Hashemites

The Hashemites , also House of Hashim, are the <a href="/facts/Dynasty/6xXfAm3Y">royal family</a> of <a href="/facts/Jordan/JC5sS1oJ">Jordan</a>, which they have ruled since 1921, and were the royal family of the kingdoms of <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Hejaz/TCt9LLhV">Hejaz</a> (1916–1925), <a href="/facts/Arab_Kingdom_of_Syria/lplKokn4">Syria</a> (1920), and <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Iraq/s1XPzxuX">Iraq</a> (1921–1958). The family had ruled the city of <a href="/facts/Mecca/udqyuk0k">Mecca</a> continuously from the 10th century, frequently as <a href="/facts/Vassal/LKfLc2Cz">vassals</a> of outside powers, and ruled the thrones of the Hejaz, Syria, Iraq, and Jordan following their <a href="/facts/World_War_I/vITTUanQ">World War I</a> alliance with the <a href="/facts/British_Empire/hrsz0j7A">British Empire</a>.
The family belongs to the Dhawu Awn, one of the branches of the <a href="/facts/Hasanids/pfS3L4P0">Ḥasanid</a> <a href="/facts/Sharifs_of_Mecca/NpfxSasC">Sharifs of Mecca</a>, also referred to as Hashemites. Their eponymous ancestor is traditionally considered to be <a href="/facts/Hashim_ibn_Abd_Manaf/BfuxUv0T">Hashim ibn Abd Manaf</a>, great-grandfather of the <a href="/facts/Islamic_prophet/WPWy6Gdp">Islamic prophet</a> <a href="/facts/Muhammad/5VcA7XrT">Muhammad</a>. Another claimed ancestor is <a href="/facts/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib/YwM7b73C">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a>, the usurped successor of the prophet Muhammad according to Shia Islam. The Ḥasanid Sharifs of Mecca (from whom the Hashemite royal family is directly descended), including the Hashemites' ancestor <a href="/facts/Qatadah_ibn_Idris/W2g1wzWE">Qatadah ibn Idris</a>, were <a href="/facts/Zaydism/YjNdclfp">Zaydī</a> <a href="/facts/Shia_Islam/JIQl7ooz">Shīʿas</a> until the late <a href="/facts/Mamluk/78wJT4nN">Mamluk</a> or early <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Empire/6QvfTRsg">Ottoman</a> period, when they became followers of the <a href="/facts/Shafi%CA%BDi_school/tE6xsQxj">Shāfiʿī school</a> of <a href="/facts/Sunni_Islam/WYo0zeq0">Sunnī Islam</a>.
The current dynasty was founded by <a href="/facts/Sharif_Hussein_ibn_Ali/WN0QFyC4">Sharif Hussein ibn Ali</a>, who was appointed as <a href="/facts/Sharif_of_Mecca/NpfxSasC">Sharif and Emir of Mecca</a> by the Ottoman sultan <a href="/facts/Abdul_Hamid_II/3AWvfqF4">Abdul Hamid II</a> in 1908, then in 1916—after concluding a <a href="/facts/McMahon%E2%80%93Hussein_Correspondence/5lRCctxL">secret agreement with the British Empire</a>—was proclaimed King of Arab countries (but only recognized as King of the Hejaz) after initiating the <a href="/facts/Arab_Revolt/vbE1APx6">Arab Revolt</a> against the <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Empire/6QvfTRsg">Ottoman Empire</a>. His sons <a href="/facts/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan/SELbyU44">Abdullah</a> and <a href="/facts/Faisal_I_of_Iraq/XwHxNwvb">Faisal</a> assumed the thrones of Jordan and Iraq in 1921, and his first son <a href="/facts/Ali_of_Hejaz/sf8z15Gn">Ali</a> succeeded him in the Hejaz in 1924. This arrangement became known as the "<a href="/facts/Sharifian_solution/98dogX2x">Sharifian solution</a>". Abdullah <a href="/facts/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan/SELbyU44">was assassinated</a> in 1951, but his descendants <a href="/facts/List_of_kings_of_Jordan/CfH6UWN5">continue to rule Jordan</a> today. The other two branches of the dynasty did not survive; Ali <a href="/facts/Saudi_conquest_of_Hejaz/o8fEwQNS">was ousted</a> by <a href="/facts/Ibn_Saud/4Hmo3To7">Ibn Saud</a> after the British withdrew their support from Hussein in 1924–1925, and Faisal's grandson <a href="/facts/Faisal_II/NjTeRU9M">Faisal II</a> was executed in the <a href="/facts/14_July_Revolution/rtju0LJx">1958 Iraqi coup d'état</a>.

Hashemites open-in-new

Hashemites