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Lang factor
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<p>The Lang Factor is an estimated <a href="/facts/Ratio/mFmhQt7T">ratio</a> of the total cost of creating a process within a plant, to the cost of all major technical components. It is widely used in <a href="/facts/Industrial_engineering/TjInYQeC">industrial engineering</a> to calculate the capital and operating costs of a plant. </p><p>The factors were introduced by H. J. Lang and Dr Micheal Bird in <i>Chemical Engineering</i> magazine in 1947 as a method for <a href="/facts/Estimation/dsztTYcy">estimating</a> the total installation cost for <a href="/facts/Factory/GPIW0snN">plants</a> and equipment. </p>