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Neritimorpha
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<h2 id="etymology">Etymology</h2> <p>The clade’s name, Neritimorpha, is from the Ancient Greek νηρίτης (nērī́tēs 'Nerite') and μορφή (morphḗ 'form').<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="description">Description</h2> <p>Despite their relatively low diversity, with only around 2,000 species, neritomorphs have achieved a remarkable diversity of forms, resembling a smaller-scale version of the diversity achieved by Gastropoda as a whole.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> Terrestrial lifestyles have evolved at least three separate occasions in neritimorphs: the <a href="/facts/Extinct/24p5NP2q">extinct</a> <a href="/facts/Dawsonellidae/bz8IkEth">Dawsonellidae</a> and the <a href="/facts/Extant_taxon/YK8uj7qU">extant</a> <a href="/facts/Helicinidae/4gHo8K2X">Helicinidae</a> and <a href="/facts/Hydrocenidae/CCtg5uuy">Hydrocenidae</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> Neritimorphs also include the shellless, <a href="/facts/Slug/WYCTF9py">slug</a>-like <i><a href="/facts/Titiscania/1ckkSYtQ">Titiscania</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p>In all modern neritomorphs except neritopsids, the inner walls of the <a href="/facts/Protoconch/QgFUYQtf">protoconch</a> are resorbed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>Unlike most other gastropods, neritomorphs typically have calcified <a href="/facts/Operculum_(gastropod)/dAluNWBS">opercula</a>. There is no operculum in the shellless <i>Titiscania</i>, and the <a href="/facts/Phenacolepadidae/lydISDHa">Phenacolepadidae</a> have a vestigial, non-calcified operculum that shows no postlarval growth.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="evolutionary-history">Evolutionary history</h2> <p>Neritimorpha has an extremely rich geologic history, going back to early <a href="/facts/Ordovician/BjMrLIEA">Ordovician</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> This clade has been considered to be a leftover of early gastropod diversification. </p><p>Neritimorpha is the sister taxon of the <a href="/facts/Apogastropoda/jR9Nza3H">Apogastropoda</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> The clade uniting neritimorphs and apogastropods has been called either Adenogonogastropoda<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> or Angiogastropoda.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p><p>All modern members of Neritimorpha are classified in the order <a href="/facts/Cycloneritimorpha/4yoMEguT">Cycloneritimorpha</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Neritopsoidea/rXQ9XVMk">Neritopsoidea</a> was the first of the four modern neritomorph superfamilies to diverge from the others.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="1997-taxonomy">1997 taxonomy</h2> <p>According to the <a href="/facts/Taxonomy_of_the_Gastropoda_(Ponder_%2526_Lindberg%2c_1997)/tu6QYe7C">taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997)</a> Neritopsina is a <a href="/facts/Gastropod/rYPqm3PT">gastropod</a> <a href="/facts/Superorder/GKLJvIpt">superorder</a> in the <a href="/facts/Class_(biology)/a7MrgFu3">subclass</a> <a href="/facts/Orthogastropoda/tRoNCVNm">Orthogastropoda</a>. The superfamily <a href="/facts/Palaeotrochoidea/JC4ACVad">Palaeotrochoidea</a> is contained within Neritopsina but its order placement is undetermined. </p> <h2 id="2005-taxonomy">2005 taxonomy</h2> <p>The <a href="/facts/Taxonomy_of_the_Gastropoda_(Bouchet_%2526_Rocroi%2c_2005)/vyGVUfF9">taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> categorizes Neritimorpha as a <a href="/facts/Gastropod/rYPqm3PT">gastropod</a> <a href="/facts/Mollusk/1elgknsQ">mollusk</a> <a href="/facts/Clade/XefyYmWn">clade</a>. It is one of the 6 highest clades in Gastropoda. It contains the clades <a href="/facts/Cyrtoneritimorpha/QNBIKEHd">Cyrtoneritimorpha</a>, <a href="/facts/Cycloneritimorpha/4yoMEguT">Cycloneritimorpha</a>, as well as <a href="/facts/Paleozoic/5qe2wz7U">Paleozoic</a> Neritimorpha of uncertain position. </p><p>Clades (and uncertain position taxa) in Neritimorpha include: </p> <ul><li>† <a href="/facts/Paleozoic/5qe2wz7U">Paleozoic</a> Neritimorpha of uncertain position</li> <li>† clade <a href="/facts/Cyrtoneritimorpha/QNBIKEHd">Cyrtoneritimorpha</a></li> <li>clade <a href="/facts/Cycloneritimorpha/4yoMEguT">Cycloneritimorpha</a></li></ul> <p>Four extant superfamilies are recognised: <a href="/facts/Helicinoidea/mzfQmjq5">Helicinoidea</a>, <a href="/facts/Hydrocenoidea/CCtg5uuy">Hydrocenoidea</a>, <a href="/facts/Neritoidea/2ndtjPum">Neritoidea</a> and <a href="/facts/Neritopsoidea/rXQ9XVMk">Neritopsoidea</a>. </p> <h2 id="in-human-society">In human society</h2> <p>Nerite snails are popular in the aquarium trade.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Uribe, Juan E.; Colgan, Don; Castro, Lyda R.; Kano, Yasunori; Zardoya, Rafael (2016-11-01). "Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Neritimorpha (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 104: 21–31. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.021. hdl:10261/156227. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 27456746. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790316301774" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790316301774</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Bailly, Dictionnaire Grec Francais. 1935. <a href="http://archive.org/details/BaillyDictionnaireGrecFrancais" target="_blank">http://archive.org/details/BaillyDictionnaireGrecFrancais</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Uribe, Juan E.; Colgan, Don; Castro, Lyda R.; Kano, Yasunori; Zardoya, Rafael (2016-07-22). "Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Neritimorpha (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 104: 21–31. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.021. hdl:10261/156227. ISSN 1055-7903. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Kano, Yasunori; Chiba, Satoshi; Kase, Tomoki (2002-12-07). "Major adaptive radiation in neritopsine gastropods estimated from 28S rRNA sequences and fossil records". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 269 (1508): 2457–2465. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2178. eISSN 1471-2954. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 1691182. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691182" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691182</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Uribe, Juan E.; Colgan, Don; Castro, Lyda R.; Kano, Yasunori; Zardoya, Rafael (2016-07-22). "Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Neritimorpha (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 104: 21–31. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.021. hdl:10261/156227. ISSN 1055-7903. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Bandel, Klaus; Frýa, Jiři (1999-09-30). "Notes on the evolution and higher classification of the subclass Neritimorpha (Gastropoda) with the description of some new taxa" (PDF). Geologica et Palaeontologica. 33: 219–235. <a href="http://www.paleoliste.de/bandel/bandel_1999d.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.paleoliste.de/bandel/bandel_1999d.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Kano, Yasunori (September 2006). "Usefulness of the opercular nucleus for inferring early development in neritimorph gastropods". Journal of Morphology. 267 (9): 1120–1136. doi:10.1002/jmor.10458. eISSN 1097-4687. ISSN 0362-2525. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Bandel, Klaus; Frýa, Jiři (1999-09-30). "Notes on the evolution and higher classification of the subclass Neritimorpha (Gastropoda) with the description of some new taxa" (PDF). Geologica et Palaeontologica. 33: 219–235. <a href="http://www.paleoliste.de/bandel/bandel_1999d.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.paleoliste.de/bandel/bandel_1999d.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Cunha, Tauana Junqueira; Giribet, Gonzalo (2019-03-13). "A congruent topology for deep gastropod relationships". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1898): 20182776. doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.2776. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 6458328. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6458328" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6458328</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Uribe, Juan E; González, Vanessa L; Irisarri, Iker; Kano, Yasunori; Herbert, David G; Strong, Ellen E; Harasewych, M G (2022-10-12). "A phylogenomic backbone for gastropod molluscs". Systematic Biology. 71 (6): 1271–1280. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syac045. eISSN 1076-836X. hdl:10261/279410. ISSN 1063-5157. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Simone, Luiz Ricardo L. (2011). "Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology". Arquivos de Zoologia. 32 (4): 161–323. ISSN 0066-7870. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Cunha, Tauana Junqueira; Giribet, Gonzalo (2019-03-13). "A congruent topology for deep gastropod relationships". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1898): 20182776. doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.2776. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 6458328. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6458328" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6458328</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Bandel, Klaus; Frýa, Jiři (1999-09-30). "Notes on the evolution and higher classification of the subclass Neritimorpha (Gastropoda) with the description of some new taxa" (PDF). Geologica et Palaeontologica. 33: 219–235. <a href="http://www.paleoliste.de/bandel/bandel_1999d.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.paleoliste.de/bandel/bandel_1999d.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Kano, Yasunori; Chiba, Satoshi; Kase, Tomoki (2002-12-07). "Major adaptive radiation in neritopsine gastropods estimated from 28S rRNA sequences and fossil records". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 269 (1508): 2457–2465. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2178. eISSN 1471-2954. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 1691182. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691182" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691182</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997. 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Nerite Snails: Algae Eating, Care, Lifespan, Eggs - Video". Aquarium Care Basics. Retrieved 2022-07-14. <a href="https://www.aquariumcarebasics.com/freshwater-snails/nerite-snails/" target="_blank">https://www.aquariumcarebasics.com/freshwater-snails/nerite-snails/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>