Aphakia

<h2 id="causes">Causes</h2>
Surgical removal of a lens, mainly in cataract surgery, is the most common cause of aphakia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a> Spontaneous traumatic absorption or congenital absence of lens matter is rare.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> Traumatic subluxation or dislocation of a lens may cause it.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a>

<h2 id="signs-and-symptoms">Signs and symptoms</h2>
<ul><li>Hypermetropia: Without the focusing power of the lens, the eye becomes very <a href="/facts/Hypermetropia/h8pFNRfI">farsighted</a>.</li>
<li>Loss of accommodation: Since the lens and its <a href="/facts/Zonule_of_Zinn/KAuNV6oN">zonules</a> are responsible for adjusting the focus of vision to different lengths, patients with aphakia will have a total loss of <a href="/facts/Accommodation_(eye)/UqjPBp3S">accommodation</a>.</li>
<li>Defective vision: High degree hypermetropia and total loss of accommodation cause defective vision for both distance and near.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Cyanopsia/WN0vlQHR">Cyanopsia</a>: Absence of lens cause cyanopsia or blue vision.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> Some individuals have said that they perceive ultraviolet light, invisible to those with a lens, as whitish blue or whitish-violet.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a></li>
<li>Erythropsia: Sometimes, objects appear reddish.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a></li>
<li>Deep anterior chamber: Since the lens is absent, anterior chamber will be deep.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Iridodonesis/Ewlr76lB">Iridodonesis</a>:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> Iridodonesis is the vibration or agitated motion of the iris with eye movement.</li>
<li>Purkinje test shows only two images; the reflection from anterior and posterior corneal surfaces.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Iridectomy/wAIH4RUo">Iridectomy</a> mark may be seen in surgical aphakia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Astigmatism/r6xCWw56">Astigmatism</a>: With-the-rule astigmatism due to corneal wound healing may occur in surgical aphakia, mainly after <a href="/facts/Intracapsular_cataract_extraction/6m2AMJ6E">intracapsular cataract extraction</a> or <a href="/facts/Extracapsular_cataract_extraction/6m2AMJ6E">extracapsular cataract extraction</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a></li></ul>
<h3>Complications</h3>
Main complications of surgical aphakia include:

<ul><li>Spectacle intolerance: Due to image <a href="/facts/Magnification/ACFaV1Bd">magnification</a> (up to 30%), <a href="/facts/Optical_aberration/YIqd9cA8">optical aberration</a>, prismatic effect and roving ring scotoma, spectacles are not well tolerated by aphakic patients.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> Due to <a href="/facts/Anisometropia/TAJhnlnA">unequal refractive power</a> between the eyes, wearing spectacles with single-eye aphakia may cause <a href="/facts/Diplopia/wYoJ9Khj">double vision</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a></li>
<li>Glaucoma: Secondary angle closure glaucoma may occur due to vitreous prolapse.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a></li>
<li>Retinal detachment<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a></li>
<li>Aphakic bullous keratopathy<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="treatment">Treatment</h2>
Aphakia can be corrected by wearing <a href="/facts/Glasses/ER3sFKmJ">glasses</a> or <a href="/facts/Contact_lenses/0nzxq5Rm">contact lenses</a>, by <a href="/facts/Intraocular_lens/cCpALNCV">artificial lens</a> implantation, or by <a href="/facts/Refractive_surgery/FIVGvNWL">refractive corneal surgeries</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> Eyes with artificial lenses are described as "<a href="/facts/Pseudophakia/cCpALNCV">pseudophakic</a>".

<h2 id="etymology">Etymology</h2>
From <a href="/facts/Ancient_Greek/LIK7NlUh">Ancient Greek</a> a-, privative prefix + phakós, <a href="/facts/Lentil/GUuCEt0o">lentil</a>, anything shaped like a lentil, e.g. a lens, via <a href="/facts/Neo-Latin/mbBrTVEd">New Latin</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Khurana, AK (2015). "Errors of refraction and accommodation". Comprehensive ophthalmology (6th ed.). Jaypee, The Health Sciences Publisher. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-93-86056-59-7. <a href="978-93-86056-59-7" target="_blank">978-93-86056-59-7</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Mary V Gibbens; R Goel; S E Smith (1989). "Effect of cataract extraction on the pupil response to mydriatics". British Journal of Ophthalmology. 73 (7): 563–565. doi:10.1136/bjo.73.7.563. PMC 1041802. PMID 2757997. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1041802" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1041802</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Khurana, AK (2015). "Errors of refraction and accommodation". Comprehensive ophthalmology (6th ed.). Jaypee, The Health Sciences Publisher. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-93-86056-59-7. <a href="978-93-86056-59-7" target="_blank">978-93-86056-59-7</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Alpar, John (1 April 1989). ""Present state of management of aphakia. Future of spectacles and contact lenses"". Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 37 (2): 54–57. ISSN 0301-4738. PMID 2583777. <a href="http://www.ijo.in/article.asp?issn=0301-4738;year=1989;volume=37;issue=2;spage=54;epage=57;aulast=Alp" target="_blank">http://www.ijo.in/article.asp?issn=0301-4738;year=1989;volume=37;issue=2;spage=54;epage=57;aulast=Alp</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"Congenital primary aphakia". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. <a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/9952/congenital-primary-aphakia#:~:text=Congenital%20primary%20aphakia%20(CPA)%20is,cornea%20blends%20with%20the%20sclera)." target="_blank">https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/9952/congenital-primary-aphakia#:~:text=Congenital%20primary%20aphakia%20(CPA)%20is,cornea%20blends%20with%20the%20sclera).</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Khurana, AK (2015). "Errors of refraction and accommodation". Comprehensive ophthalmology (6th ed.). Jaypee, The Health Sciences Publisher. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-93-86056-59-7. <a href="978-93-86056-59-7" target="_blank">978-93-86056-59-7</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Khurana, AK (2015). "Errors of refraction and accommodation". Comprehensive ophthalmology (6th ed.). Jaypee, The Health Sciences Publisher. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-93-86056-59-7. <a href="978-93-86056-59-7" target="_blank">978-93-86056-59-7</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">R M Anderson (1983). "Visual perceptions and observations of an aphakic surgeon". Perceptual and Motor Skills. 57 (3_suppl): 1211–1218. doi:10.2466/pms.1983.57.3f.1211. PMID 6664798. S2CID 20005737. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">David Hambling (29 May 2002). "Let the light shine in". The Guardian. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2002/may/30/medicalscience.research" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/science/2002/may/30/medicalscience.research</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Khurana, AK (2015). "Errors of refraction and accommodation". Comprehensive ophthalmology (6th ed.). Jaypee, The Health Sciences Publisher. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-93-86056-59-7. <a href="978-93-86056-59-7" target="_blank">978-93-86056-59-7</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Khurana, AK (2015). "Errors of refraction and accommodation". Comprehensive ophthalmology (6th ed.). Jaypee, The Health Sciences Publisher. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-93-86056-59-7. <a href="978-93-86056-59-7" target="_blank">978-93-86056-59-7</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Khurana, AK (2015). "Errors of refraction and accommodation". Comprehensive ophthalmology (6th ed.). Jaypee, The Health Sciences Publisher. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-93-86056-59-7. <a href="978-93-86056-59-7" target="_blank">978-93-86056-59-7</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Textbook of ophthalmology Vol 1. Agarwal, Sunita. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Bros. Medical Publishers. 2002. ISBN 978-81-7179-884-1. OCLC 49561947.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) <a href="978-81-7179-884-1" target="_blank">978-81-7179-884-1</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Textbook of ophthalmology Vol 1. Agarwal, Sunita. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Bros. Medical Publishers. 2002. ISBN 978-81-7179-884-1. OCLC 49561947.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) <a href="978-81-7179-884-1" target="_blank">978-81-7179-884-1</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Ramanjit, Sihota; Radhika, Tandon (2015). Parsons' diseases of the eye (22nd ed.). New Delhi, India: Elsevier. ISBN 978-81-312-3819-6. OCLC 905915528. <a href="978-81-312-3819-6" target="_blank">978-81-312-3819-6</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Ramanjit, Sihota; Radhika, Tandon (2015). Parsons' diseases of the eye (22nd ed.). New Delhi, India: Elsevier. ISBN 978-81-312-3819-6. OCLC 905915528. <a href="978-81-312-3819-6" target="_blank">978-81-312-3819-6</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Sowka, Joseph W. (November 2002). "Pupil block glaucoma from traumatic vitreous prolapse in a patient with posterior chamber lens implantation". Optometry (St. Louis, Mo.). 73 (11): 685–693. ISSN 1529-1839. PMID 12516797. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12516797/#:~:text=In%20aphakic%20patients,%20typically%20the,prolapse%20(aphakic%20pupil%20block).&text=Rarely,%20a%20hybrid%20of%20these,a%20posterior%20chamber%20lens%20implant." target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12516797/#:~:text=In%20aphakic%20patients,%20typically%20the,prolapse%20(aphakic%20pupil%20block).&text=Rarely,%20a%20hybrid%20of%20these,a%20posterior%20chamber%20lens%20implant.</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Ophthalmology. Yanoff, Myron,, Duker, Jay S., 1958- (5th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. 2019. ISBN 978-0-323-52821-4. OCLC 1051774434.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) <a href="978-0-323-52821-4" target="_blank">978-0-323-52821-4</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Ramanjit, Sihota; Radhika, Tandon (2015). Parsons' diseases of the eye (22nd ed.). New Delhi, India: Elsevier. ISBN 978-81-312-3819-6. OCLC 905915528. <a href="978-81-312-3819-6" target="_blank">978-81-312-3819-6</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Khurana, AK (2015). "Errors of refraction and accommodation". Comprehensive ophthalmology (6th ed.). Jaypee, The Health Sciences Publisher. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-93-86056-59-7. <a href="978-93-86056-59-7" target="_blank">978-93-86056-59-7</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">aphakia at Wiktionary https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aphakia <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aphakia" target="_blank">https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aphakia</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">aphakia. (n.d.) Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary. (2012). Retrieved April 13, 2016 from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aphakia <a href="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aphakia" target="_blank">http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aphakia</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Aphakia open-in-new

Aphakia