Trzebinia

<h2 id="history">History</h2>

<p>History of Trzebinia dates back to the late <a href="/facts/Middle_Ages/RqzEKB9v">Middle Ages</a>. In 1325, the settlement already had a church, which was mentioned in 1470 by <a href="/facts/Jan_D%C5%82ugosz/1tavlJTq">Jan Długosz</a>. Until the early 15th century, Trzebinia was a royal village, then it passed into the hands of local <a href="/facts/Szlachta/u5dCoYbX">noble</a> families. At that time, zinc and lead deposits were discovered here. Trzebinia, however, still remained a village, or rather a mining settlement, which from 1569 until 1802 belonged to the Schilhra Trzebiński family, <a href="/facts/Abdank_coat_of_arms/7NNrLEJS">Abdank coat of arms</a>. Administratively Trzebinia was located in the <a href="/facts/Krak%C3%B3w_Voivodeship_(14th_century_%E2%80%93_1795)/N4Rr7WUF">Kraków Voivodeship</a> in the <a href="/facts/Lesser_Poland_Province_of_the_Polish_Crown/CS330CrF">Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown</a>. In 1772, in the <a href="/facts/First_Partition_of_Poland/WcyTbsrk">First Partition of Poland</a>, it was annexed by the <a href="/facts/Habsburg_monarchy/ctwsV3TC">Austria</a> and made part of <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria/VjREM5X7">Galicia</a>. It was regained by Poles in the <a href="/facts/Austro-Polish_War/4Kl9ydQe">Austro-Polish War</a> of 1809 and included within the short-lived Polish <a href="/facts/Duchy_of_Warsaw/bL4FweAd">Duchy of Warsaw</a>. After the duchy's dissolution, the town was part of the <a href="/facts/Free_City_of_Krak%C3%B3w/JvpXzRzA">Free City of Kraków</a> from 1815 to 1846, and then it was reannexed by the <a href="/facts/Austrian_Empire/AnAU9bdG">Austrian Empire</a>. In the 19th century the area of Trzebinia went through the period of <a href="/facts/Industrialization/h3QXzS6C">industrialization</a>. In 1804-1843, five coal mines, two zinc mills and a glass factory were opened here. On September 6, 1817, the village received its town charter, and in the second half of the 19th century, further coal mines were opened here, as well as a <a href="/facts/Calamine_(mineral)/oWBb63vK">calamine</a> mine. In the early 20th century, Trzebinia had oil refinery, power plant, and cement mill. In 1903, the <a href="/facts/Salvatorian/RTW3N8Ck">Salvatorians</a> settled here, who in 1908 began construction of a church.
</p>
<h3>World War II</h3>
<p>On September 1, 1939, the first day of the German <a href="/facts/Invasion_of_Poland/8kconR1e">invasion of Poland</a> and <a href="/facts/World_War_II/2efV5L1U">World War II</a>, Trzebinia was bombed by the <a href="/facts/Luftwaffe/k7PAsBlo">Luftwaffe</a>. On September 5, 1939, invading <a href="/facts/Wehrmacht/cVGQH8JW">Wehrmacht</a> soldiers mass murdered 97 people in the town.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> The town was then <a href="/facts/Occupation_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)/qIIryAJw">occupied by Germany</a>, and on October 9, 1939, it was directly annexed into <a href="/facts/Nazi_Germany/8kRbqRpo">Nazi Germany</a>; the border with the <a href="/facts/General_Government/GePzLlpq">General Government</a> was a few kilometers east, near <a href="/facts/Dulowa/GGjpXnKa">Dulowa</a>.
</p>

<p>During the war, two <a href="/facts/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II/1VH1oSGE">forced labor</a> subcamps of the <a href="/facts/Stalag_VIII-B/suNxlYxD">Stalag VIII-B/344</a> <a href="/facts/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_II/fffRUj8g">prisoner-of-war camp</a> were located within the present-day town limits of Trzebinia: the E738 subcamp in Trzebinia and the E565 subcamp in Siersza Wodna (then a separate village, now incorporated into Trzebinia).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> In the E565 subcamp, <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">British</a> and other <a href="/facts/Commonwealth_of_Nations/TcIRQnNq">Commonwealth</a> <a href="/facts/Prisoners_of_war/X22JC3Fj">prisoners of war</a> were imprisoned and forced to work in a coal mine, and their living accommodation was in wooden huts by the river.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> More Stalag VIII-B/344 POWs were transferred in January 1944 from <a href="/facts/Otmuch%C3%B3w/KE4nDKnT">Otmuchów</a> in <a href="/facts/Lower_Silesia/dygLhmnc">Lower Silesia</a> to the E738 subcamp at the Trzebinia oil refinery. All 45 members of the detachment were from Commonwealth countries. A document at the <a href="/facts/Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum/7uXhy34s">Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum</a> confirming arrival of POW Work Detachment E738 at Trzebinia is dated 25 February 1944. In 1944, the Germans sent <a href="/facts/Kidnapping_of_children_by_Nazi_Germany/JbXQAvWU">kidnapped Polish children</a> from Trzebinia to the <a href="/facts/Potulice_concentration_camp/ShpHlFNy">Potulice concentration camp</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a>
</p><p>In August 1944, the E738 subcamp of Stalag VIII-B/344 was replaced by a subcamp of the <a href="/facts/Auschwitz_concentration_camp/6o3xax0D">Auschwitz concentration camp</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> The Germans sent the British POWs back to Stalag VIII-B/344, and replaced them with hundreds of new prisoners, mostly from German-occupied Poland and <a href="/facts/Hungary/YRedQLtI">Hungary</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> It was one of the largest subcamps of the <a href="/facts/Auschwitz/6o3xax0D">Auschwitz</a> III-<a href="/facts/Monowitz_concentration_camp/yGcNVErY">Monowitz concentration camp</a> and provided <a href="/facts/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II/1VH1oSGE">forced labor</a> for a nearby <a href="/facts/O%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cim/y8qurCbl">oil refinery</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> In August 1944, the refinery at Trzebinia was bombed by the <a href="/facts/United_States_Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">United States Air Force</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> Due to the high death rate among the prisoners, the <a href="/facts/Schutzstaffel/nMNcQEHa">SS</a> established a crematorium in the subcamp.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> In January 1945, as the <a href="/facts/Red_Army/n15nLQTu">Red Army</a> resumed its offensive and advanced from the east, the prisoners were marched to <a href="/facts/Rybnik/WNqvPz38">Rybnik</a> in the so-called <a href="/facts/Death_March/E9cGT1eu">Death March</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> Many of them died from the bitter cold and exhaustion. From Rybnik the Germans deported them to the <a href="/facts/Sachsenhausen_concentration_camp/dJjtcjzL">Sachsenhausen</a> and <a href="/facts/Bergen-Belsen_concentration_camp/zYywNnpj">Bergen-Belsen</a> concentration camps.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> On January 23, 1945, the Germans retreated.
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<h3>Recent history</h3>
<p>Until 1975, the town remained in Kraków Voivodeship. In 1961, the settlement of Wodna was incorporated into Trzebinia, and in 1969, after joining with the settlement of Siersza, the town was named Trzebinia-Siersza. In 1977, the name was changed to Trzebinia. The name Siersza Wodna survives as the  name of a freight railway station.
</p>
<h2 id="economy">Economy</h2>

<p>Trzebina is home to the <a href="/facts/Siersza_Power_Station/2rJ6KNV5">Siersza Power Station</a>, a large oil refinery, <i>Rafineria Trzebinia</i>, which belongs to <a href="/facts/PKN_Orlen/NPkS7jwC">PKN Orlen</a> and cement plant <i>Gorka Cement</i> (a part of <a href="/facts/Mapei/QTl7Dysl">Mapei</a>). In 1957-1958 Mining Company Trzebionka was founded, and in 1962, Siersza II Power Plant began operating.
Liquidated: zinc and lead mine - <i>ZG Trzebionka</i>, coal mine - <i>KWK Siersza</i>, metallurgical plants - <i>ZM Trzebinia</i>.
</p>
<h2 id="sports">Sports</h2>
<p>The town is home to sports club <a href="/facts/MKS_Trzebinia-Siersza/g3CA7fyc">Miejski Klub Sportowy Trzebinia–Siersza</a>, founded in 2000.
</p>
<h2 id="notable-people-from-trzebinia">Notable people from Trzebinia</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Antonina_Hoffmann/ATyPH1BU">Antonina Hoffmann</a>, actress</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Dov_Berish_Weidenfeld/DrnzjhCL">Dov Berish Weidenfeld</a>, rabbi</li></ul>
<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<p> Media related to Trzebinia at Wikimedia Commons
</p>
<ul><li><a href="http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/communities/trzebinia/index.asp?WT.mc_id=wiki">19km From Auschwitz: The Story of Trzebinia</a> an online exhibition by <a href="/facts/Yad_Vashem/g9Hf7vN1">Yad Vashem</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/trzebinia/">Jewish Community in Trzebinia</a> on Virtual Shtetl</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>"Główny Urząd Statystyczny" [Central Statistical Office] (in Polish). Select Miejscowości (SIMC) tab, select  fragment (min. 3 znaki), enter town name in the field below, click WYSZUKAJ (Search) <a href="https://eteryt.stat.gov.pl/eTeryt/rejestr_teryt/udostepnianie_danych/baza_teryt/uzytkownicy_indywidualni/wyszukiwanie/wyszukiwanie.aspx?contrast=default" target="_blank">https://eteryt.stat.gov.pl/eTeryt/rejestr_teryt/udostepnianie_danych/baza_teryt/uzytkownicy_indywidualni/wyszukiwanie/wyszukiwanie.aspx?contrast=default</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Datner, Szymon. 55 Dni Wehrmachtu w Polsce (in Polish). p. 239. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>"Working Parties". Lamsdorf.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2021. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029103834/https://www.lamsdorf.com/working-parties.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20201029103834/https://www.lamsdorf.com/working-parties.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>"Working Parties". Lamsdorf.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2021. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029103834/https://www.lamsdorf.com/working-parties.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20201029103834/https://www.lamsdorf.com/working-parties.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>Paczoska, Alicja (2003). "Dzieci Potulic". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). No. 12–1 (35–36). IPN. p. 63. ISSN 1641-9561. <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_National_Remembrance" target="_blank">/wiki/Institute_of_National_Remembrance</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>"Trzebinia". Memorial and Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau. Retrieved 2 April 2021. <a href="http://auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/trzebinia/" target="_blank">http://auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/trzebinia/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>"Trzebinia". Memorial and Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau. Retrieved 2 April 2021. <a href="http://auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/trzebinia/" target="_blank">http://auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/trzebinia/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:8"><p>"The sub-camp Trzebinia (oil refinery). Des Nebenlagers Trzebinia (Erdöl-Raffinerie)" (Google translate). Chronology: August 1944. Der Auschwitz - Prozess. Retrieved August 27, 2012. <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://saalbau.com/auschwitz-prozess/tatort-auschwitz/lagerkomplex/zeittafel/&ei=NkbpSaOBHcmrtgeDo4ibBg&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=2&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DDas%2BNebenlager%2BBlechhammer%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D10" target="_blank">https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://saalbau.com/auschwitz-prozess/tatort-auschwitz/lagerkomplex/zeittafel/&ei=NkbpSaOBHcmrtgeDo4ibBg&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=2&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DDas%2BNebenlager%2BBlechhammer%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D10</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:9"><p>"Trzebinia". Memorial and Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau. Retrieved 2 April 2021. <a href="http://auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/trzebinia/" target="_blank">http://auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/trzebinia/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:10"><p>"Trzebinia". Memorial and Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau. Retrieved 2 April 2021. <a href="http://auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/trzebinia/" target="_blank">http://auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/trzebinia/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:11"><p>"Trzebinia". Memorial and Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau. Retrieved 2 April 2021. <a href="http://auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/trzebinia/" target="_blank">http://auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/trzebinia/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:12"><p>"Trzebinia". Memorial and Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau. Retrieved 2 April 2021. <a href="http://auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/trzebinia/" target="_blank">http://auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/trzebinia/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Trzebinia open-in-new

Trzebinia