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Reference.org
Type IV secretion system
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<p>The bacterial type IV secretion system, also known as the type IV secretion system or the T4SS, is a secretion <a href="/facts/Protein/Jxmagu3E">protein</a> complex found in <a href="/facts/Gram-negative_bacteria/S1PbVtp4">gram negative bacteria</a>, <a href="/facts/Gram-positive_bacteria/H6WYQ17e">gram positive bacteria</a>, and <a href="/facts/Archaea/Adxh0aHw">archaea</a>. It is able to transport proteins and <a href="/facts/DNA/nB89Iauz">DNA</a> across the <a href="/facts/Cell_membrane/vAXSD0DT">cell membrane</a>. The type IV secretion system is just one of many <a href="/facts/Secretion/VHk9eLAV">bacterial secretion systems</a>. Type IV secretion systems are related to <a href="/facts/Bacterial_conjugation/WfeyKYC4">conjugation</a> machinery which generally involve a single-step secretion system and the use of a <a href="/facts/Pilus/xCNEXUdy">pilus</a>. Type IV secretion systems are used for conjugation, DNA exchange with the <a href="/facts/Extracellular_space/E1Vaq60Y">extracellular space</a>, and for delivering proteins to target <a href="/facts/Cell_(biology)/bLM9UQvy">cells</a>. The type IV secretion system is divided into type IVA and type IVB based on <a href="/facts/Genetics/bu8wne0A">genetic</a> ancestry. </p><p>Notable instances of the type IV secretion system include the <a href="/facts/Ti_plasmid/mV17D061">plasmid insertion into plants</a> of <i><a href="/facts/Agrobacterium_tumefaciens/aN1LUWQY">Agrobacterium tumefaciens</a></i>, the <a href="/facts/Toxin/11oUNk7n">toxin</a> delivery methods of <i><a href="/facts/Bordetella_pertussis/05kplr2K">Bordetella pertussis</a></i> (<a href="/facts/Whooping_cough/LyrTdSeh">whooping cough</a>) and <i><a href="/facts/Legionella_pneumophila/UrQCVYkg">Legionella pneumophila</a></i> (<a href="/facts/Legionnaires%27_disease/0zqx5s0e">Legionnaires' disease</a>), the translocation of effector proteins into host cells by bacteria from the <i><a href="/facts/Brucella/erCr0WsS">Brucella</a></i> genus (<a href="/facts/Brucellosis/Cq445r85">Brucellosis</a>), and the <a href="/facts/F_pilus/xCNEXUdy">F sex pilus</a>. </p>