European ordering rules

<h2 id="method">Method</h2>
<p>Just as for <a href="/facts/ISO/IEC_14651/vrfMDEzb">ISO/IEC 14651</a>, upon which EOR is based, EOR has 4 levels of weights.
</p>
<h3>Level 1</h3>
<p>The first level sorts the letters. The following <a href="/facts/Latin_script/7EWeJjUV">Latin</a> letters are concerned by this level, in order:
</p>
a b c d ð e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z þ
<p>The <a href="/facts/Greek_alphabet/1cHwB8Dg">Greek alphabet</a> has the following order:
</p>
α β γ δ ε <a href="/facts/%CF%9C/6dRK1gDG">ϝ</a> ϛ ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π <a href="/facts/%CF%9E/WVQqktX2">ϟ</a> ρ σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω <a href="/facts/%CF%A0/9DFP42GB">ϡ</a>
<p><a href="/facts/Cyrillic_script/0btN3oWC">Cyrillic script</a> has the following order:
</p>
а б в г ґ д ђ ѓ е ё є ж з з́ ѕ и і ї й ј к л љ м н њ о п р с с́ т ћ ќ у ў ф х ц ч џ ш щ ъ ы ь ѣ э ю я
<p>The order for the three alphabets is:
</p>
<ol><li>Latin alphabet</li>
<li>Greek alphabet</li>
<li>Cyrillic alphabet</li></ol>
<p>The <a href="/facts/Georgian_alphabet/43Afaqmj">Georgian</a> and <a href="/facts/Armenian_alphabet/eah4kBXh">Armenian alphabets</a> had not been included in ENV 13710:2000. However, they were covered in CR 14400:2001 "European ordering rules – Ordering for Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Georgian and Armenian scripts". They have both been incorporated in and replaced by EN 13710:2011.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a>
</p><p>All scripts encoded in ISO/IEC 10646 (Unicode) are covered by <a href="/facts/ISO/IEC_14651/vrfMDEzb">ISO/IEC 14651</a> (and its datafile CTT) as well as <a href="/facts/Unicode_collation_algorithm/4VydIteq">Unicode collation algorithm</a> (UCA and the associated DUCET), both of which are available at no charge.
</p>
<h3>Level 2</h3>
<p>The second level is where different additions, such as <a href="/facts/Diacritic/Rw6lMzQW">diacritics</a> and variations, to the letters are ordered. Letters with diacritical marks (like ⟨à⟩, ⟨î⟩, ⟨õ⟩, and ⟨ü⟩) are ordered as variants of the base letter. ⟨æ⟩, ⟨œ⟩, ⟨ĳ⟩ and ⟨ŋ⟩ are ordered as modifications of ⟨ae⟩, ⟨oe⟩, ⟨ij⟩ and ⟨n⟩ respectively, similarly for similar cases.
</p><p>Level 2 defines the following order of diacritics and other modifications:
</p>
<ol><li><a href="/facts/Acute_accent/XDHwqnvk">Acute accent</a> (á)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Grave_accent/pVo48UeD">Grave accent</a> (à)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Breve/W3ww5jjb">Breve</a> (ă)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Circumflex/kg8xlo6W">Circumflex</a> (â)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Caron/NSslRDsj">Caron</a> (š)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ring_(diacritic)/Skj8qyNy">Ring</a> (å)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Diaeresis_(diacritic)/FsYeoSzC">Diaeresis</a> (ä)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Double_acute_accent/R7JRU3L5">Double acute accent</a> (ő)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Tilde/wQTx6ytR">Tilde</a> (ã)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Dot_(diacritic)/Kcms1c5B">Dot</a> (ż)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Cedilla/W3Ux5jWa">Cedilla</a> (ç)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ogonek/VjMJBB2S">Ogonek</a> (ą)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Macron_(diacritic)/41AF4mKp">Macron</a> (ā)</li>
<li>With stroke through (ø)</li>
<li>Modified letter(s) (æ)</li></ol>
<h3>Level 3</h3>
<p>The third level makes the distinction between Capital and small letters, as in "Polish" and "polish".
</p>
<h3>Level 4</h3>
<p>The fourth level concerns <a href="/facts/Punctuation/YsE7u4W6">punctuation</a> and <a href="/facts/Whitespace_character/Q5xRIaSz">whitespace characters</a>. This level makes the distinction between "MacDonald" and "Mac Donald", "its" and "it's".
</p>
<h3>Level 5</h3>
<p>An optional, and usually omitted, fifth level can distinguish typographical differences, including whether the text is <i>italic</i>, normal or bold.
</p>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Collation/cdLx5Cum">Collation</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Common_Locale_Data_Repository/sk5wnKHw">Common Locale Data Repository</a> (CLDR)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Unicode/DDu3MfPV">Unicode</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Universal_Character_Set/7Tn6LPLw">Universal Character Set</a>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/DIN_91379/FNhXRDR7">DIN 91379</a> – a European Unicode subset (also includes Greek and <a href="/facts/Cyrillic_script/0btN3oWC">Cyrillic</a> for <a href="/facts/Bulgarian_language/susG15pr">Bulgarian</a>), uses <a href="/facts/UTF-8/xlaVHSyf">UTF-8</a> at interfaces, normalization form C (<a href="/facts/Unicode_equivalence/yXUtR6GW">NFC</a>) – a German 2022 standard; will be mandatory for German authorities and organizations in the exchange of data from 1 November 2024</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/facts/UTF-8/xlaVHSyf">UTF-8</a></li></ul>

Notes

<ul><li>Hansson, Roger; Lindgren, Carl Göran; Ljung, Heléne; Lundén, Thomas. <i>Språk och skrift i Europa</i>. SNS Förlag. (2004) <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 91-7150-936-4</li>
<li>Küster, Marc Wilhelm: <i>Geordnetes Weltbild. Die Tradition des alphabetischen Sortierens von der Keilschrift bis zur EDV. Eine Kulturgeschichte.</i> Niemeyer (2006) <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 3-484-10899-1. Written by the editor of ENV 13710, it discusses in chapter 17.4 the genesis and the contents of the EOR. Cf. also <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070717044335/http://www.budabe.de/grammatologie">[1]</a>, in particular also <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718204711/http://www.budabe.de/grammatologie/geordnetes_weltbild_toc.pdf">[2]</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.open-std.org/cen/tc304/EOR/eorhome.html">European Ordering Rules</a>, ENV 13710 – a "European Pre-Standard"</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>"ENV 13710 – a "European Pre-Standard": European ordering rules". Retrieved 2020-11-25. <a href="http://www.open-std.org/cen/tc304/EOR/eorhome.html" target="_blank">http://www.open-std.org/cen/tc304/EOR/eorhome.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>CEN/CENELEC: EN 13710:2011-09 European Ordering Rules - Ordering of characters from Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Georgian and Armenian scripts <a href="https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:32015,6285&cs=11055CFAA447E3526543221522CAD9499" target="_blank">https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:32015,6285&cs=11055CFAA447E3526543221522CAD9499</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

European ordering rules open-in-new

European ordering rules