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Denial-of-service attack
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<p>In <a href="/facts/Computing/Kghtm9fX">computing</a>, a denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) is a <a href="/facts/Cyberattack/6PSQzq7y">cyberattack</a> in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended <a href="/facts/User_(computing)/zQRzG0KG">users</a> by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting <a href="/facts/Network_service/GdLvd2ml">services</a> of a <a href="/facts/Host_(network)/HPNcFXHk">host</a> connected to a <a href="/facts/Computer_network/3w5RM99p">network</a>. Denial of service is typically accomplished by <a href="/facts/Flooding_(computer_networking)/7mAo7CI2">flooding</a> the targeted machine or resource with superfluous requests in an attempt to overload systems and prevent some or all legitimate requests from being fulfilled. The range of attacks varies widely, spanning from inundating a server with millions of requests to slow its performance, overwhelming a server with a substantial amount of invalid data, to submitting requests with an illegitimate <a href="/facts/IP_address/z9V22Sw9">IP address</a>. </p><p>In a distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack), the incoming traffic flooding the victim originates from many different sources. More sophisticated strategies are required to mitigate this type of attack; simply attempting to block a single source is insufficient as there are multiple sources. A DDoS attack is analogous to a group of people crowding the entry door of a shop, making it hard for legitimate customers to enter, thus disrupting trade and losing the business money. Criminal perpetrators of DDoS attacks often target sites or services hosted on high-profile <a href="/facts/Web_server/A4GS6thA">web servers</a> such as <a href="/facts/Bank/l7VsKwas">banks</a> or <a href="/facts/Credit_card/7pKSB5LD">credit card</a> <a href="/facts/Payment_gateway/ow7GyLTt">payment gateways</a>. <a href="/facts/Revenge/hr5TLjFX">Revenge</a> and <a href="/facts/Blackmail/KJjm5fgJ">blackmail</a>, as well as <a href="/facts/Hacktivism/Pf2eep2m">hacktivism</a>, can motivate these attacks. </p>