Lithium–silicon battery

<p>Lithium–silicon batteries are <a href="/facts/Lithium-ion_battery/3L22xFhB">lithium-ion batteries</a> that employ a <a href="/facts/Silicon/cgWx0hdr">silicon</a>-based <a href="/facts/Anode/TjYt95zG">anode</a> and <a href="/facts/Lithium/7vXX6BWA">lithium</a> ions as the charge carriers. Silicon-based materials, generally, have a much larger specific energy capacity: for example, 3600 mAh/g for pristine silicon. The standard anode material <a href="/facts/Graphite/sSf3KMXr">graphite</a> is limited to a maximum theoretical capacity of 372 mAh/g for the fully lithiated state LiC6. 
</p><p>Silicon's vast volume change (approximately 400% based on crystallographic densities) when lithium is inserted, along with high reactivity in the charged state, are obstacles to <a href="/facts/Commercialization/4aatcHYn">commercializing</a> this type of anode. Commercial battery anodes may have small amounts of silicon, boosting their performance slightly. The amounts are closely held trade secrets, limited as of 2018 to, at most, 10% of the anode. Lithium-silicon batteries also include cell configurations where silicon is in compounds that may, at low voltage, store lithium by a displacement reaction, including <a href="/facts/Silicon_oxycarbide/bXsDVeX2">silicon oxycarbide</a>, <a href="/facts/Silicon_monoxide/Nxr2Q9om">silicon monoxide</a>, or <a href="/facts/Silicon_nitride/58X9QPQJ">silicon nitride</a>.
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Lithium–silicon battery open-in-new

Lithium–silicon battery