Xylanase

Endo-1,4-β-xylanase (<a href="/facts/Enzyme_Commission_number/Y5GNLRKX">EC</a> <a href="https://www.enzyme-database.org/query.php?ec=3.2.1.8">3.2.1.8</a>, systematic name 4-β-D-xylan xylanohydrolase) is any of a class of <a href="/facts/Enzyme/DSI1Fh7y">enzymes</a> that degrade the linear polysaccharide <a href="/facts/Xylan/pNGGxQHb">xylan</a> into <a href="/facts/Xylose/MrboHHP9">xylose</a>, thus breaking down <a href="/facts/Hemicellulose/s7wg6TEP">hemicellulose</a>, one of the major components of plant <a href="/facts/Cell_walls/DYXJVrnw">cell walls</a>:

Endohydrolysis of (1→4)-β-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans
Xylanase plays a major role in <a href="/facts/Micro-organism/pysJYcE2">micro-organisms</a> thriving on plant sources for the degradation of plant matter into usable nutrients. Xylanases are produced by fungi, bacteria, yeast, marine algae, protozoans, snails, crustaceans, insect, seeds, etc.; <a href="/facts/Mammal/phSwTzBo">mammals</a> do not produce xylanases. However, the principal commercial source of xylanases is filamentous fungi.
Commercial applications for xylanase include the <a href="/facts/Chlorine/y27UwYBM">chlorine</a>-free <a href="/facts/Bleaching_of_wood_pulp/lWRshQJ4">bleaching of wood pulp</a> prior to the <a href="/facts/Papermaking/XPErFtEk">papermaking</a> process, and the increased digestibility of <a href="/facts/Silage/t9pgturS">silage</a> (in this aspect, it is also used for fermentative <a href="/facts/Anaerobic_digestion/EUaMIVpM">composting</a>).
Apart from its use in the <a href="/facts/Pulp_and_paper_industry/EkhVtwNo">pulp and paper industry</a>, xylanases are also used as food additives to poultry; in wheat flour for improving dough handling and quality of baked products <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131018052215/http://www.healthbread.eu/consortium/">[1]</a>; for the extraction of coffee, plant oils, and starch; in the improvement of nutritional properties of agricultural silage and grain feed; and in combination with pectinase and cellulase for clarification of fruit juices and degumming of plant fiber sources such as flax, hemp, jute, and ramie. A good quantity of scientific literature is available on key features of xylanase enzymes in biotechnology ranging from their screening in microbial sources to production methods, characterization, purification and applications in commercial sector. High resilience to heating is required for some applications of xylanase, which can be achieved through selection of suitable microbial enzymes or by cyclization of the termini by <a href="/facts/SpyCatcher/NEBCh9GG">SpyTag/SpyCatcher</a> reaction.
Additionally, xylanase is the key ingredient in the <a href="/facts/Dough_conditioner/vQd4fYBI">dough conditioners</a> s500 and us500 manufactured by Puratos [nl]. These enzymes are used to improve the dough's workability and absorption of water.
In the future, xylanase may be used for the production of <a href="/facts/Biofuel/RWu7b6Y3">biofuel</a> from unusable plant material.

Xylanase open-in-new

Xylanase