities" and are just a minuscule fraction of planetary matter.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> (1989)</li> <li>Having tried "to recover myth outside the books," the hidalgo crosses paths with common sense, everyday toils, and the religious dictates of the Counter-Reformation on a journey that tries to rescue chivalric etceteras of old.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> (2008)</li></ul> <p><a href="/facts/%2fetc/qWU9Tlnh">/etc</a> is a <a href="/facts/Directory_(computing)/VLtLcEXY">directory</a> in <a href="/facts/UNIX-like/YAKrAxzd">UNIX-like</a> operating systems, responsible mainly for storing system-wide configuration files, preferences, etc.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Ellipsis/JgLA051B">Ellipses</a> (...) may be used for a similar function</li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_Latin_phrases/AEtMoFf9">List of Latin phrases</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Guardian Style Guide". TheGuardian.com. 30 April 2021. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-e" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-e</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"UK Government Style Guide". <a href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/style-guide/a-to-z-of-gov-uk-style" target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/guidance/style-guide/a-to-z-of-gov-uk-style</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Brown, Lesley (1993). The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles. Oxford [Eng.]: Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-861271-0. <a href="0-19-861271-0" target="_blank">0-19-861271-0</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Chisholm, Hugh (1911). "Editorial Introduction" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). pp. x–xxiii. <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" target="_blank">/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Sir Ernest Gowers, Fowler's Modern English Usage, Second Edition. Published: Book Club Associates (1965) <a href="/wiki/Book_Club_Associates" target="_blank">/wiki/Book_Club_Associates</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Overstreet, Maryann (1999), Whales, candlelight, and stuff like that, p. 130, ISBN 978-0-19-512574-0 <a href="978-0-19-512574-0" target="_blank">978-0-19-512574-0</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Overstreet, Maryann (1999), Whales, candlelight, and stuff like that, p. 130, ISBN 978-0-19-512574-0 <a href="978-0-19-512574-0" target="_blank">978-0-19-512574-0</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Helme, Elizabeth. "The farmer of Inglewood Forest: or, An affecting portrait of virtue and vice" Printed and Published by J. Cleave and Son, 1823 <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>The Farmer's register, Volume 1. Snowden & M'Corkle, 1834. (Google Books) <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Degens, Egon T. "Perspectives on Biogeochemistry", Springer-Verlag 1989. ISBN 978-0387501918 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Maiorino, Giancarlo. "First pages: a poetics of titles", Penn State Press, 2008 <a href="/wiki/Penn_State_Press" target="_blank">/wiki/Penn_State_Press</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"/etc". www.tldp.org. Retrieved 2017-07-06. <a href="http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/etc.html" target="_blank">http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/etc.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Filesystem Hierarchy Standard". www.pathname.com. Retrieved 2017-07-06. <a href="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html#ETCHOSTSPECIFICSYSTEMCONFIGURATION" target="_blank">http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html#ETCHOSTSPECIFICSYSTEMCONFIGURATION</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>