Area codes 416, 647, 437, and 942

<h2 id="history">History</h2>

Toronto's original manual telephone exchanges were recognized by an exchange name and a block of four-digit line numbers. The "GRover exchange" at Kingston Road and Main Street in <a href="/facts/East_Toronto/Kuh3JWbB">East Toronto</a> became the first Canadian dial exchange in 1924. Montréal got its first dial telephones one year later.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2">2</a> The numbers were dialled as two letters and four digits (2L+4N). Grover 1234 was dialled GR-1234 (or 47-1234). Conversion to seven-digit (2L+5N) format began in 1951, and continued until the introduction of <a href="/facts/Direct_distance_dial/KLvdu7gE">direct distance dialling</a> (DDD) in 1958.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a>
Area code 416 was one of the 86 <a href="/facts/Original_North_American_area_codes/EWUcPcBz">original North American area codes</a>, assigned by the <a href="/facts/American_Telephone_and_Telegraph_Company/BfsX7eX2">American Telephone and Telegraph Company</a> (AT&T) for <a href="/facts/Operator_Toll_Dialing/8n5qXUrk">Operator Toll Dialing</a> in 1947.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> It comprised most of the populous <a href="/facts/Golden_Horseshoe/JwRRqQnt">Golden Horseshoe</a> region in southern Ontario, from <a href="/facts/Colborne%2c_Ontario/G3fShuVb">Colborne</a> to <a href="/facts/Niagara_Falls%2c_Ontario/nshHvwKW">Niagara Falls</a> to <a href="/facts/Kitchener%2c_Ontario/fVm8rhy1">Kitchener</a>-<a href="/facts/Waterloo%2c_Ontario/pWzUEmIH">Waterloo</a>. It was almost completely surrounded by Ontario's other area code, <a href="/facts/Area_code_613/QKTU7aBC">613</a>. Ontario and <a href="/facts/Quebec/4hhNvb4t">Quebec</a> were the only provinces to be assigned multiple area codes at the inception of the continent-wide <a href="/facts/Telephone_numbering_plan/jaryReDv">telephone numbering plan</a>.
Area code 416 has been split twice. The first came in 1953, when the western portion of 416 (including Kitchener) was combined with the southern portion of area code 613 to form <a href="/facts/Area_code_519/fjSfweD1">area code 519</a>. This left 416 largely co-extensive with the area that is generally reckoned as the core of the <a href="/facts/Golden_Horseshoe/JwRRqQnt">Golden Horseshoe</a>. Despite rapid growth in the <a href="/facts/Greater_Toronto_Area/qUDjjhEN">Greater Toronto Area</a> (GTA), this configuration remained for 40 years.
By the late 1980s, however, 416 was close to exhaustion because of the GTA's continued growth and Canada's inefficient number allocation system. Canada does not use <a href="/facts/Number_pooling/p423S3Cf">number pooling</a> as a relief measure. All <a href="/facts/Competitive_local_exchange_carrier/tzF93Bcj">competing carriers</a> are assigned 10,000-number blocks, which correspond roughly to a single prefix, in each <a href="/facts/Rate_centre/FkjDUgY3">rate centre</a> in which it plans to offer service, regardless of its actual subscriber count. Most rate centres do not need nearly that many numbers to serve their customers, but a number cannot be allocated elsewhere once it has been assigned to a carrier and rate centre, resulting in thousands of wasted numbers. The problem was less severe in the Golden Horseshoe than in other areas of Canada since then, as now, numbers tended to be used up fairly quickly because of the area's dramatic growth.
The rapid growth in telecommunication services in the Greater Toronto Area, with the proliferation of cell phones, fax machines, and pagers, demanded more central offices, with another area code for the Golden Horseshoe becoming necessary. This resulted in a second split of 416 when, on October 2, 1993, the numbering plan area was reduced to its current size, consisting only of the municipalities constituting <a href="/facts/Metropolitan_Toronto/PVbbjvch">Metropolitan Toronto</a> (<a href="/facts/East_York/B4KlDmPM">East York</a>, <a href="/facts/Etobicoke/nWdK6kEY">Etobicoke</a>, <a href="/facts/North_York/wYsCq0FW">North York</a>, <a href="/facts/Old_Toronto/uKEzrMXc">Toronto</a>, <a href="/facts/Scarborough%2c_Ontario/wB15vkKs">Scarborough</a>, and <a href="/facts/York%2c_Toronto/pNqez84p">York</a>). The rest of the former 416 numbering plan area, consisting of the Golden Horseshoe outside Metropolitan Toronto (the <a href="/facts/Niagara_Peninsula/GFSSvqga">Niagara Peninsula</a>, the regional municipalities of <a href="/facts/Regional_Municipality_of_Durham/VMTk0Myq">Durham</a>, <a href="/facts/Regional_Municipality_of_Halton/f45pd5k7">Halton</a>, <a href="/facts/Regional_Municipality_of_Hamilton%25E2%2580%2593Wentworth/Ho93bRSd">Hamilton–Wentworth</a>, <a href="/facts/Regional_Municipality_of_Peel/4ytD3aso">Peel</a>, and <a href="/facts/Regional_Municipality_of_York/0g5rlfjE">York</a>, and parts of <a href="/facts/Northumberland_County%2c_Ontario/jTHfwDdU">Northumberland County</a>) were assigned <a href="/facts/Area_code_905/uRNpqjBv">area code 905</a>. A <a href="/facts/Permissive_dialing/sWWm3S2A">permissive dialing</a>, during which dialing of either 416 or 905 was acceptable in a dialed number terminating in the new NPA, was effective until March 26, 1994.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a>
With the <a href="/facts/Amalgamation_of_Toronto/3De6G8HL">amalgamation of Metropolitan Toronto</a> into the "megacity" of Toronto in 1998, 416 became the only Canadian area code to serve just one rate centre and just one city. Many of Canada's larger cities, especially "megacities" that have been created from mergers of previously separate cities, are split between multiple rate centres that have never been amalgamated. Toronto is an exception and has been a single rate centre, which is by far Canada's largest, since 1977, with the merger of the historical Agincourt, Don Mills, Islington, New Toronto, Scarborough, West Hill, Weston, and Willowdale exchanges into the Toronto exchange.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a>
The 1993 split had been intended as a long-term solution for Canada's largest toll-free calling zone. Within five years, however, 416 was once again approaching exhaustion. Toronto's size and status as a single rate centre have caused numbers to tend to be used up fairly quickly. Therefore, the number allocation problem was not nearly as serious as in other Canadian cities that are split between multiple rate centres. Splitting Toronto between two area codes, a solution adopted in the United States for cities like <a href="/facts/New_York_City/YlyvFmVC">New York City</a>, <a href="/facts/Chicago/yPMokrXH">Chicago</a> and <a href="/facts/Los_Angeles/pyXpYEX9">Los Angeles</a>, was ruled out because of the area's high population density and the lack of a suitable boundary along which to split. Another option was the conversion to an <a href="/facts/Overlay_plan/faRNxFIj">overlay plan</a> for 416. Overlays were a new concept that was controversial because of the requirement for <a href="/facts/Ten-digit_dialing/22AY5qgI">ten-digit dialling</a>. Bell and other telephone companies pressed for an overlay since they wanted to spare customers the expense and burden of having to change telephone numbers, which would have required a massive reprogramming of cellular telephones. Also, it would have been extremely difficult to split Toronto since it is a single rate centre. Ultimately, the decision was in favor of an overlay.
On March 5, 2001, 416 was overlaid with area code 647, creating Canada's first overlay. The implementation of 647 made ten-digit dialling mandatory in Toronto. Within a decade, both 416 and 647 were close to exhaustion once again. A new overlay area code, 437, started operation on March 25, 2013.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> That effectively allocates 24 million numbers to a city of 2.5 million people.
Since the implementation of area code 647, overlays have become the preferred solution for exhaustion relief in Canada, as it does not require renumbering existing subscriber accounts. As of April 28, 2023, only three Canadian area codes (<a href="/facts/Area_code_709/6DnxL9lF">709</a>, <a href="/facts/Area_code_807/aQjASvnR">807</a>, and <a href="/facts/Area_code_867/ySjd8FIw">867</a>) are still single-code areas, without overlay, still allowing <a href="/facts/Seven-digit_dialing/w4RUKy6J">seven-digit dialing</a> for local calls.
A 2020 exhaust analysis by the NANPA projected exhaustion in 2025 for central office prefixes in the service area.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>
In relief planning since 2023,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> area code 942 was activated for service in the numbering plan area on April 26, 2025, to provide new numbering resources.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a>
Area code 387 has been reserved for future use in Toronto.

<h2 id="local-calling-area">Local calling area</h2>
Toronto is the centre of the largest local calling area in Canada, and one of the largest toll-free calling zones in North America. As of 2013, the following points in <a href="/facts/Area_codes_905%2c_289%2c_and_365/uRNpqjBv">area code 905</a> were a local call to 416 in Toronto: <a href="/facts/Ajax%2c_Ontario/v2jfpWNC">Ajax</a>-<a href="/facts/Pickering%2c_Ontario/9oqNKba7">Pickering</a>, <a href="/facts/Aurora%2c_Ontario/fwza9BYV">Aurora</a>, <a href="/facts/Beeton%2c_Ontario/VMhLHIzm">Beeton</a>, <a href="/facts/Bethesda%2c_York_Regional_Municipality%2c_Ontario/hfzJnPCu">Bethesda</a>, <a href="/facts/Bolton%2c_Ontario/6oxXaSMk">Bolton</a>, <a href="/facts/Brampton%2c_Ontario/WVuEVm7t">Brampton</a>, <a href="/facts/Caledon_East%2c_Ontario/UTetu9Pz">Caledon East</a>, <a href="/facts/Campbellville%2c_Ontario/CgVh7smY">Campbellville</a>, <a href="/facts/Castlemore%2c_Ontario/7HjktTgQ">Castlemore</a>, <a href="/facts/Claremont%2c_Ontario/Fh8aurFH">Claremont</a>, <a href="/facts/Georgetown%2c_Ontario/A51TvY73">Georgetown</a>, <a href="/facts/Gormley%2c_Ontario/gLvKebLY">Gormley</a>, <a href="/facts/King_City%2c_Ontario/3QEwQ4pQ">King City</a>, <a href="/facts/Markham%2c_Ontario/SorRusGm">Markham</a>, <a href="/facts/Milton%2c_Ontario/hr8zmky7">Milton</a>, <a href="/facts/Mississauga/xhu6RGJp">Mississauga</a> (<a href="/facts/Rate_centre/FkjDUgY3">rate centres</a> <a href="/facts/Clarkson%2c_Mississauga/14GfXlwd">Clarkson</a>, <a href="/facts/Cooksville%2c_Ontario/dk0FfzQb">Cooksville</a>, <a href="/facts/Malton%2c_Ontario/Vu4tkXh7">Malton</a>, <a href="/facts/Nobleton%2c_Ontario/YrYGC80M">Nobleton</a>, <a href="/facts/Port_Credit%2c_Ontario/f7lpeUmy">Port Credit</a> and <a href="/facts/Streetsville%2c_Ontario/e0CNv2hp">Streetsville</a>) <a href="/facts/Oak_Ridges%2c_Ontario/AWcFmv4I">Oak Ridges</a>, <a href="/facts/Oakville%2c_Ontario/0dhmYUKP">Oakville</a>, <a href="/facts/Palgrave%2c_Ontario/JmXsu3qm">Palgrave</a>, <a href="/facts/Richmond_Hill%2c_Ontario/3Q7TEHjS">Richmond Hill</a>, <a href="/facts/Schomberg%2c_Ontario/FH3TNHla">Schomberg</a>, <a href="/facts/Snelgrove%2c_Ontario/2B5LNsvA">Snelgrove</a>, <a href="/facts/Pickering%2c_Ontario/9oqNKba7">South Pickering</a>, <a href="/facts/Stouffville%2c_Ontario/nTq4cVFV">Stouffville</a>, <a href="/facts/Thornhill%2c_Ontario/6eNrbnyh">Thornhill</a>, <a href="/facts/Tottenham%2c_Ontario/DAP12q3g">Tottenham</a>, <a href="/facts/Unionville%2c_Ontario/yz2alUrf">Unionville</a>, <a href="/facts/Uxbridge%2c_Ontario/PHKnrHLc">Uxbridge</a>, <a href="/facts/Vaughan/Vl4tlvvg">Vaughan</a> (rate centres <a href="/facts/Kleinburg%2c_Ontario/zPBMIdc0">Kleinburg</a>, <a href="/facts/Maple%2c_Ontario/JNImdXL9">Maple</a> and <a href="/facts/Woodbridge%2c_Ontario/KQru0taU">Woodbridge</a>) and <a href="/facts/Victoria%2c_Ontario/UTetu9Pz">Victoria</a>. <a href="/facts/Caledon%2c_Ontario/UTetu9Pz">Caledon</a> in <a href="/facts/Area_codes_519_and_226/fjSfweD1">area code 519</a> is also a local call to Toronto.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> Many of these suburban areas are long-distance to each other, particularly, but not exclusively, those which are across Toronto from each other (i.e., north versus east versus west of Toronto).

<h2 id="in-popular-culture">In popular culture</h2>
In the <a href="/facts/Greater_Toronto_Area/qUDjjhEN">Greater Toronto Area</a>, the terms the 416 is also used to describe the area within Toronto proper, and Toronto residents are called 416ers. The suburbs are referred to as the 905 or the 905 belt, and suburbanites are called 905ers (in this use the term does not include the more distant parts of area code 905, such as Niagara Falls).
The 647 area code does not carry the same strong geographic associations as it disproportionately contains nomadic services (such as <a href="/facts/Mobile_telephone/H3EcqD9h">mobile telephones</a> and <a href="/facts/Voice_over_IP/5QGBbXYg">voice over IP</a>); an <a href="/facts/ILEC/Rjprpgt7">incumbent</a> Bell land line is hard-wired to a specific location in area 416, postal code M. Some have paid a premium for a true 416 number as the code gives the appearance of a local, long-established business instead of a new entrant.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a>
On March 17, 1966, <a href="/facts/The_Munsters/vAMCGy84">The Munsters</a> episode "A Visit from Johann" depicted a person-to-person call to a Happy Valley Lodge in the 416 area code.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> A hamlet of <a href="/facts/Happy_Valley%2c_King%2c_Ontario/KPQ9CrR9">Happy Valley</a> exists in <a href="/facts/King%2c_Ontario/FxbR2dQ1">King Township</a>, in 416 at the time, but now in <a href="/facts/Area_code_905%2f289/uRNpqjBv">905</a> (as part of York Region).
In 1994, food delivery chain <a href="/facts/Pizza_Pizza/m42P232p">Pizza Pizza</a> obtained a Canadian <a href="/facts/Registered_trademark/lLGeMyUG">registered trademark</a> on its 416 telephone number, 967–1111, which had featured in distinctive radio advertising jingles since the 1970s.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a>
Toronto rapper <a href="/facts/Maestro_Fresh_Wes/PzSDtmQ3">Maestro Fresh Wes</a> rendered homage to the area code in his 1998 song "416/905 (TO Party Anthem)". Rapper <a href="/facts/Drake_(rapper)/yJ5SndUt">Drake</a> has a tattoo of the number on his rib to symbolize Toronto as his birthplace.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> Drake has also released his fourth studio album, titled <a href="/facts/Views_(album)/Ao8A6Aa5">Views</a>, referring to the 416 and 647 area codes. His album picture is of him sitting on top of the CN Tower in Toronto.

<h2 id="central-office-codes">Central office codes</h2>

All <a href="/facts/Central_office_code/0QQ8v3ph">central office codes</a> reside within the rate centre of <a href="/facts/Toronto/cnXH7881">Toronto</a>. In some cases, 416 prefixes are available to <a href="/facts/Wire_centre/PaRpGm8I">wire centres</a> outside Toronto city limits which serve Toronto subscribers (such as <a href="/facts/CLLI_code/f45IL7Yb">MALTON22</a> in Mississauga, which serves an airport hotel strip in Toronto).

<h3>Exchange names</h3>
Toronto's original manual telephone exchanges used exchange names, each serving a block of four-digit telephone numbers. The GRover exchange at Kingston Road and Main Street in <a href="/facts/East_Toronto/Kuh3JWbB">East Toronto</a> was the first Canadian dial exchange in 1924. Montréal in Quebec got its first dial telephones one year later.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> The numbers were dialled with two letters and four digits (2L-4N). For example, GRover 1234 was dialled GR1234 (or 471234). Conversion to seven-digit (2L-5N) format began in 1951, and continued up to the introduction of <a href="/facts/Direct_distance_dial/KLvdu7gE">direct distance dialling</a> (DDD) in 1958.
Toronto numbers that were converted from 2L-4N format, or from manual service, include:

<ul><li>416–363, 364, 366, 368 (EMpire 3,4,6,8) were ADelaide, ELgin, PLaza and WAverly in the Adelaide St (<a href="/facts/Queen_Street_West/hHWcodGq">Queen West</a>) area west of downtown. These were the first to be lengthened to 2L-5N in 1951–1953.</li>
<li>416-861 (UNiversity 1) was TRinity exchange in the Adelaide St (Queen West) area west of downtown (lengthened to 2L-5N in 1955).</li>
<li>416–921, 922, 923, 924 (WAlnut 1,2,3,4) were RAndolph, KIngsdale, MIdway and PRincess (lengthened to 2L-5N in 1954) in <a href="/facts/The_Annex/prnrPXWV">the Annex</a>.</li>
<li>416–691, 694, 699 (OXford 1,4,9) were HOward, GRover, OXford (lengthened to 2L-5N in 1955) in <a href="/facts/East_Toronto/Kuh3JWbB">East Toronto</a>. These numbers usually relate to the <a href="/facts/The_Beaches%2c_Toronto/KNn5PbJ5">Beaches</a> and <a href="/facts/Upper_Beaches/HKbrLdfl">Upper Beaches</a> neighbourhoods or to <a href="/facts/Crescent_Town/F2oXnK23">Crescent Town</a> in <a href="/facts/East_York/B4KlDmPM">East York</a>.</li>
<li>416–461, 463, 465, 466 (HOward 1,3,5,6) were RIverdale, GErrard, GLadstone, HArgrave <a href="/facts/Riverdale%2c_Toronto/NPcUGtxY">east of downtown</a> (lengthened to 2L-5N in 1957).</li>
<li>416–483, 485, 488, 489 (HUdson 3,5,8,9) were MOhawk, MAyfair (lengthened to 2L-5N in 1958) and HUdson, HYland (lengthened to 2L-5N in 1953); these served the <a href="/facts/Yonge_and_Eglinton/0VP3Pdd2">Eglinton</a> area, then the northernmost point on the <a href="/facts/Toronto_Transit_Commission/CkJPqqE7">TTC</a> subway (1954).</li>
<li>416–782, 783 (RUssell 2,3) were ORchard, REdfern (lengthened to 2L-5N in 1958) in the <a href="/facts/Willowdale%2c_Toronto/yMUem1P0">Willowdale</a>/<a href="/facts/Weston%2c_Toronto/x8oaKwab">Weston</a> areas in the north of the city.</li>
<li>416–762, 766, 767, 769 (ROger 2,6,7,9) were MUrray, ROdney, LYndhurst, JUnction (lengthened to 2L-5N in 1955) in the <a href="/facts/Runnymede%2c_Toronto/eKnNlKpI">Runnymede</a>/<a href="/facts/Toronto_Junction/m3snaGun">Toronto Junction</a> area in the west end.</li>
<li>416–531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536 (LEnnox 1,2,3,4,5,6) were MElrose, LAkeside, KEnwood, OLiver, LLoydbrook, LOmbard in the <a href="/facts/Dufferin_Street/tgNQEL9V">Dufferin Street</a> area west of downtown (lengthened to 2L-5N in 1956).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a></li></ul>
Additional named exchanges were created (as 2L-5N) in the late 1950s to accommodate expansion into then-growing suburbs such as <a href="/facts/Don_Mills/kLbPuSq7">Don Mills</a> (GArden), <a href="/facts/Agincourt%2c_Toronto/8Lyaakt5">Agincourt</a> (AXminster/CYpress), <a href="/facts/Islington%2c_Toronto/Kvtyqyg4">Islington</a> (BElmont/CEdar), <a href="/facts/New_Toronto/KdAGz3gY">New Toronto</a> (CLifford), <a href="/facts/Scarborough%2c_Toronto/wB15vkKs">Scarborough</a> (AMherst, PLymouth), <a href="/facts/West_Hill%2c_Toronto/dlgg0zvG">West Hill</a> (ATlantic), Weston (CHerry, MElrose) and Willowdale (BAldwin/ACademy).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a> Exchange names were phased out in 1961–1966 in favour of plain seven-digit numbers.

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_Ontario_area_codes/JdJo0XxC">List of Ontario area codes</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_North_American_Numbering_Plan_area_codes/g3qUWoa5">List of North American Numbering Plan area codes</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li>NANP Administrator (October 19, 1989). <a href="https://www.nationalnanpa.com/pdf/old_pl/IL%2089-10-048.pdf">"Planning Letter(s): IL-89/010-048"</a> (PDF). www.nationalnanpa.com. NANP Administrator. Retrieved January 11, 2023. NANP - Interchangeable Central Office Codes in the Toronto, Ontario, Canada 416 NPA</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.cnac.ca/area_code_maps/canadian_area_codes.htm">Area code map of Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cnac.ca/data/COCodeStatus_NPA416.htm">CNA exchange list for area code 416</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cnac.ca/data/COCodeStatus_NPA647.htm">CNA exchange list for area code 647</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cnac.ca/data/COCodeStatus_NPA437.htm">CNA exchange list for area code 437</a></li></ul>
<a href="/facts/Ontario/HUkxk5Rf">Ontario</a> area codes: <a href="/facts/Area_code_416/ycmMLmK2">416/437/647/942</a>, <a href="/facts/Area_codes_519%2c_226%2c_548%2c_and_382/fjSfweD1">519/226/548/382</a>, <a href="/facts/Area_codes_613%2c_343%2c_and_753/QKTU7aBC">613/343/753</a>, <a href="/facts/Area_codes_705%2c_249%2c_and_683/lgXYDR53">705/249/683</a>, <a href="/facts/Area_code_807/aQjASvnR">807</a>, <a href="/facts/Area_codes_905%2c_289%2c_365%2c_and_742/uRNpqjBv">905/289/365/742</a><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td>North: <a href="/facts/Area_codes_905%2c_289%2c_365%2c_and_742/uRNpqjBv">905/289/365/742</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>West: <a href="/facts/Area_codes_905%2c_289%2c_365%2c_and_742/uRNpqjBv">905/289/365/742</a></td><td>416/437/647/942 </td><td>East: <a href="/facts/Area_codes_905%2c_289%2c_365%2c_and_742/uRNpqjBv">905/289/365/742</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>South: Lake Ontario <a href="/facts/Area_codes_905%2c_289%2c_365%2c_and_742/uRNpqjBv">905/289/365/742</a></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Area_codes_416,_647,_437,_and_942¶ms=43.687_N_79.393_W_">43°41′13″N 79°23′35″W / 43.687°N 79.393°W / 43.687; -79.393</a>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"Toronto area code stereotypes: a guide to the city's shifting phone-based social hierarchy". Toronto Life. February 14, 2013. Archived from the original on May 24, 2016. <a href="https://torontolife.com/city/toronto-area-code-stereotypes-guide/" target="_blank">https://torontolife.com/city/toronto-area-code-stereotypes-guide/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"BELL-8511-1 - A Bell representative demonstrates dial service to Toronto firemen, ON, 1924". Montréal: McCord Stewart Museum archive. Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2021. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205122922/http://collections.musee-mccord.qc.ca/en/collection/artifacts/BELL-8511-1" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20201205122922/http://collections.musee-mccord.qc.ca/en/collection/artifacts/BELL-8511-1</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">LeBlanc, Dave (November 17, 2006). "Phone exchange names once defined neighbourhoods". The Globe and Mail. p. G6. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">W.H. Nunn, Nationwide Numbering Plan, Bell System Technical Journal 31(5), 851 (1952) <a href="https://archive.org/stream/bstj31-5-851/bstj31-5-851_djvu.txt" target="_blank">https://archive.org/stream/bstj31-5-851/bstj31-5-851_djvu.txt</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"Information Letter 92/09-046: Split of 416 (Ontario, Canada) Numbering Plan Area" (PDF). NANPA. October 1, 1992. Retrieved April 9, 2025. <a href="https://www.nanpa.com/sites/default/files/planning_letters/IL-92-09-046.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.nanpa.com/sites/default/files/planning_letters/IL-92-09-046.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"Toronto telephone exchange geography". Archived from the original on July 13, 2006. <a href="http://jbb.poslfit.com/Pages/416.html" target="_blank">http://jbb.poslfit.com/Pages/416.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Lu, Vanessa (July 22, 2011). "Toronto's two new area codes approved". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2021. <a href="https://www.thestar.com/business/article/1028932--toronto-s-two-new-area-codes-approved" target="_blank">https://www.thestar.com/business/article/1028932--toronto-s-two-new-area-codes-approved</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">News Staff (February 13, 2013). "2 new area codes coming to GTA next month". CBC News. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2021. <a href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/2-new-area-codes-coming-to-gta-next-month-1.1375523" target="_blank">https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/2-new-area-codes-coming-to-gta-next-month-1.1375523</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">2020 April NANPA Exhaust Projections <a href="https://www.nationalnanpa.com/reports/2020-1_NPA_Exhaust_Projections_Final.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.nationalnanpa.com/reports/2020-1_NPA_Exhaust_Projections_Final.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">"CNA - NPA Complex 416/437/647 Relief Planning". Canadian Numbering Administration Consortium. Archived from the original on May 10, 2023. Retrieved May 10, 2023. Relief Date: 26 April 2025 Relief NPA: 942 <a href="https://cnac.ca/npa_codes/relief/416-437-647/relief_416-437-647.htm" target="_blank">https://cnac.ca/npa_codes/relief/416-437-647/relief_416-437-647.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">"Toronto to get new area code this weekend as region expected to run out of phone numbers". The Globe and Mail. The Canadian Press. <a href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/toronto/article-toronto-to-get-new-area-code-this-weekend-as-region-expected-to-run/" target="_blank">https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/toronto/article-toronto-to-get-new-area-code-this-weekend-as-region-expected-to-run/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">"Planning Letter 613: NPA 942 to Overlay NPA 416/437/647 (Toronto, Ontario)" (PDF). NANPA. May 11, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2025. <a href="https://www.nanpa.com/sites/default/files/planning_letters/PL-613.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.nanpa.com/sites/default/files/planning_letters/PL-613.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">"Local calling guide: Rate centre information". <a href="http://www.localcallingguide.com/lca_exch.php?dir=&exch=158270" target="_blank">http://www.localcallingguide.com/lca_exch.php?dir=&exch=158270</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Armstrong, Laura (July 23, 2014). "Toronto's 416 area codes selling for hundreds, even thousands". Toronto Star. Retrieved July 24, 2014. <a href="https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/07/23/torontos_416_area_codes_selling_for_hundreds_even_thousands.html" target="_blank">https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/07/23/torontos_416_area_codes_selling_for_hundreds_even_thousands.html</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Marsden, Carey (July 24, 2014). "416: People spending a lot of money to get original Toronto area code". CIII-TV ("Global News"). Archived from the original on May 19, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519162449/https://globalnews.ca/news/1472742/416-people-spending-a-lot-of-money-to-get-original-toronto-area-code/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20210519162449/https://globalnews.ca/news/1472742/416-people-spending-a-lot-of-money-to-get-original-toronto-area-code/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">"The Munsters - A Visit From Johann". Archived from the original on October 17, 2014. Retrieved March 28, 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141017060711/http://livedash.ark.com/transcript/the_munsters-(a_visit_from_johann)/4182/HALLP/Sunday_October_31_2010/493757/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20141017060711/http://livedash.ark.com/transcript/the_munsters-(a_visit_from_johann)/4182/HALLP/Sunday_October_31_2010/493757/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">"967-1111™ as Canadian trademark Registration number TMA428709". Canadian Trademarks Database - Gov't Canada. <a href="https://ised-isde.canada.ca/cipo/trademark-search/0458946" target="_blank">https://ised-isde.canada.ca/cipo/trademark-search/0458946</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Davis, Maleana (August 2, 2012). "Drake Gets New Ink Dedicated To His Hometown & Aaliyah!". Retrieved July 24, 2014. <a href="http://globalgrind.com/style/drake-new-tattoo-416-hometown-toronto-photos-details" target="_blank">http://globalgrind.com/style/drake-new-tattoo-416-hometown-toronto-photos-details</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">"BELL-8511-1 - A Bell representative demonstrates dial service to Toronto firemen, ON, 1924". Montréal: McCord Stewart Museum archive. Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2021. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205122922/http://collections.musee-mccord.qc.ca/en/collection/artifacts/BELL-8511-1" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20201205122922/http://collections.musee-mccord.qc.ca/en/collection/artifacts/BELL-8511-1</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">"Toronto telephone exchange geography". Archived from the original on July 13, 2006. <a href="http://jbb.poslfit.com/Pages/416.html" target="_blank">http://jbb.poslfit.com/Pages/416.html</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Blackett, Matthew (February 6, 2008). "Toronto's history in phone numbers". Spacing Toronto. Archived from the original on April 8, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2021. <a href="http://spacing.ca/toronto/2008/02/06/torontos-history-in-phone-numbers/" target="_blank">http://spacing.ca/toronto/2008/02/06/torontos-history-in-phone-numbers/</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Area codes 416, 647, 437, and 942 open-in-new

Area codes 416, 647, 437, and 942