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Coalbed methane
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<p><i>Coalbed methane</i> (CBM or coal-bed methane), coalbed gas, or coal seam gas (CSG) is a form of <a href="/facts/Natural_gas/9MYQ7NAP">natural gas</a> extracted from <a href="/facts/Coal/83kV3qxg">coal</a> beds. In recent decades it has become an important source of energy in United States, Canada, Australia, and other countries. </p><p>The term refers to <a href="/facts/Methane/kBHneYnh">methane</a> <a href="/facts/Adsorption/ARH9peYM">absorbed</a> into the solid matrix of the coal. It is called 'sweet gas' because of its lack of <a href="/facts/Hydrogen_sulfide/UbCqjMMk">hydrogen sulfide</a>. The presence of this gas is well known from <a href="/facts/Firedamp/KFpsSpMd">its occurrence</a> in underground <a href="/facts/Coal_mining/hJPK7wBl">coal mining</a>, where it presents a serious <a href="/facts/Methane/kBHneYnh">safety risk</a>. Coalbed methane is distinct from a typical <a href="/facts/Sandstone/RP8B6fqL">sandstone</a> or other conventional gas reservoir, as the methane is stored within the coal by a process called <a href="/facts/Adsorption/ARH9peYM">adsorption</a>. The methane is in a near-liquid state, lining the inside of pores within the coal (called the matrix). The open fractures in the coal (called the cleats) can also contain free gas or can be saturated with water. </p><p>Unlike much natural gas from conventional reservoirs, coalbed methane contains very little heavier hydrocarbons such as <a href="/facts/Propane/E0b23KGh">propane</a> or <a href="/facts/Butane/InIHpYlY">butane</a>, and no <a href="/facts/Natural-gas_condensate/yFKqn8SS">natural-gas condensate</a>. It often contains up to a few percent <a href="/facts/Carbon_dioxide/xGzpppEp">carbon dioxide</a>. Coalbed methane is generally formed due to thermal maturation of <a href="/facts/Kerogen/LjfWR4pQ">kerogen</a> and organic matter, in contrast to coal seams with regular <a href="/facts/Groundwater_recharge/el8C40xD">groundwater recharge</a> where methane is typically generated by microbial communities living <a href="/facts/In_situ/YolKlaCC">in situ</a>. </p>