The Global Descriptor Table (GDT) is a core part of Intel's x86 architecture that helps manage how memory is accessed and protected. Introduced with the Intel 80286 processor, it plays a key role in defining memory segments and their attributes: the base address, the size, and access privileges like executability and writability.
Even though modern 64-bit systems rarely rely on segmentation, the GDT remains a required component for starting up the processor and managing certain system-level tasks.