Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, or GC×GC, is a multidimensional <a href="/facts/Gas_chromatography/kwLY8vt1">gas chromatography</a> technique that was originally described in 1984 by J. Calvin Giddings and first successfully implemented in 1991 by John Phillips and his student Zaiyou Liu. 
GC×GC utilizes two different columns with two different <a href="/facts/Chromatography/2FrvPjNV">stationary phases</a>. In GC×GC, all of the effluent from the first dimension column is diverted to the second dimension column via a modulator. The modulator quickly traps, then "injects" the effluent from the first dimension column onto the second dimension. This process creates a retention plane of the 1st dimension separation x 2nd dimension separation. 
The <a href="/facts/Oil_and_gas_industry/xCKs0yQJ">oil and gas industry</a> was an early adopter of the technology for the complex oil samples to determine the many different types of <a href="/facts/Hydrocarbon/Dcg95Ju5">hydrocarbons</a> and their <a href="/facts/Isomer/PXlvDVdg">isomers</a>. In these types of samples, over 30000 different compounds could be identified in a <a href="/facts/Crude_oil/IQV0bHVd">crude oil</a> with this comprehensive chromatography technology (CCT).
The CCT evolved from a technology only used in academic R&D laboratories into a more robust technology used in many different industrial labs. Comprehensive chromatography is used in forensics, food and flavor, environmental, <a href="/facts/Metabolomics/9WytJVN7">metabolomics</a>, <a href="/facts/Biomarkers/nk2LgXtq">biomarkers</a> and clinical applications. Some of the most well-established research groups in the world that are found in Australia, Italy, the Netherlands, Canada, United States, and Brazil use this analytical technique.

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography open-in-new

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography