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Trigonal planar molecular geometry
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<p>In <a href="/facts/Chemistry/SrNqkGVm">chemistry</a>, trigonal planar is a <a href="/facts/Molecular_geometry/7USG5zDn">molecular geometry</a> model with one atom at the center and three atoms at the corners of an <a href="/facts/Equilateral_triangle/MJomsYDS">equilateral triangle</a>, called peripheral atoms, all in one plane. In an ideal trigonal planar species, all three ligands are identical and all bond angles are 120°. Such species belong to the <a href="/facts/Point_group/41NSqUN6">point group</a> <a href="/facts/Dihedral_symmetry_in_three_dimensions/xNRpsIAF">D3h</a>. Molecules where the three ligands are not identical, such as <a href="/facts/Formaldehyde/Ck8RLfqk">H2CO</a>, deviate from this idealized geometry. Examples of <a href="/facts/Molecule/N9ljSfFq">molecules</a> with trigonal planar geometry include <a href="/facts/Boron_trifluoride/2qa0NIH8">boron trifluoride</a> (BF3), <a href="/facts/Formaldehyde/Ck8RLfqk">formaldehyde</a> (H2CO), <a href="/facts/Phosgene/Adeazsck">phosgene</a> (COCl2), and <a href="/facts/Sulfur_trioxide/Ijvm08Lq">sulfur trioxide</a> (SO3). Some ions with trigonal planar geometry include <a href="/facts/Nitrate/5AnVlYnL">nitrate</a> (NO−3), <a href="/facts/Carbonate/FES1QHkN">carbonate</a> (CO2−3), and <a href="/facts/Guanidine/lGzDoPuJ">guanidinium</a> (C(NH2)+3). In organic chemistry, planar, three-connected carbon centers that are trigonal planar are often described as having <a href="/facts/Orbital_hybridisation/Fl7sz8Jm">sp2 hybridization</a>. </p><p><a href="/facts/Nitrogen_inversion/soVo4lbf">Nitrogen inversion</a> is the distortion of pyramidal <a href="/facts/Amine/SN7W44fv">amines</a> through a transition state that is trigonal planar. </p><p>Pyramidalization is a distortion of this molecular shape towards a <a href="/facts/Tetrahedral_molecular_geometry/583AL1sP">tetrahedral molecular geometry</a>. One way to observe this distortion is in <a href="/facts/Pyramidal_alkene/PVme1hCg">pyramidal alkenes</a>. </p>