Hand washing

Hand washing (or handwashing), also called <a href="/facts/Hand_hygiene/BTgUfoRo">hand hygiene</a>, is the process of cleaning the hands with <a href="/facts/Soap/99DbjMR5">soap</a> or handwash and <a href="/facts/Water/0lkXnJPK">water</a> to eliminate <a href="/facts/Bacteria/wC8xSCsU">bacteria</a>, <a href="/facts/Viruses/mf88Bcbl">viruses</a>, <a href="/facts/Dirt/RUesNF45">dirt</a>, <a href="/facts/Microorganism/pysJYcE2">microorganisms</a>, and other potentially harmful substances. Drying of the washed hands is part of the process as wet and moist hands are more easily recontaminated. If soap and water are unavailable, <a href="/facts/Hand_sanitizer/HuPuN7mw">hand sanitizer</a> that is at least 60% (<a href="/facts/V%2fv/m4hq35B7">v/v</a>) <a href="/facts/Alcohol_(chemistry)/Y0SCTDkh">alcohol</a> in water can be used as long as hands are not visibly excessively dirty or greasy. Hand hygiene is central to preventing the spread of <a href="/facts/Infection/182XrncP">infectious diseases</a> in home and everyday life settings.
The <a href="/facts/World_Health_Organization/YNN3bgug">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) recommends washing hands for at least 20 seconds before and after certain activities. These include the five critical times during the day where washing hands with soap is important to reduce <a href="/facts/Fecal%25E2%2580%2593oral_route/oAl5TN9z">fecal-oral transmission</a> of disease: after using the <a href="/facts/Toilet_(room)/mT5s2seK">toilet</a> (for <a href="/facts/Urination/H4qYz02K">urination</a>, <a href="/facts/Defecation/EBv8o15S">defecation</a>, <a href="/facts/Menstrual_hygiene_management/btvJvoz9">menstrual hygiene</a>), after cleaning a child's bottom (changing <a href="/facts/Diaper/62wCE4YW">diapers</a>), before feeding a child, before eating and before/after preparing food or handling raw meat, fish, or <a href="/facts/Poultry/u8hUQ64j">poultry</a>.
When neither hand washing nor using hand sanitizer is possible, hands can be cleaned with uncontaminated <a href="/facts/Ash/Fo0vRxwC">ash</a> and clean water, although the benefits and harms are uncertain for reducing the spread of viral or bacterial infections. However, frequent hand washing can lead to skin damage due to drying of the skin. Moisturizing lotion is often recommended to keep the hands from drying out; dry skin can lead to skin damage which can increase the risk for the transmission of infection.

Hand washing open-in-new

Hand washing