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GPAC Project on Advanced Content
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<h2 id="history-and-standards">History and standards</h2> <p>GPAC was founded in <a href="/facts/New_York_City/YlyvFmVC">New York City</a> in 1999<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> as a company called AviPix. In 2003, it became <a href="/facts/Open-source_software/HzTaB8E9">open-source</a>, with the initial goal of developing from scratch, in ANSI C, clean software compliant with the MPEG-4 Systems architecture standard, as a small and flexible alternative to the MPEG-4 reference software.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>In parallel, as <a href="/facts/MPEG-4/6svV1w2H">MPEG-4</a> was intended to compete with <a href="/facts/Adobe_Flash/3Lrp9JuH">Macromedia Flash</a>, GPAC evolved to support other standards such as <a href="/facts/X3D/4PHPbmHl">X3D</a>, <a href="/facts/W3C/lGWmhF6M">W3C</a> <a href="/facts/Scalable_Vector_Graphics/ARq5C3YV">SVG</a> Tiny 1.2, and <a href="/facts/Open_Mobile_Alliance/5sQQMsvo">OMA</a>/<a href="/facts/3GPP/TBrQYKFF">3GPP</a>/<a href="/facts/Internet_Streaming_Media_Alliance/990A9mpa">ISMA</a> and eventually <a href="/facts/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP/V1sHKrlC">MPEG-DASH</a>. The MPEG-DASH feature can be used to reconstruct <a href="/facts/MPEG-4_Part_14/PM0FNvUU">.mp4</a> files from videos <a href="/facts/Streaming_media/4rPhSq0Y">streamed</a> and <a href="/facts/Web_cache/DqIBcWem">cached</a> in this format (e.g., <a href="/facts/YouTube/db276jst">YouTube</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> Various research projects used or use GPAC.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>In 2019 the GPAC team explained the code has undergone a massive re-architecture<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> called <i>Filters</i> with release 0.9 while release 0.8 is the last release of the legacy architecture with an extended 18-months support. The front-end applications remain unchanged, making the transition seamless. The underlying filters build a dynamic modular <a href="/facts/Dataflow/jea04eH2">dataflow</a> pipeline. </p><p>In 2020 GPAC 1.0 was released. The Website was split into a wiki documentation, a doxygen API documentation, a buildbot and GitHub actions, a testbot with a high coverage.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> The new <i>gpac</i> application has been used as a FFmpeg on steroids<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> offering additional speed, features, ease of use. </p><p>Since 2013, GPAC Licensing has offered business support and closed-source licenses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> In 2022 Netflix announced using GPAC for their worldwide content operations <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> including the Netflix service, studio content, and merchandising material.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="multimedia-content-features">Multimedia content features</h2> <h3>Packaging</h3> <p>GPAC features encoders and multiplexers, publishing and content distribution tools for MP4 files and many tools for scene descriptions (<a href="/facts/BIFS/KRxt7k8R">BIFS</a>/<a href="/facts/VRML/EkNXun7G">VRML</a>/<a href="/facts/X3D/4PHPbmHl">X3D</a> converters, SWF/BIFS, SVG/BIFS, etc.). MP4Box provides all these tools in a single command-line application. Current supported features are:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>MP4/3GP Conversion from <a href="/facts/MP3/yrBpxUSD">MP3</a>, <a href="/facts/Audio_Video_Interleave/2pr8AoRT">AVI</a>, MPEG-2 TS, MPEG-PS, <a href="/facts/Advanced_Audio_Coding/VAG9NpI4">AAC</a>, <a href="/facts/H263/KSxo04Gy">H263</a>, <a href="/facts/H264/soCzKcmJ">H264</a>, <a href="/facts/H265/6gp7DC1a">H265</a>, <a href="/facts/H266/nY7Ew1q8">H266</a>, <a href="/facts/H266/nY7Ew1q8">H266</a>, <a href="/facts/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_audio_codec/lE2gNqNr">AMR</a>, and many others,</li> <li>3GPP DIMS Packaging from <a href="/facts/Scalable_Vector_Graphics/ARq5C3YV">SVG tiny 1.2</a> files,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li>File layout: fragmentation or interleaving, and cleaning,</li> <li>File hinting for <a href="/facts/Real-time_Transport_Protocol/YKQK1RK2">RTP</a>/<a href="/facts/RTSP/he6ChB16">RTSP</a> and QTSS/DSS servers (MPEG-4/ISMA/3GP/ 3GP2 files),</li> <li>File splitting by size or time, extraction from file and file concatenation,</li> <li>XML information dumping for MP4 and <a href="/facts/Real-time_Transport_Protocol/YKQK1RK2">RTP</a> hint tracks,</li> <li>Media Track extractions,</li> <li>ISMA E&A encryption and decryption,</li> <li>3GPP timed text tools (SUB/SRT/TTXT/TeXML), VobSub import/export,</li> <li><a href="/facts/BIFS/KRxt7k8R">BIFS</a> codec and scene conversion between MP4, BT and XMT-A,</li> <li><a href="/facts/LASeR/4zELWUvB">LASeR</a> codec and scene conversion between MP4, SAF, SVG and XSR (XML LASeR),</li> <li>XML scene statistics for <a href="/facts/BIFS/KRxt7k8R">BIFS</a> scene (BT, XMT-A and MP4),</li> <li>Conversion to and from BT, XMT-A, WRL, X3D and X3DV with support for gzip.</li> <li>A syntax that ensures that simple operations, i.e. concatenating 3 files into one new one, are not simple.</li></ul> <h3>Playing</h3> <p>GPAC supports many protocols and standards, among which:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/BIFS/KRxt7k8R">BIFS</a> scenes (2D, 3D and mixed 2D/3D scenes),</li> <li><a href="/facts/VRML/EkNXun7G">VRML</a> 2.0 (VRML97) scenes (without GEO or NURBS extensions),</li> <li><a href="/facts/X3D/4PHPbmHl">X3D</a> scenes (not complete) in X3D (<a href="/facts/XML/clNgUfWk">XML</a>) and X3DV (VRML) formats,</li> <li><a href="/facts/Scalable_Vector_Graphics/ARq5C3YV">SVG</a> Tiny 1.2 scenes (including packaged in 3GP DIMS files),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/LASeR/4zELWUvB">LASeR</a> and <a href="/facts/MPEG-4_Part_20/4zELWUvB">SAF</a> (partial) support,</li> <li>Progressive loading/rendering of <a href="/facts/Scalable_Vector_Graphics/ARq5C3YV">SVG</a>, <a href="/facts/X3D/4PHPbmHl">X3D</a> and XMT files,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/HTTP/TWtvf7JD">HTTP</a> reading of all scene descriptions,</li> <li>GZIP supported for all textual formats of MPEG4/X3D/VRML/SVG,</li> <li>MP4 and 3GPP file reading (local & http),</li> <li>MP3 and <a href="/facts/Advanced_Audio_Coding/VAG9NpI4">AAC</a> files (local & http) and HTTP streaming (<a href="/facts/ShoutCast/d6HfEjeB">ShoutCast</a>/<a href="/facts/Icecast/GRpKc9Iz">ICEcast</a> radios),</li> <li>Most common media codecs for image, audio and video,</li> <li>Most common media containers,</li> <li>3GPP Timed Text / MPEG-4 Streaming Text,</li> <li>MPEG-2 TS demultiplexer (local/<a href="/facts/User_Datagram_Protocol/dxLU0D6q">UDP</a>/<a href="/facts/Real-time_Transport_Protocol/YKQK1RK2">RTP</a>) with DVB support (Linux only),</li> <li>Streaming support through <a href="/facts/Real-time_Transport_Protocol/YKQK1RK2">RTP</a>/RTCP (unicast and multicast) and RTSP/SDP,</li> <li>Plugins for Mozilla (<i>osmozilla</i>, Win32 and Linux) and Internet Explorer (<i>GPAX</i>, Win32 and PPC 2003).</li></ul> <h3>Streaming</h3> <p>As of version 0.4.5, GPAC has some experimental server-side and streaming tools:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>MP4/3GP file <a href="/facts/Real-time_Transport_Protocol/YKQK1RK2">RTP</a> streamer (unicast and multicast),</li> <li><a href="/facts/Real-time_Transport_Protocol/YKQK1RK2">RTP</a> streamer with service timeslicing (DVB-H) simulation,</li> <li>MPEG-2 TS broadcaster using MP4/3GP files or <a href="/facts/Real-time_Transport_Protocol/YKQK1RK2">RTP</a> streams as inputs,</li> <li><a href="/facts/BIFS/KRxt7k8R">BIFS</a> <a href="/facts/Real-time_Transport_Protocol/YKQK1RK2">RTP</a> broadcaster tool performing live encoding and RandomAccessPoints generation.</li></ul> <h2 id="contributors">Contributors</h2> <p>The project is hosted at <a href="/facts/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9com_Paris/IzGj8jzV">Télécom_Paris</a>, a leading French engineering school. Current main contributors of GPAC are:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Jean Le Feuvre<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></li> <li>Romain Bouqueau<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></li> <li>Aurélien David</li></ul> <p>Other (current or past) contributors are:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Cyril Concolato<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></li> <li>Jérôme Gorin</li> <li>Pierre Souchay</li> <li>Jean-Claude Moissinac<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></li> <li>Jean-Claude Dufourd</li> <li>Benoit Pellan</li> <li>Philippe de Cuetos.</li></ul> <p>Additionally, GPAC is used at Télécom Paris for <a href="/facts/Pedagogy/t1LIfLeC">pedagogical</a> purposes. Students regularly participate in the development of the project.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> </p> <ul> <li>Free and open-source software portal</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://gpac.io/">GPAC homepage</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/gpac/gpac/">GPAC project</a> on <a href="/facts/GitHub/n1hNCsc3">GitHub</a></li> <li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gpac/">GPAC project</a> on <a href="/facts/SourceForge/lxYAgUAX">SourceForge</a> (Deprecated 2016.01.23; See GitHub)</li> <li><a href="https://www.gpac-licensing.com/">GPAC Licensing</a> (business support)</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Jean Le Feuvre; Cyril Concolato (December 2012). "GPAC, Toolbox for Interactive Multimedia Packaging, Delivery and Playback". Open Source Column. ACM SIGMM Records. ISSN 1947-4598. Archived from the original on 2014-01-29. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140129095710/http://records.sigmm.ndlab.net/2012/12/open-source-column-gpac/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140129095710/http://records.sigmm.ndlab.net/2012/12/open-source-column-gpac/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Release GPAC 1.0 · gpac/gpac". GitHub. Retrieved 2024-10-30. <a href="https://github.com/gpac/gpac/releases/tag/v1.0.0" target="_blank">https://github.com/gpac/gpac/releases/tag/v1.0.0</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>GPAC (2013). "About us". GPAC Licensing. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="http://www.gpac-licensing.com/contact/about-us/" target="_blank">http://www.gpac-licensing.com/contact/about-us/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Romain Bouqueau (2014-01-22). "5000th commit, 10 years of open-source software". People@GPAC. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="http://gpac.io/2014/01/22/5000th-commits-10-years-of-open-source-software/" target="_blank">http://gpac.io/2014/01/22/5000th-commits-10-years-of-open-source-software/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Sofer, Nir (2013). "VideoCacheView". NirSoft.net. Retrieved 2014-01-28. uses MP4Box installed as a part of GPAC package to convert the MPEG-DASH streams into a valid mp4 <a href="http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/video_cache_view.html" target="_blank">http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/video_cache_view.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>GPAC. "Other academic works using GPAC". Publications. People@GPAC. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="http://gpac.io/about/references/#rd" target="_blank">http://gpac.io/about/references/#rd</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Rearchitecture - GPAC wiki". wiki.gpac.io. Retrieved 2024-10-30. <a href="https://wiki.gpac.io/Filters/Rearchitecture/" target="_blank">https://wiki.gpac.io/Filters/Rearchitecture/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"GPAC wiki". wiki.gpac.io. Retrieved 2024-10-30. <a href="https://wiki.gpac.io/#developer-resources" target="_blank">https://wiki.gpac.io/#developer-resources</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Release GPAC 1.0 · gpac/gpac". GitHub. Retrieved 2024-10-30. <a href="https://github.com/gpac/gpac/releases/tag/v1.0.0" target="_blank">https://github.com/gpac/gpac/releases/tag/v1.0.0</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Bouqueau, Romain (2013-05-09). "GPAC Licensing". GPAC Licensing. Retrieved 2014-01-28. The GPAC and MP4Box trademarks are internationally registered by Telecom ParisTech <a href="http://www.gpac-licensing.com/2013/05/09/gpac-licensing/" target="_blank">http://www.gpac-licensing.com/2013/05/09/gpac-licensing/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Bouqueau, Romain (2013-05-09). "Netflix deploys GPAC as their primary packager". GPAC Licensing. Retrieved 2024-07-25. GPAC deployed by Netflix as their primary packager <a href="https://gpac.io/2022/11/08/press-release-motion-spell-deploys-gpac-open-source-software-with-netflix/" target="_blank">https://gpac.io/2022/11/08/press-release-motion-spell-deploys-gpac-open-source-software-with-netflix/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Rayburn, Dan (2013-05-09). "NAB Streaming Summit 2023". NAB Streaming Summit. Retrieved 2024-07-25. Netflix uses GPAC in all their packaging scenarios <a href="https://nabstreamingsummit.com/videos/videos-2023vegas/" target="_blank">https://nabstreamingsummit.com/videos/videos-2023vegas/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"GPAC features". People@GPAC. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="http://gpac.io/gpac-features/" target="_blank">http://gpac.io/gpac-features/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Cyril Concolato; Jean Le Feuvre; Jean-Claude Moissinac (May 2008). "Design of an Efficient Scalable Vector Graphics Player for Constrained Devices". IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. 54 (2). IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics (Vol. 54 issue 2): 895–903. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.648.6798. doi:10.1109/TCE.2008.4560176. S2CID 1722027. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="http://biblio.telecom-paristech.fr/cgi-bin/download.cgi?id=8182" target="_blank">http://biblio.telecom-paristech.fr/cgi-bin/download.cgi?id=8182</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"GPAC features". People@GPAC. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="http://gpac.io/gpac-features/" target="_blank">http://gpac.io/gpac-features/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Cyril Concolato; Jean Le Feuvre; Jean-Claude Moissinac (May 2008). "Design of an Efficient Scalable Vector Graphics Player for Constrained Devices". IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. 54 (2). IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics (Vol. 54 issue 2): 895–903. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.648.6798. doi:10.1109/TCE.2008.4560176. S2CID 1722027. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="http://biblio.telecom-paristech.fr/cgi-bin/download.cgi?id=8182" target="_blank">http://biblio.telecom-paristech.fr/cgi-bin/download.cgi?id=8182</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Cyril Concolato; Jean Le Feuvre; Jean-Claude Moissinac (May 2008). "Design of an Efficient Scalable Vector Graphics Player for Constrained Devices". IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. 54 (2). IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics (Vol. 54 issue 2): 895–903. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.648.6798. doi:10.1109/TCE.2008.4560176. S2CID 1722027. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="http://biblio.telecom-paristech.fr/cgi-bin/download.cgi?id=8182" target="_blank">http://biblio.telecom-paristech.fr/cgi-bin/download.cgi?id=8182</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"GPAC features". People@GPAC. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="http://gpac.io/gpac-features/" target="_blank">http://gpac.io/gpac-features/</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"About us". People@GPAC. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="http://gpac.io/about/" target="_blank">http://gpac.io/about/</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Jean Le Feuvre; Cyril Concolato; Jean-Claude Moissinac (2007). "GPAC: open source multimedia framework". Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Multimedia. ACM Digital Library. pp. 1009–1012. doi:10.1145/1291233.1291452. ISBN 978-1-59593-702-5. <a href="978-1-59593-702-5" target="_blank">978-1-59593-702-5</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Jean Le Feuvre; Cyril Concolato (December 2012). "GPAC, Toolbox for Interactive Multimedia Packaging, Delivery and Playback". Open Source Column. ACM SIGMM Records. ISSN 1947-4598. Archived from the original on 2014-01-29. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140129095710/http://records.sigmm.ndlab.net/2012/12/open-source-column-gpac/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140129095710/http://records.sigmm.ndlab.net/2012/12/open-source-column-gpac/</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Cyril Concolato; Jean Le Feuvre; Jean-Claude Moissinac (May 2008). "Design of an Efficient Scalable Vector Graphics Player for Constrained Devices". IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. 54 (2). IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics (Vol. 54 issue 2): 895–903. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.648.6798. doi:10.1109/TCE.2008.4560176. S2CID 1722027. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="http://biblio.telecom-paristech.fr/cgi-bin/download.cgi?id=8182" target="_blank">http://biblio.telecom-paristech.fr/cgi-bin/download.cgi?id=8182</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Romain Bouqueau (2014-01-22). "5000th commit, 10 years of open-source software". People@GPAC. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="http://gpac.io/2014/01/22/5000th-commits-10-years-of-open-source-software/" target="_blank">http://gpac.io/2014/01/22/5000th-commits-10-years-of-open-source-software/</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Bouqueau, Romain (2013-05-09). "GPAC Licensing". GPAC Licensing. Retrieved 2014-01-28. The GPAC and MP4Box trademarks are internationally registered by Telecom ParisTech <a href="http://www.gpac-licensing.com/2013/05/09/gpac-licensing/" target="_blank">http://www.gpac-licensing.com/2013/05/09/gpac-licensing/</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>"About us". People@GPAC. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="http://gpac.io/about/" target="_blank">http://gpac.io/about/</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Jean Le Feuvre; Cyril Concolato; Jean-Claude Moissinac (2007). "GPAC: open source multimedia framework". Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Multimedia. ACM Digital Library. pp. 1009–1012. doi:10.1145/1291233.1291452. ISBN 978-1-59593-702-5. <a href="978-1-59593-702-5" target="_blank">978-1-59593-702-5</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Jean Le Feuvre; Cyril Concolato (December 2012). "GPAC, Toolbox for Interactive Multimedia Packaging, Delivery and Playback". Open Source Column. ACM SIGMM Records. ISSN 1947-4598. Archived from the original on 2014-01-29. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140129095710/http://records.sigmm.ndlab.net/2012/12/open-source-column-gpac/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140129095710/http://records.sigmm.ndlab.net/2012/12/open-source-column-gpac/</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>Cyril Concolato; Jean Le Feuvre; Jean-Claude Moissinac (May 2008). "Design of an Efficient Scalable Vector Graphics Player for Constrained Devices". IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. 54 (2). IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics (Vol. 54 issue 2): 895–903. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.648.6798. doi:10.1109/TCE.2008.4560176. S2CID 1722027. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="http://biblio.telecom-paristech.fr/cgi-bin/download.cgi?id=8182" target="_blank">http://biblio.telecom-paristech.fr/cgi-bin/download.cgi?id=8182</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>Jean Le Feuvre; Cyril Concolato; Jean-Claude Moissinac (2007). "GPAC: open source multimedia framework". Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Multimedia. ACM Digital Library. pp. 1009–1012. doi:10.1145/1291233.1291452. ISBN 978-1-59593-702-5. <a href="978-1-59593-702-5" target="_blank">978-1-59593-702-5</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>Cyril Concolato; Jean Le Feuvre; Jean-Claude Moissinac (May 2008). "Design of an Efficient Scalable Vector Graphics Player for Constrained Devices". IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. 54 (2). IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics (Vol. 54 issue 2): 895–903. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.648.6798. doi:10.1109/TCE.2008.4560176. S2CID 1722027. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="http://biblio.telecom-paristech.fr/cgi-bin/download.cgi?id=8182" target="_blank">http://biblio.telecom-paristech.fr/cgi-bin/download.cgi?id=8182</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>"About us". People@GPAC. Retrieved 2014-01-28. <a href="http://gpac.io/about/" target="_blank">http://gpac.io/about/</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>