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Reference.org
2002 United States steel tariff
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<p>On March 5, 2002, <a href="/facts/President_of_the_United_States/oMsfmLb1">U.S. President</a> <a href="/facts/George_W._Bush/mYSgM515">George W. Bush</a> placed tariffs on imported <a href="/facts/Steel/aN6qWo4H">steel</a>. The tariffs took effect March 20 and were lifted by Bush on December 4, 2003. Research shows that "the costs of the Safeguard Measures [steel tariffs] outweighed their benefits in terms of aggregate GDP and employment". </p>