Shah Ismail I, the founder of the Safavid Empire, embarked on a series of significant military campaigns between 1501 and 1524 to establish and expand his realm. His reign was marked by a series of key conflicts that shaped the political and religious landscape of the region. This article provides an overview of these major military engagements, highlighting Shah Ismail I’s strategic initiatives and their impact on the consolidation of the Safavid state and the expansion of its territories.
The conquest of Shirvan was the first campaign of Ismail, the leader of the Safavid order. In late 1500, Ismail marched into Shirvan, and, despite heavily outnumbered, decisively defeated the then incumbent Shirvanshah Farrukh Yassar in a pitched battle, in which the latter and his entire army were killed. The conquest resulted in the toppling of the Shirvanshahs as autonomous rulers, who had ruled large parts of the Caucasus for centuries, and the incorporation of their domain.