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k·p perturbation theory
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<p>In <a href="/facts/Solid-state_physics/Cmc6hvyR">solid-state physics</a>, the k·p <a href="/facts/Perturbation_theory_(quantum_mechanics)/lYGgk9Ph">perturbation theory</a> is an approximated semi-empirical approach for calculating the <a href="/facts/Band_structure/W5o7oE2R">band structure</a> (particularly <a href="/facts/Effective_mass_(solid-state_physics)/I8acHGPd">effective mass</a>) and optical properties of crystalline solids. It is pronounced "k dot p", and is also called the k·p method. This theory has been applied specifically in the framework of the <a href="/facts/Luttinger%25E2%2580%2593Kohn_model/Uu7ElxIw">Luttinger–Kohn model</a> (after <a href="/facts/Joaquin_Mazdak_Luttinger/AB3WwAsg">Joaquin Mazdak Luttinger</a> and <a href="/facts/Walter_Kohn/WCQ3DRlI">Walter Kohn</a>), and of the <a href="/facts/Kane_model/xe0JnbHe">Kane model</a> (after <a href="/facts/Evan_O%2527Neill_Kane_(physicist)/xe0JnbHe">Evan O. Kane</a>). </p>