INFORM

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
The founding of INFORM was motivated by a shared impression among clergy and academics that groups hostile to cults often aimed to feed rather than alleviate enquirers' fears.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> During the 1980s, the British <a href="/facts/Home_Office/qY31Kvhl">Home Office</a> received many complaints related to cults and NRMs from concerned parents, but did not feel that any of the existing <a href="/facts/Counter-cult_movement/g0hw6vPH">counter-cult</a> and <a href="/facts/Anti-cult_movement/IkNsr2od">anti-cult groups</a> deserved state funding.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> Answering the need for a body that would disseminate well-researched, impartial, and easily understood information,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> <a href="/facts/Eileen_Barker/AD1BKK0A">Eileen Barker</a>, a leading sociologist of religion based at the <a href="/facts/London_School_of_Economics_and_Political_Science/L8SkGefj">London School of Economics and Political Science</a>, established INFORM in 1988 with the support of the Home Office, the <a href="/facts/Archbishop_of_Canterbury/x3H2z6bI">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, <a href="/facts/Cardinal_Hume/4DR8B4Ll">Cardinal Hume</a> and other mainstream churches.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> Eileen Barker argued that the media have an interest in attracting and keeping readers, most of whom are likely to be attracted by sensational stories. Suppliers of information may well have an agenda that leads them to adjust their product to meet a perceived demand.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a>
Its founding aim was to provide neutral, objective and up-to-date information on <a href="/facts/New_religious_movement/7Ttfr321">new religious movements</a> (NRMs) to government officials, scholars, the media, and members of the general public, in particular to relatives of people who have joined a new religious movement,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> as well as religious or spiritual seekers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> Founder <a href="/facts/Eileen_Barker/AD1BKK0A">Eileen Barker</a> retired from directing Inform in 2020 and from its Board of Governors in 2022 (although she is still active as an Observer).

<h2 id="activities">Activities</h2>
INFORM, based in the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at King's College London,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> researches and collects information on new religious movements and makes this data available to all interested parties – government officials, researchers and the media as well as relatives of people who have joined a new religious movement.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> Seeking to dispel the often inaccurate and distorted information disseminated about new religious movements in the media, INFORM aims to provide reliable information, based on in-depth research, about the character, policy and origins of new religious movements, as well as information about what motivates converts, and how movement membership tends to affect members' subsequent lives and careers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> INFORM does not itself perform counselling, but refers enquirers to a nationwide network of qualified experts.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a> Where parents have lost all contact with their son or daughter, INFORM may be able to put them in touch with a go-between who has established lines of communication to the movement.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a> In some instances, INFORM has arranged meetings between families and founders or officials of new religious movements.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a>
Since 1988 INFORM has been holding regular seminars about thematic topics and new and minority religions,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a> and recent seminars have been conducted online and recordings are available.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a>
INFORM maintains a database and historical archives which it draws upon to provide information for enquirers and researchers. It has produced summary information about some individual groups<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> and traditions<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a> on its website. More recently INFORM staff and affiliates have provided Factsheets for the Religion Media Centre<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> and the Critical Dictionary of Apocalyptic and Millennial Movements (CDAMM).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a> INFORM publishes a book series with Rougledge on Minority Religions and Spiritual Movements which "addresses themes related to new religions, many of which have been the topics of Inform seminars. The series editorial board consists of internationally renowned scholars in the field."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a>
Recently INFORM has been involved in the AHRC-funded Abuse in Religious Contexts<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a> and in a Culham St Gabriel's-funded project exploring the teaching of Religion and Worldviews in English schools.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a>

<h2 id="reception">Reception</h2>
In a book of essays in tribute of Eileen Barker, <a href="/facts/Bryan_R._Wilson/FdfmfwLm">Bryan R. Wilson</a>, a leading scholar of religion from <a href="/facts/Oxford_University/ExVVQL6V">Oxford University</a>, stated that INFORM has often managed to resolve or defuse the deeply emotional conflicts surrounding membership in a new religious movement.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a>
INFORM has been criticised by anti-cult organisations, in particular the <a href="/facts/Family_Action_Information_Resource/hxuutBQp">Family Action Information Resource</a> (FAIR) chaired by former <a href="/facts/Conservative_Party_(UK)/0LPlRq1a">Conservative</a> Home Office minister and anti-cult campaigner <a href="/facts/Tom_Sackville/dNGv7xRo">Tom Sackville</a>, who cut INFORM's Home Office funding in 1997.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> In 1999, it was reported that INFORM was facing closure, due to lack of funds.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a>
By 2000, Home Office funding was restored, prompting Sackville to warn that INFORM might provide government with bad advice, adding, "I cancelled INFORM's grant and I think it's absurd that it's been brought back."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a> Criticism of INFORM has focused on Barker's reluctance to condemn all new religions as "cults".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a> Barker responded to the criticism by saying, "We are not cult apologists. People make a lot of noise without doing serious research – so much so that they can end up sounding as closed to reason as the cults they're attacking. Besides, I imagine FAIR was disappointed not to get our funding."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a>
During 2021 a letter to The Lancet cited research from Inform-associated authors, suggesting that the sociological approach to studying "cults" which emphasises "inquisitive dialogue and contextual understanding" might be usefully applied to the anti-vax movement.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a>

<h2 id="funding">Funding</h2>
INFORM has a policy of not accepting money from any of the new religious movements or any other organisation that might wish to prejudice the outcome of its research. INFORM has received funding, project grants and assistance in kind from different branches of the British government including the <a href="/facts/Home_Office/qY31Kvhl">Home Office</a>; <a href="/facts/Department_for_Education/ALnwBHn6">Department for Education</a>, Department of Communities and Local Government/<a href="/facts/Department_for_Levelling_Up%2c_Housing_and_Communities/oetFDolr">Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities</a>, <a href="/facts/European_Research_Council/ajpwnCVz">European Research Council</a>, the <a href="/facts/Church_of_England/A1CoKeGz">Church of England</a>, the <a href="/facts/Catholic_Church/rJ4F4gqH">Catholic Church</a>, the <a href="/facts/Methodist_Church/XXvj9D0G">Methodist Church</a>; and trusts and foundations including the <a href="https://censamm.org">Centre for the Critical Study of Apocalyptic and Millenarian Movements (CenSAMM)</a>, <a href="https://www.cstg.org.uk/">Culham St. Gabriel's</a>, the <a href="https://www.spaldingtrust.org.uk/">Spaulding Trust</a>, J.P.Getty, Nuffield, Wates, and the Jerusalem Trust, amongst others. Affiliated researchers have been funded by the <a href="https://www.ukri.org/councils/ahrc/">Arts and Humanities Research Council</a>, <a href="/facts/British_Academy/RtbyQVwB">British Academy</a>, <a href="/facts/Leverhulme/pSGYRVpT">Leverhulme</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Department_of_Health/WlV5KLBF">Department of Health</a>. In addition, INFORM receives some donations from enquirers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a>

<h2 id="articles">Articles</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.churchtimes.co.uk/content.asp?id=58309">"Cults need vigilance, not alarmism"</a>, article in the <a href="/facts/Church_Times/bvQxjnrK">Church Times</a>, 2008-06-20, by <a href="/facts/James_A._Beckford/UQCR2cNe">James A. Beckford</a>, Emeritus Professor of Sociology at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Warwick/A88IPplp">University of Warwick</a> and chairman of INFORM's management committee</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Eileen_Barker/AD1BKK0A">Eileen Barker</a> (2006) "What should we do about the Cults? Policies, Information and the Perspective of INFORM." pp. 371–95 in The New Religious Question: State Regulation or State Interference? (La nouvelle question religieuse: Régulation ou ingérence de l'État?), edited by Pauline Côté and T. Jeremy Gunn. Brussels: Peter Lang.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Eileen_Barker/AD1BKK0A">Eileen Barker</a> (2001) "INFORM : Bringing the Sociology of Religion to the Public Space." In P. Côté (Ed.), Chercheurs de dieux dans l’espace public - Frontier Religions in Public Space (pp. 21–34). University of Ottawa Press.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="inform-associated-books">Inform Associated Books</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Eileen_Barker/AD1BKK0A">Eileen Barker</a> (1989) New Religious Movements: A Practical Introduction. London: HMSO.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Jean_La_Fontaine/fGvLNQ6m">Jean La Fontaine</a> (1998) Speak of the Devil: Tales of Satanic Abuse in Contemporary England. <a href="/facts/Cambridge_University_Press/fgEBSSRq">Cambridge University Press</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Jean_La_Fontaine/fGvLNQ6m">Jean La Fontaine</a> (2009) The Devil's Children: From Spirit Possession to Witchcraft: New Allegations that Affect Children. <a href="/facts/Routledge/aSwcES11">Routledge</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Inform-Series-on-Minority-Religions-and-Spiritual-Movements/book-series/AINFORM">Routledge-Inform Book Series</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/James_A._Beckford/UQCR2cNe">Beckford, James A.</a>; Richardson, James T. (2003), "Introduction", in Beckford, James A.; Richardson, James T. (eds.), Challenging religion: essays in honour of Eileen Barker, <a href="/facts/Routledge_Taylor_%2526_Francis_Group/tLDanRJg">Routledge Taylor & Francis Group</a>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-415-30948-6</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Eileen_Barker/AD1BKK0A">Barker, Eileen</a> (2006), ""What should we do about the Cults? Policies, Information and the Perspective of INFORM"", in Côté, Pauline; Gunn, T. Jeremy (eds.), <a href="https://inform.ac/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Barker-What-Should-We-Do-About-the-Cults-in-New-Religious-Question.pdf">The New Religious Question: State Regulation or State Interference?(L'a nouvelle question religieuse: Régulation ou ingérence de l'État?)</a> (PDF), Peter Lane</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Eileen_Barker/AD1BKK0A">Barker, Eileen</a> (2001), In P. Côté (Ed.) in (ed.), <a href="https://books.openedition.org/uop/1109?lang=en">'Chercheurs de dieux dans l'espace public - Frontier Religions in Public Space'</a>, University of Ottawa Press, pp. 21–34</li>
<li><a href="/facts/George_Chryssides/dR4tWcqD">Chryssides, George D.</a> (1999a), Exploring New Religions, <a href="/facts/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group/CXulDSkV">Continuum International Publishing Group</a>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-8264-5959-6</li>
<li>Chryssides, George D. (1999b), "Britain's anti-cult movement", in <a href="/facts/Bryan_R._Wilson/FdfmfwLm">Wilson, Bryan R.</a>; Cresswell, Jamie (eds.), New religious movements: challenge and response, <a href="/facts/Routledge/aSwcES11">Routledge</a>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-415-20050-9</li>
<li>Chryssides, George D.; Wilkins, Margaret Z. (2006), A reader in new religious movements, Continuum International Publishing Group, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-8264-6168-1</li>
<li>Fautré, Willy (2006), "Non-state actors and Religious Freedom in Europe", in Andreopoulos, George J.; Kabasakal Arat, Zehra F.; Juviler, Peter H. (eds.), Non-state actors in the human rights universe, <a href="/facts/Kumarian_Press/j323scop">Kumarian Press</a>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-56549-213-4</li>
<li><a href="https://inform.ac/about-us/">Inform: About Us</a>, retrieved 24 November 2022</li>
<li><a href="https://inform.ac/gpdr_and_ethics/">Inform: Data Protection and Research Ethics</a>, retrieved 24 November 2022</li>
<li><a href="/facts/International_Cultic_Studies_Association/uLSFqIFA">ICSA</a> (2009), <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100103224154/http://icsahome.com/infoserv_profile/barker_eileen.asp">Profiles: Eileen Barker, Ph.D., OBE, FBA</a>, archived from <a href="http://www.icsahome.com/infoserv_profile/barker_eileen.asp">the original</a> on 3 January 2010, retrieved 19 December 2009</li>
<li>Mylan, Sophie; Hardman, Charlotte (2021), <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00443-8/fulltext">COVID-19, cults, and the anti-vax movement</a>, vol. 297, The Lancet, p. 1181</li>
<li>Telegraph staff (2000-07-31), <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/4253550/Cult-advisers-in-clash-over-clampdown.html">"Cult advisers in clash over clampdown"</a>, <a href="/facts/The_Daily_Telegraph/aHa5nNw5">The Daily Telegraph</a>, retrieved 19 December 2009</li>
<li>Thomson, Alan (1999-02-12), <a href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=144989§ioncode=26">"Cult-watch centre faces closure"</a>, <a href="/facts/Times_Higher_Education/MM7nJq88">Times Higher Education</a>, retrieved 19 December 2009</li>
<li>Wilson, Bryan R. (2003), "Absolutes and relatives: problems for NRMs", in Beckford, James A.; Richardson, James T. (eds.), Challenging religion: essays in honour of Eileen Barker, <a href="/facts/Routledge_Taylor_%2526_Francis_Group/tLDanRJg">Routledge Taylor & Francis Group</a>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-415-30948-6</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.inform.ac/">INFORM website</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"Information Network Focus on Religious Movements, registered charity no. 801729". Charity Commission for England and Wales. <a href="https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=801729&subId=0" target="_blank">https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=801729&subId=0</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">""Theology & Religious Studies at KCL:Research Impact"". <a href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/trs/research/research-impact" target="_blank">https://www.kcl.ac.uk/trs/research/research-impact</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Beckford & Richardson 2003, p. 5 - Beckford, James A.; Richardson, James T. (2003), "Introduction", in Beckford, James A.; Richardson, James T. (eds.), Challenging religion: essays in honour of Eileen Barker, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN 978-0-415-30948-6 <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Inform: About Us". <a href="https://inform.ac/about-us/" target="_blank">https://inform.ac/about-us/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Chryssides 1999a, p. 351 - Chryssides, George D. (1999a), Exploring New Religions, Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-8264-5959-6 <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Chryssides 1999a, p. 351 - Chryssides, George D. (1999a), Exploring New Religions, Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-8264-5959-6 <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Barker 2001 - Barker, Eileen (2001), In P. Côté (Ed.) in (ed.), 'Chercheurs de dieux dans l'espace public - Frontier Religions in Public Space', University of Ottawa Press, pp. 21–34 <a href="https://books.openedition.org/uop/1109?lang=en" target="_blank">https://books.openedition.org/uop/1109?lang=en</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Beckford & Richardson 2003, p. 5 - Beckford, James A.; Richardson, James T. (2003), "Introduction", in Beckford, James A.; Richardson, James T. (eds.), Challenging religion: essays in honour of Eileen Barker, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN 978-0-415-30948-6 <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Fautré 2006, p. 328 - Fautré, Willy (2006), "Non-state actors and Religious Freedom in Europe", in Andreopoulos, George J.; Kabasakal Arat, Zehra F.; Juviler, Peter H. (eds.), Non-state actors in the human rights universe, Kumarian Press, ISBN 978-1-56549-213-4 <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Chryssides 1999a, p. 351 - Chryssides, George D. (1999a), Exploring New Religions, Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-8264-5959-6 <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Chryssides 1999b, p. 270 - Chryssides, George D. (1999b), "Britain's anti-cult movement", in Wilson, Bryan R.; Cresswell, Jamie (eds.), New religious movements: challenge and response, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-20050-9 <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Barker 2006 - Barker, Eileen (2006), ""What should we do about the Cults? Policies, Information and the Perspective of INFORM"", in Côté, Pauline; Gunn, T. Jeremy (eds.), The New Religious Question: State Regulation or State Interference?(L'a nouvelle question religieuse: Régulation ou ingérence de l'État?) (PDF), Peter Lane <a href="https://inform.ac/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Barker-What-Should-We-Do-About-the-Cults-in-New-Religious-Question.pdf" target="_blank">https://inform.ac/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Barker-What-Should-We-Do-About-the-Cults-in-New-Religious-Question.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Wilson 2003, p. 20 - Wilson, Bryan R. (2003), "Absolutes and relatives: problems for NRMs", in Beckford, James A.; Richardson, James T. (eds.), Challenging religion: essays in honour of Eileen Barker, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN 978-0-415-30948-6 <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">ICSA 2009 - ICSA (2009), Profiles: Eileen Barker, Ph.D., OBE, FBA, archived from the original on 3 January 2010, retrieved 19 December 2009 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100103224154/http://icsahome.com/infoserv_profile/barker_eileen.asp" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20100103224154/http://icsahome.com/infoserv_profile/barker_eileen.asp</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Fautré 2006, p. 328 - Fautré, Willy (2006), "Non-state actors and Religious Freedom in Europe", in Andreopoulos, George J.; Kabasakal Arat, Zehra F.; Juviler, Peter H. (eds.), Non-state actors in the human rights universe, Kumarian Press, ISBN 978-1-56549-213-4 <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Barker 2006 - Barker, Eileen (2006), ""What should we do about the Cults? Policies, Information and the Perspective of INFORM"", in Côté, Pauline; Gunn, T. Jeremy (eds.), The New Religious Question: State Regulation or State Interference?(L'a nouvelle question religieuse: Régulation ou ingérence de l'État?) (PDF), Peter Lane <a href="https://inform.ac/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Barker-What-Should-We-Do-About-the-Cults-in-New-Religious-Question.pdf" target="_blank">https://inform.ac/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Barker-What-Should-We-Do-About-the-Cults-in-New-Religious-Question.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">""Theology & Religious Studies at KCL:Research Impact"". <a href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/trs/research/research-impact" target="_blank">https://www.kcl.ac.uk/trs/research/research-impact</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Wilson 2003, p. 20 - Wilson, Bryan R. (2003), "Absolutes and relatives: problems for NRMs", in Beckford, James A.; Richardson, James T. (eds.), Challenging religion: essays in honour of Eileen Barker, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN 978-0-415-30948-6 <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Chryssides 1999a, p. 351 - Chryssides, George D. (1999a), Exploring New Religions, Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-8264-5959-6 <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Wilson 2003, p. 20 - Wilson, Bryan R. (2003), "Absolutes and relatives: problems for NRMs", in Beckford, James A.; Richardson, James T. (eds.), Challenging religion: essays in honour of Eileen Barker, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN 978-0-415-30948-6 <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Beckford & Richardson 2003, p. 5 - Beckford, James A.; Richardson, James T. (2003), "Introduction", in Beckford, James A.; Richardson, James T. (eds.), Challenging religion: essays in honour of Eileen Barker, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN 978-0-415-30948-6 <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Chryssides & Wilkins 2006, p. 375 - Chryssides, George D.; Wilkins, Margaret Z. (2006), A reader in new religious movements, Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-8264-6168-1 <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">Wilson 2003, p. 20 - Wilson, Bryan R. (2003), "Absolutes and relatives: problems for NRMs", in Beckford, James A.; Richardson, James T. (eds.), Challenging religion: essays in honour of Eileen Barker, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN 978-0-415-30948-6 <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">""Inform: Past Events"". <a href="https://inform.ac/past-events/" target="_blank">https://inform.ac/past-events/</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">""Inform: Online Seminars"". YouTube. <a href="https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGUpMPnZzw_AvtWz933itoFAWzPbUqo9n" target="_blank">https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGUpMPnZzw_AvtWz933itoFAWzPbUqo9n</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">"Inform: Individual Grops". <a href="https://inform.ac/individual-groups/" target="_blank">https://inform.ac/individual-groups/</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">"Inform: General leaflets". <a href="https://inform.ac/leaflets/" target="_blank">https://inform.ac/leaflets/</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">"Religion Media Centre: Factsheets". <a href="https://religionmediacentre.org.uk/factsheets/" target="_blank">https://religionmediacentre.org.uk/factsheets/</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">"Critical Dictionary of Apocalyptic and Millennial Movements (CDAMM)". <a href="https://www.cdamm.org/" target="_blank">https://www.cdamm.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">"Routledge-Inform Book Series". <a href="https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Inform-Series-on-Minority-Religions-and-Spiritual-Movements/book-series/AINFORM" target="_blank">https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Inform-Series-on-Minority-Religions-and-Spiritual-Movements/book-series/AINFORM</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">"Abuse in Religious Settings Project, University of Kent". <a href="https://research.kent.ac.uk/airs/" target="_blank">https://research.kent.ac.uk/airs/</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">""Faith and Belief Forum/Open University/Inform Collaborative Partnership"". <a href="https://www.cstg.org.uk/grants/projects/case-studies/faith-and-belief-forum-open-university-inform-collaborative-partnership/" target="_blank">https://www.cstg.org.uk/grants/projects/case-studies/faith-and-belief-forum-open-university-inform-collaborative-partnership/</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">Wilson 2003, p. 20 - Wilson, Bryan R. (2003), "Absolutes and relatives: problems for NRMs", in Beckford, James A.; Richardson, James T. (eds.), Challenging religion: essays in honour of Eileen Barker, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN 978-0-415-30948-6 <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">Telegraph staff 2000 - Telegraph staff (2000-07-31), "Cult advisers in clash over clampdown", The Daily Telegraph, retrieved 19 December 2009 <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/4253550/Cult-advisers-in-clash-over-clampdown.html" target="_blank">https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/4253550/Cult-advisers-in-clash-over-clampdown.html</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">Thomson 1999 - Thomson, Alan (1999-02-12), "Cult-watch centre faces closure", Times Higher Education, retrieved 19 December 2009 <a href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=144989§ioncode=26" target="_blank">http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=144989§ioncode=26</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">Telegraph staff 2000 - Telegraph staff (2000-07-31), "Cult advisers in clash over clampdown", The Daily Telegraph, retrieved 19 December 2009 <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/4253550/Cult-advisers-in-clash-over-clampdown.html" target="_blank">https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/4253550/Cult-advisers-in-clash-over-clampdown.html</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">Telegraph staff 2000 - Telegraph staff (2000-07-31), "Cult advisers in clash over clampdown", The Daily Telegraph, retrieved 19 December 2009 <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/4253550/Cult-advisers-in-clash-over-clampdown.html" target="_blank">https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/4253550/Cult-advisers-in-clash-over-clampdown.html</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">Telegraph staff 2000 - Telegraph staff (2000-07-31), "Cult advisers in clash over clampdown", The Daily Telegraph, retrieved 19 December 2009 <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/4253550/Cult-advisers-in-clash-over-clampdown.html" target="_blank">https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/4253550/Cult-advisers-in-clash-over-clampdown.html</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">Mylan & Hardman 2021, p. 1181 - Mylan, Sophie; Hardman, Charlotte (2021), COVID-19, cults, and the anti-vax movement, vol. 297, The Lancet, p. 1181 <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00443-8/fulltext" target="_blank">https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00443-8/fulltext</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:40">"Funding Policy". INFORM. Retrieved 5 August 2023. <a href="https://inform.ac/funding-policy/" target="_blank">https://inform.ac/funding-policy/</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:41">Barker 2006 - Barker, Eileen (2006), ""What should we do about the Cults? Policies, Information and the Perspective of INFORM"", in Côté, Pauline; Gunn, T. Jeremy (eds.), The New Religious Question: State Regulation or State Interference?(L'a nouvelle question religieuse: Régulation ou ingérence de l'État?) (PDF), Peter Lane <a href="https://inform.ac/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Barker-What-Should-We-Do-About-the-Cults-in-New-Religious-Question.pdf" target="_blank">https://inform.ac/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Barker-What-Should-We-Do-About-the-Cults-in-New-Religious-Question.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:42">Barker 2001 - Barker, Eileen (2001), In P. Côté (Ed.) in (ed.), 'Chercheurs de dieux dans l'espace public - Frontier Religions in Public Space', University of Ottawa Press, pp. 21–34 <a href="https://books.openedition.org/uop/1109?lang=en" target="_blank">https://books.openedition.org/uop/1109?lang=en</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

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