Web template system

<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>
<p>A <i>web template system</i> is composed of the following:
</p>
<ul><li>A <a href="/facts/Template_processor/tGaGYPh3">template engine</a>: the primary <a href="/facts/Processing_element/Gg0UkuqW">processing element</a> of the system;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></li>
<li><i>Content resource</i>: any of various kinds of input <a href="/facts/Data_stream/57yDhBCd">data streams</a>, such as from a <a href="/facts/Relational_database/pEKGmJLy">relational database</a>, <a href="/facts/XML/clNgUfWk">XML</a> files, <a href="/facts/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol/KgpfD8nR">LDAP</a> directory, and other kinds of local or <a href="/facts/Computer_networking/3w5RM99p">networked</a> data;</li>
<li><i>Template resource</i>: <i>web template</i>s specified according to a <a href="/facts/Template_language/tGaGYPh3">template language</a>;</li></ul>
<p>The template and content resources are processed and combined by the template engine to mass-produce web documents. For purposes of this article, web documents include any of various output formats for transmission over the web via <a href="/facts/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol/TWtvf7JD">HTTP</a>, <a href="/facts/HTTPS/MSWYz4zo">HTTPS</a>, or another <a href="/facts/Internet_Protocol/Qq6VeEal">Internet protocol</a>.
</p>
<h3>Template engine</h3>
<p class="note">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/facts/Template_processor/tGaGYPh3">Template processor</a>.[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_processor&action=edit">edit</a>]</p>

A <a href="/facts/Template_processor/tGaGYPh3">template processor</a> (also known as a template engine or template parser) is <a href="/facts/Software/RP79lVSW">software</a> designed to combine <i>template</i>s with data (defined by a <a href="/facts/Data_model/j1YyzpJ3">data model</a>) to produce resulting <a href="/facts/Electronic_document/7ee80Ee4">documents</a> or <a href="/facts/Computer_program/e38jH9N9">programs</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> The language that the templates are written in is known as a template language or templating language. For purposes of this article, a result document is any kind of formatted output, including <a href="/facts/Documents/H4Hdxu91">documents</a>, <a href="/facts/Web_page/5JK7xQLe">web pages</a>, or <a href="/facts/Source_code/o9J6Jv23">source code</a> (in <a href="/facts/Source_code_generation/zrrwX3CW">source code generation</a>), either in whole or in fragments. A template engine is ordinarily included as a part of a web template system or <a href="/facts/Application_framework/xSzKMgdn">application framework</a>, and may be used also as a <a href="/facts/Preprocessor/arTRL5RG">preprocessor</a> or <a href="/facts/Filter_(software)/PKwFrEfI">filter</a>.
<h2 id="example">Example</h2>
<p>With the model typically held in a relational database, the remaining components of the <a href="/facts/Model%25E2%2580%2593view%25E2%2580%2593controller/vRbMXjMm">MVC</a> architecture are the control and view. In the simplest of systems these two are not separated. However, adapting the <a href="/facts/Separation_of_concerns/Tx8jawNT">separation of concerns</a> principle one can completely decouple the relationships.
</p><p>For example, the view template may look like this:
</p>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
   <head><title>Sites</title></head>
   <body><h1 data-xp="title"></h1></body>
</html>

<p>Then, the control template loads the view, and then uses <a href="/facts/XPath/0eCtJoj7">XPath</a> addressing [<i>original research?</i>] to insert components from a database, for instance:
</p>
<?php
$doc = new DOMDocument;
$doc->preserveWhiteSpace = false;
$doc->Load('view.html');
$titlenode = $doc->createTextNode("Like this");
$xpath = new DOMXPath($doc);
$xpath->registerNamespace("h", "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"); 
$query = "//h:*[@data-xp='title']/comment()";
$entries = $xpath->query($query);
foreach ($entries as $entry) {
    $entry->parentNode->replaceChild($titlenode, $entry);
}
echo $doc->saveXML();
?>

<h2 id="kinds-of-template-systems">Kinds of template systems</h2>
<p>A web browser and web server are a <a href="/facts/Client%25E2%2580%2593server/FSnf27C5">client–server</a> architecture. Sites often also use a <a href="/facts/Web_cache/DqIBcWem">web cache</a> to improve performance. Five templating system types are classified based on when they replace placeholders with real content and assemble pages.
</p>
<ul><li>Server-side – run-time substitution happens on the web server</li>
<li>Client-side – run-time substitution happens in the web browser</li>
<li>Edge-side – run-time substitution happens on a proxy between web server and browser</li>
<li>Outside server – static web pages are produced offline and uploaded to the web server; no run-time substitution</li>
<li>Distributed – run-time substitution happens on multiple servers</li></ul>
<p>Template languages may be:
</p>
<ul><li>Embedded or event-driven.</li>
<li>Simple, iterable, programmable, or complex.</li>
<li>Defined by a consortium, privately defined, or de facto defined by an open implementation.  Ownership influences the stability and credibility of a specification. However, in most jurisdictions, language specification cannot be copyrighted, so control is seldom absolute.</li></ul>
<p>The source code of the <a href="/facts/Template_engine_(web)/zWstHsCF">template engine</a> can be proprietary or <a href="/facts/Open_source/7X9rCdz4">open source</a>.
</p><p>Many template systems are a component of a larger programming platform or framework. They are referred to as the "platform's template system". Some template systems have the option of substituting a different template language or engine.
</p>
<h3>Language support</h3>
<p><a href="/facts/Programming_languages/cWTYbgWa">Programming languages</a> such as <a href="/facts/Perl/fx31kjlT">Perl</a>, <a href="/facts/Ruby_(programming_language)/BeYSaPSR">Ruby</a>, <a href="/facts/C_(programming_language)/Ky2No763">C</a>, and <a href="/facts/Java_(programming_language)/9ScgFyAL">Java</a> support template processing either natively, or through add-on libraries and modules. <a href="/facts/JavaServer_Pages/LAr4ALkb">JavaServer Pages</a> (JSP), <a href="/facts/PHP/vU6YRJX0">PHP</a>, and <a href="/facts/Active_Server_Pages/um62st21">Active Server Pages</a> (ASP with <a href="/facts/VBScript/tg6VhSCk">VBScript</a>, <a href="/facts/JScript/HyuCUU2D">JScript</a> or other languages) are examples, themselves, of web template engines. These technologies are typically used in server-side templating systems, but could be adapted for use on an "edge-side" proxy or for static page generation.
</p>
<h3>Static site generators</h3>
<p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Static_site_generator/zWstHsCF">Static site generator</a></p>
<p>Static site generators are engines that use flat text input files like <a href="/facts/Markdown/yAL6qk7M">markdown</a> and <a href="/facts/Asciidoc/WUVfzXFW">asciidoc</a> to generate a <a href="/facts/Static_web_page/BtP4660l">static web page</a>. Examples of this include <a href="/facts/Jekyll_(software)/1BXPTF9V">Jekyll</a> (Liquid, <a href="/facts/Ruby_(programming_language)/BeYSaPSR">Ruby</a>), <a href="/facts/Hugo_(software)/z64dwHpH">Hugo</a> (<a href="/facts/Go_(programming_language)/oWlsmAFJ">Go</a> templates), and Pelican (<a href="/facts/Jinja_(template_engine)/npSms5UJ">Jinja2</a>, <a href="/facts/Python_(software)/YbuGqofa">Python</a>).
</p>
<h3>Static HTML Editors</h3>

<p><a href="/facts/HTML_editor/Tf82QUku">HTML editors</a> often use web template systems to produce only <a href="/facts/Static_web_page/BtP4660l">static web pages</a>. These can be viewed as a ready-made <a href="/facts/Web_design/1uNCN7qE">web design</a>, used to mass-produce "cookie-cutter" <a href="/facts/Website/SAsjJnca">websites</a> for rapid deployment. They also commonly include themes in place of <a href="/facts/Cascading_Style_Sheets/tA90XBQo">CSS</a> styles. In general, the template language is used only with the editor's software.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a>
</p><p><a href="/facts/Microsoft_FrontPage/rsKvkaW9">FrontPage</a> and <a href="/facts/Macromedia_Dreamweaver/MzP28RQ4">Dreamweaver</a> were once the most popular editors with template sub-systems. A Flash web template uses <a href="/facts/Adobe_Animate/zxVXv0mQ">Macromedia Flash</a> to create visually interactive sites.
</p><p>Many <i>server-side template systems</i> have an option to publish output pages on the server, where the published pages are <a href="/facts/Static_web_page/BtP4660l">static</a>. This is common on <a href="/facts/Content_management_system/CCk4vIxV">content management systems</a>, like <a href="/facts/Vignette_(software)/4dDRcG4s">Vignette</a>, but is not considered out-server generation. In the majority of cases, this "publish option" doesn't interfere with the <i>template system</i>, and it can be made by external software, as <a href="/facts/Wget/0EeAK2uj">Wget</a>.
</p>
<h3>Server-side systems</h3>

<p>People began to use <a href="/facts/Dynamic_web_page/psjqGKBx">server-side dynamic pages</a> generated from templates with pre-existent software adapted for this task. This early software was the <a href="/facts/Preprocessor/arTRL5RG">preprocessors</a> and <a href="/facts/Macro_(computer_science)/7abAsm1o">macro languages</a>, adapted for the web use, running on <a href="/facts/Common_Gateway_Interface/zWsLFXGJ">CGI</a>. Next, a simple but relevant technology was the direct execution made on extension modules, started with <a href="/facts/Server_Side_Includes/389lK6mQ">SSI</a>.
</p><p>Many <i>template systems</i> are typically used as <i>server-side template systems</i>:
</p>
<table><tbody><tr><th>System label/name</th><th>Platform/framework</th><th>Notes</th></tr><tr><td>Blade</td><td><a href="/facts/PHP/vU6YRJX0">PHP</a></td><td>Public. Part of <a href="/facts/Laravel/nc3vYq0J">Laravel</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/CheetahTemplate/j6Fd2SQS">CheetahTemplate</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Python_(programming_language)/YbuGqofa">Python</a></td><td>Public. <a href="/facts/Web_template/zWstHsCF">Embedded complex language</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Django_web_framework/TjPPmvSg">Django</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Python_(programming_language)/YbuGqofa">Python</a></td><td>Use the "Django template language".</td></tr><tr><td>EJS (Embedded JavaScript)</td><td><a href="/facts/JavaScript/XhhIIEsl">JavaScript</a></td><td>Public. <a href="/facts/Web_template/zWstHsCF">Embedded complex language</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/FreeMarker/FvP4jVza">FreeMarker</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Java_platform/fpn6x8WL">Java</a></td><td>Public.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Facelets/GSPHKLHM">Facelets</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Jakarta_EE/7AAStd35">Jakarta EE</a></td><td>Public. Part of <a href="/facts/Jakarta_Faces/1QhmoE1A">Jakarta Faces</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Genshi_(Templating_Language)/8wSDCVsm">Genshi</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Python_(programming_language)/YbuGqofa">Python</a></td><td>Public</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Haml/XAnWWMUf">Haml</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Ruby_(programming_language)/BeYSaPSR">Ruby</a> or Other</td><td>Public.</td></tr><tr><td>Hamlets</td><td><a href="/facts/Java_(programming_language)/9ScgFyAL">Java</a></td><td>Public.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Jinja_(template_engine)/npSms5UJ">Jinja2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Python_(programming_language)/YbuGqofa">Python</a></td><td>Public. <a href="/facts/Web_template/zWstHsCF">Embedded complex language</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kid_(templating_language)/xXVJohsM">Kid</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Python_(programming_language)/YbuGqofa">Python</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Lasso_programming_language/N3o4Ubqu">Lasso</a></td><td><a href="http://www.lassosoft.com/">LassoSoft, LLC</a></td><td>Proprietary. <a href="/facts/Interpreter_(computing)/JB85fbyb">Interpreted</a> <a href="/facts/Programming_language/cWTYbgWa">Programming Language</a> and <a href="/facts/Server_(computing)/dEaYFD7r">Server</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mustache_(template_system)/m3EAsoqt">Mustache</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ActionScript/xtDQb0wR">ActionScript</a>, <a href="/facts/C%252B%252B/Et0F2qn9">C++</a>, <a href="/facts/Clojure/3JRNxKXx">Clojure</a>, <a href="/facts/CoffeeScript/S8U53Pxy">CoffeeScript</a>, <a href="/facts/ColdFusion/4WB5vcA2">ColdFusion</a>, <a href="/facts/D_(programming_language)/4qIzRjkF">D</a>, <a href="/facts/Erlang_(programming_language)/2PuxmzT3">Erlang</a>, <a href="/facts/Fantom_(programming_language)/pgpD7oBN">Fantom</a>, <a href="/facts/Go_(programming_language)/oWlsmAFJ">Go</a>, <a href="/facts/Java_(programming_language)/9ScgFyAL">Java</a>, <a href="/facts/Server-side_JavaScript/XhhIIEsl">server-side JavaScript</a>, <a href="/facts/Lua_(programming_language)/xkBCgta0">Lua</a>, <a href="/facts/.NET_Framework/J6QDAUhP">.NET</a>, <a href="/facts/Objective-C/5mM557BW">Objective-C</a>, ooc,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Perl/fx31kjlT">Perl</a>, <a href="/facts/PHP/vU6YRJX0">PHP</a>, <a href="/facts/Python_(programming_language)/YbuGqofa">Python</a>, <a href="/facts/Ruby_(programming_language)/BeYSaPSR">Ruby</a>, <a href="/facts/Scala_(programming_language)/ebL8o6AK">Scala</a>, <a href="/facts/Tcl/s7fbKYtR">Tcl</a></td><td>Public.</td></tr><tr><td>Basic <a href="/facts/Server_Side_Includes/389lK6mQ">Server Side Includes</a> (SSI)</td><td>The <a href="/facts/Server_Side_Includes/389lK6mQ">basic directives</a> fix a "standard".</td><td><a href="/facts/Web_template/zWstHsCF">Embedded simple language</a>, if exclude exec directive.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Smarty_(template_engine)/ayxNIBqT">Smarty</a></td><td><a href="/facts/PHP/vU6YRJX0">PHP</a></td><td>Public. <a href="/facts/Web_template/zWstHsCF">Embedded complex language</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Template_Toolkit/ckoqzwuM">Template Toolkit</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Perl/fx31kjlT">Perl</a></td><td>Public. <a href="/facts/Web_template/zWstHsCF">Embedded complex language</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Template_Attribute_Language/pqQVs8QU">Template Attribute Language</a> (TAL)</td><td><a href="/facts/Zope/QUkJsd03">Zope</a>, <a href="/facts/Python_(programming_language)/YbuGqofa">Python</a>, <a href="/facts/Java_(programming_language)/9ScgFyAL">Java</a>, <a href="/facts/Perl/fx31kjlT">Perl</a>, <a href="/facts/PHP/vU6YRJX0">PHP</a>, <a href="/facts/XSLT/0gw4WVyJ">XSLT</a></td><td>Public; a.k.a. <a href="/facts/Zope/QUkJsd03">Zope Page Templates (ZPT)</a>; see also <a href="/facts/TALES/pqQVs8QU">TAL Expression Syntax</a> (TALES), <a href="/facts/METAL/pqQVs8QU">Macro Expansion TAL</a> (METAL)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Java_view_technologies_and_frameworks/vBxdNbca">Tiles</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Java_platform/fpn6x8WL">Java</a></td><td>Public. Supports multiple template languages (JSP, Velocity, Freemarker, Mustache) from various frameworks (servlet, portlets, struts, spring).</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Thymeleaf/yuuyLXSz">Thymeleaf</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Java_platform/fpn6x8WL">Java</a></td><td>Public.</td></tr><tr><td>Topsite</td><td><a href="/facts/Python_(programming_language)/YbuGqofa">Python</a></td><td>Public. <i>"As of 2008-02-20, this project is no longer under active development."</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Twig_(template_engine)/pK7J67bJ">Twig</a></td><td><a href="/facts/PHP/vU6YRJX0">PHP</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Standard_PHP_Library/vU6YRJX0">PHPlib</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Standard_PHP_Library/vU6YRJX0">PHPlib</a></td><td>Public. <a href="/facts/Web_template/zWstHsCF">Embedded iterable language</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/WebMacro/y4a94bQn">WebMacro</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Java_platform/fpn6x8WL">Java</a></td><td>Public. <a href="/facts/Web_template/zWstHsCF">Embedded iterable language</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/WebObjects/PyRxEc9F">WebObjects</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Java_platform/fpn6x8WL">Java</a></td><td>Use the <a href="/facts/WebObjects/PyRxEc9F">WebObjects Builder</a> as engine.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Apache_Velocity/Ed0ENs6Q">Velocity</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Java_platform/fpn6x8WL">Java</a></td><td>Public. Use VTL - <a href="https://velocity.apache.org/engine/devel/vtl-reference.html">Velocity Template Language</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Vignette_(software)/4dDRcG4s">Vignette</a></td><td>Proprietary.</td><td>Commercial solution. <a href="/facts/Web_template/zWstHsCF">Embedded complex language</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/XSLT/0gw4WVyJ">XSLT</a> (standard language)</td><td>Any with an XSLT parser</td><td>Standard. <a href="/facts/Web_template/zWstHsCF">Event-driven programmable language</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/XQuery/47Ep0fSS">XQuery</a> (standard language)</td><td>Any with an XQuery parser</td><td>Standard. <a href="/facts/Web_template/zWstHsCF">Embedded programmable language</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Technically, the methodology of embedding programming languages within HTML (or XML, etc.), used in many "server-side included script languages" are also templates. All of them are <a href="/facts/Web_template/zWstHsCF">Embedded complex languages</a>.
</p>
<table><tbody><tr><th>System label/name</th><th>Notes</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Active_Server_Pages/um62st21">Active Server Pages</a> (ASP)</td><td>Proprietary (<a href="/facts/Microsoft/nGIDDXdx">Microsoft platform</a>). See also: <a href="/facts/VBScript/tg6VhSCk">VBScript</a>, Javascript, <a href="/facts/PerlScript/uydYqvDj">PerlScript</a>, etc. extensions for ASP.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/ERuby/SfQFc10o">eRuby</a></td><td>Public (<a href="/facts/Ruby_(programming_language)/BeYSaPSR">Ruby</a>).</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/ColdFusion_Markup_Language/AbjNUunm">ColdFusion Markup Language</a> (CFM)</td><td>Public (<a href="/facts/Lucee/Hzmuvgmj">Lucee</a>, <a href="/facts/Railo/Vhv781dj">Railo</a>, OpenBD). Proprietary (<a href="/facts/Adobe_ColdFusion/4WB5vcA2">Adobe ColdFusion</a>).</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Jakarta_Server_Pages/LAr4ALkb">Jakarta Server Pages</a> (JSP)</td><td>Public, <a href="/facts/Jakarta_EE/7AAStd35">Jakarta EE</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Perl/fx31kjlT">Active Perl</a></td><td>Public.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/PHP/vU6YRJX0">PHP</a></td><td>Public.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/OpenACS/UvVRBVNN">OpenACS</a></td><td>Public (<a href="/facts/Tcl/s7fbKYtR">Tcl</a>).</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>There are also <a href="/facts/Preprocessor/arTRL5RG">preprocessors</a> used as <a href="/facts/Template_engine_(web)/zWstHsCF">server-side template engines</a>. Examples:
</p>
<table><tbody><tr><th><a href="/facts/Preprocessor/arTRL5RG">Preprocessor</a></th><th>Notes</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/C_preprocessor/KuhuxKYP">C preprocessor</a></td><td>Public. <a href="/facts/Web_template/zWstHsCF">Embedded iterable language</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/M4_(computer_language)/Q4gX4ske">M4</a></td><td>Public. <a href="/facts/Web_template/zWstHsCF">Embedded complex language</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3>Edge-side systems</h3>
<p>Edge-Side template and inclusion systems. "Edge-side" refers to web servers that reside in the space between the client (browser) and the originating server. They are often referred to as "reverse-proxy" servers. These servers are generally tasked with reducing the load and traffic on originating servers by caching content such as images and page fragments, and delivering this to the browser in an efficient manner.
</p><p>Basic <a href="/facts/Edge_Side_Includes/8lR72dWs">Edge Side Includes</a> (ESI)  is an SSI-like language. ESI has been implemented for content delivery networks. The ESI template language may also be implemented in web browsers using JavaScript and Ajax, or via a browser "plug-in".
</p>
<h3>Client-side systems</h3>

<p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/JavaScript_templating/A9TKbXUF">JavaScript templating</a></p>
<p>Many web browsers can apply an <a href="/facts/XSLT/0gw4WVyJ">XSLT</a> stylesheet to XML data that transforms the data into an XHTML document, thereby providing template functionality in the browser itself.
Other systems implement template functionality in the browser using <a href="/facts/JavaScript/XhhIIEsl">JavaScript</a> or another <a href="/facts/Client-side_scripting/psjqGKBx">client-side scripting</a> language, including:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Mustache_(template_system)/m3EAsoqt">Mustache</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/nebrelbug/squirrelly">Squirrelly</a></li>
<li><a href="https://handlebarsjs.com/">Handlebars</a></li></ul>
<h3>Distributed systems</h3>
<p>The most simple form is <a href="/facts/Transclusion/QV9bvV3s">transclusions</a> (HTML frames). In other cases <a href="/facts/Dynamic_web_page/psjqGKBx">dynamic web pages</a> are needed.
</p><p>Examples:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Ajax_(programming)/cS0P0whT">Ajax</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Rich_Internet_application/en12v9La">Rich Internet application</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<table><tbody><tr><td>Concepts:<ul><li><a href="/facts/Boilerplate_code/xbYAfVbW">Boilerplate code</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Bytecode/EPkMFR7M">Bytecode</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Comparison_of_web_template_engines/MDfM0T0a">Comparison of web template engines</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Browser_engine/wLna3ate">Layout engine</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Macro_(computer_science)/7abAsm1o">Text substitution macros</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Preprocessor/arTRL5RG">Preprocessor</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Template_processor/tGaGYPh3">Template processor</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Template_(file_format)/QsSb9691">Template (file format)</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Transclusion/QV9bvV3s">Transclusion</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Virtual_machine/BLevU3sx">Virtual machine</a></li></ul></td><td>     </td><td>Standards:<ul><li><a href="/facts/UIML/0EYW4h7q">UIML</a> (User Interface Markup Language)</li><li><a href="/facts/XSLT/0gw4WVyJ">XSLT</a> (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations)</li></ul></td><td>     </td><td>Software:<ul><li><a href="/facts/CodeCharge_Studio/whz0V4NG">CodeCharge Studio</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Jekyll_(software)/1BXPTF9V">Jekyll</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>9. <a href="https://www.mgtechnologies.co.in/category/ecommerce-website-templates">Free ecommerce website themes</a> MG Technologies Blogs and Information Portal of  Website Themes.
</p>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://psionides.eu/2009/06/15/javascript-template-libraries/">JavaScript template libraries</a> comparison from 2009</li>
<li><a href="http://www.cs.usfca.edu/~parrt/papers/mvc.templates.pdf">Enforcing Strict Model–View Separation in Template Engines</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.unirioja.es/cu/fgarcia/JST-ICWE2007.pdf">A Double-Model Approach to Achieve Effective Model–View Separation in Template Based Web Applications</a></li>
<li><a href="https://themeit.com/">A PHP template engine comparison with graphic charts</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.simple-is-better.org/template/">Comparisons/benchmarks of some Python template-engines and some generic thoughts about template-engines</a></li>
<li><a href="http://web-mode.org/">web-mode.el is an emacs major for editing web templates</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>"Template engine". phpwact.org wiki. Archived from the original on December 4, 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121204081204/http://www.phpwact.org/pattern/template_view" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20121204081204/http://www.phpwact.org/pattern/template_view</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Niemeyer, Patrick (2002). Learning Java. Sebastopol: O'Reilly. ISBN 0-596-00285-8. <a href="0-596-00285-8" target="_blank">0-596-00285-8</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Manolescu, Dragos (2006). Pattern Languages of Program Design 5. Reading: Addison-Wesley Professional. ISBN 0-321-32194-4. <a href="0-321-32194-4" target="_blank">0-321-32194-4</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Fowler, Martin (2003). Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture. Boston: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-321-12742-0. <a href="0-321-12742-0" target="_blank">0-321-12742-0</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>MacDonald, Matthew (2015). Creating a Website: The Missing Manual. Chapter 8 > Putting the Same Content on Multiple Pages > Web Templates > Note box: O'Reilly Media, Inc. ISBN 9781491936177. Retrieved 19 January 2016.{{cite book}}:  CS1 maint: location (link) <a href="9781491936177" target="_blank">9781491936177</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>"{{mustache}}". Retrieved 15 October 2013. <a href="https://mustache.github.io/" target="_blank">https://mustache.github.io/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>jodyburns. "Topsite Templating System". Retrieved 15 October 2013. <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/topsite/" target="_blank">http://sourceforge.net/projects/topsite/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Web template system open-in-new

Web template system